2019屆黃浦區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)一模

1、黃浦區(qū)2019屆第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)控試卷高三英語(yǔ)2018.12.14(考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分140分，請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題紙上)第I卷(共100分)I.Listening(略)n.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheo

2、therblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.JustHowBuggyisYourPhone?Whatiteminyourhomecrawlswiththemostgerms?Ifyousay21toiletseat,you'rewrong.Kitchenspongestopthelist.Butcellphonesareprettydirtytoo.Theycontainaround10timesasmanygermsastoiletseats.Peopletouchtheirphones,laptops,andotherdigitaldevi

3、cesalldaylong,yetrarelycleanthem.Inoneincident,athiefpaidaterriblepriceforstealingagermycellphone.HestoleitfromahospitalinUgandaduringawidespreadofthedeadlydiseaseEbola.Thephone'sownerreporthetheftbefore22(die)fromthedisease.Soon,thethiefbeganshowingsymptomsandfinally23(confess)tothecrime.24inth

4、atunusualcaseacellphonecarrieddangerousbacteria,notallgermsarebad.Mostcausenoharm.Infact,theycouldprovidehelpfulinformation.Lookatthesurfaceofyourphonecarefully.Doyouseesomedirtymars?"That'sallyou,"saysmicrobialecologistJarradHamptonMarcell."That'sbiologicalinformation.”Itturn

5、soutthatthetypesofgermsthatyouapplyalloveryourphoneortabletaredifferentfrom25ofyourfriendsandfamily.They'relikeafingerprintthatcouldidentifyyou.Somedayinthefuture,investigatorsmayusethesemicrobialfingerprintstosolvecrimes.Phonesanddigitaldevicesmaybeoneofthebestplacestolookforbuggyclues.Ina2017s

6、tudy,researcherssampledarangeofsurfