GrammarFocus復(fù)習(xí)

1、Section AGrammar Focus現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (present progressive tense)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(present perfect tense)used to被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (passive voice)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verbs)Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.We are trying to save the earth.The river used to be so clean.The air is badly polluted.

2、No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.We should help save the sharks. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (present progressive)概念：概念：表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：be(am / is / are) + v-ing（動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞）（動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞）標(biāo)志性詞匯：標(biāo)志性詞匯：now, right now, look, listen一般在動(dòng)詞原形后面一般在動(dòng)詞原形后面+inggoaskgoingasking以不發(fā)音的以

3、不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，結(jié)尾的，去掉去掉e，再加，再加-ingwritetakewritingtaking重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě)音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫(xiě)這一個(gè)字母，再加這一個(gè)字母，再加 -ingget runswimgettingrunningswimming以以ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把把ie變成變成y ，再加，再加-ing lie tie die lying tying dying動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：形式的構(gòu)成：1.The girls _ (dance) in the classroom now.2. Its 5 oclock now. Mike _

4、(have) dinner.3. _ he _ (clean) the blackboard? No, he isnt. 4.Tom _ (play) football on the playground at the moment. are dancingis havingIs cleaningis playing否定形式為否定形式為：used not to + do 或：或：didnt use to do 疑問(wèn)形式為疑問(wèn)形式為：Used to ? 或：或：Did use to ?“used to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”意為意為“過(guò)去常常過(guò)去常常做某事做某事”；表；表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或

5、過(guò)去過(guò)去經(jīng)常反經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再?gòu)?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在了?？捎糜谒腥朔Q(chēng)。存在了。可用于所有人稱(chēng)。1. 她過(guò)去常常周末和朋友逛街。她過(guò)去常常周末和朋友逛街。She _ with friends on weekends.2. 他過(guò)去每天晚上睡得很晚。他過(guò)去每天晚上睡得很晚。He _ at night.3. Ken used to be afraid of dogs. （改（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）為一般疑問(wèn)句）_Did he use to be afraid of dogs?used to sleep late / stay upused to hang out被動(dòng)

6、語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (Passive Voice)謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成: be + v-p.p.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（The Passive Voice)表示主表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+will + be+及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can / could / may / might /must / should) + be +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞的的過(guò)去分詞

7、過(guò)去分詞一般一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí): am / are / is +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1. Do you often clean your classroom? Yes. Our classroom _ (clean) every day.2. Did you go to Jacks birthday party? No. I _ (not invite).3. What is this? Its a CD. This CD _ (use) for learning English.is clea

8、nedwasnt invitedis used構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 have / has + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (present perfect)概念：概念： 表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志性詞匯：標(biāo)志性詞匯： already, yet, ever, never, just, before, since, twice, recently, so far, for +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句。從句。1. I _ (live) here since 1999.2. _ you ever _ (be) to the USA

9、? Yes, twice.3. May I speak to John? Sorry, he _ (go) to New York. He will be back in two days.4. Do you know Mr. White well? Yes. He _ (work) for the WWF for two years.Have been has gonehas workedhave lived情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: can / could能夠能夠, may / might可能、可能、可以可以, need需要需要, have to不得不不得不, will / would將要、愿意將

10、要、愿意, shall / should應(yīng)該應(yīng)該, must必須必須等。等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化；其情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化；其后跟后跟動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形；必須必須與其后的動(dòng)詞與其后的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (modal verbs)1. Will you stay for some more days? Sorry, I_. My mother called to ask me to go back at once. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. wouldnt 2. Excuse me. _ you please p

11、ass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 3. You _ worry about him. He will get well soon. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. may not4. I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No, she _ be there. Ive just seen her in our classroom. A.cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. woul

12、dnt5. Must I get up early tomorrow? No, _. A. you mustnt B. I dont think you have to C. you cant D. you need Ive not finished my project yet. Hurry up! Our friends _ for us. 【2011江蘇南京江蘇南京】 A. wait B. are waiting C. will wait D. have waited Hey, Tom. Lets go swimming. Just a moment. I _ a message.【20

13、13河南河南】 A. send B. sent C. am sending D. have sentThe girl _ with her grandparents for the moment because her parents are both very busy this month. 【2011四川綿陽(yáng)四川綿陽(yáng)】 A. lived B. is living C. live D. was living【2013黑龍江綏化黑龍江綏化】2. My uncle _ books in the room at this time yesterday.A. was seeing B. is re

14、ading C. was reading【2013江蘇南京江蘇南京】8. Millie, where is Miss Li? She _ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall. A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. has given【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法。由問(wèn)句考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法。由問(wèn)句“李老師在哪里？李老師在哪里？”可知應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行可知應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示李老師現(xiàn)在正在做什么，所以選時(shí)，表示李老師現(xiàn)在正在做什么，所以選擇答案擇答案C。 My mother _ us

15、 stories when we were children. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling _ used to_ an old bookshelf in my room. A. There; be B. There; have C. It; be D. There; having 【解析解析】本句子是考查本句子是考查there be和和used to連連用的用法，表示用的用法，表示“過(guò)去常常有過(guò)去常常有”的意思。的意思。CAMary, you _ be short, b

16、ut now you are tall. A. were B. are C. use to D. used to 【解析解析】本句子是考查短語(yǔ)本句子是考查短語(yǔ)used to的用法。的用法。從本句子的意思理解是用從本句子的意思理解是用used to表示表示“過(guò)去常過(guò)去常常?！钡囊馑?。的意思。There used to be a river here, _? A. used there B. didnt there C. wasnt it D. did it 【解析解析】本句子是考查反意疑問(wèn)句的用法，前本句子是考查反意疑問(wèn)句的用法，前面是肯定形式，后面用否定形式，排除面是肯定形式，后面用否定形式，

17、排除A和和D，后面的疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)和前面保持一致，排除后面的疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)和前面保持一致，排除C。DB【2013重慶重慶】33. A lot of trees _ around here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now. A. were planted B. are planted C. will plant D. are planting【2013安徽安徽】Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _ in a short time. A. can be learned B.

18、 has been learned C. can learn D. has learned【2013江蘇常州江蘇常州】6. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 【解析解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。本題考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。某些可以和某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副詞連用的不等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞如及物動(dòng)詞如read, write, wash, clean, draw, cook, sell, lock, open等，

19、且主語(yǔ)是非生命的名詞或等，且主語(yǔ)是非生命的名詞或代詞，用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。本句的主語(yǔ)為代詞，用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。本句的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)his listening material為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)；為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)；sell well意為意為“暢銷(xiāo)暢銷(xiāo)”。句意為。句意為“這個(gè)聽(tīng)力材料以及它的這個(gè)聽(tīng)力材料以及它的光盤(pán)很暢銷(xiāo)光盤(pán)很暢銷(xiāo)”, 故選故選A。【2013湖南益陽(yáng)湖南益陽(yáng)】30. The sports meeting _ next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held 【解析解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。主語(yǔ)考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。主語(yǔ)

20、the sports meeting不能執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能執(zhí)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hold，是，是hold的承受者，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。的承受者，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。next month說(shuō)明句子用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：說(shuō)明句子用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：will be held。故選。故選C。13. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.【2011天津天津】 A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen33. Hi, guys. Where are you staying now?

21、 Home. We _ all our money, so we have to walk home now. 【2011山東威山東威海海】 A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. are spending【2013湖北孝感湖北孝感】36. Id like you to tell me something about Shennongjia. Im sorry, but neither Jack nor I _ there. A. have been B. had been C. have gone D. has gone 【解析解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。從答語(yǔ)從答語(yǔ)“對(duì)不起，但是杰克和我都沒(méi)去過(guò)那對(duì)不起，但是杰克和我都沒(méi)去過(guò)那兒兒”可知要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。可知要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。“have / has been to +地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)”意為意為“去過(guò)某地去過(guò)某地”、現(xiàn)在、現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了；已經(jīng)回來(lái)了；“have / has gone to+地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)”意意為為“去了某地或在去某地的路上去了某地或在去某地的路上”。答句是。答句是neither nor引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，故選引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，故選A?！?013湖北荊州湖北荊州】26. Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Everyth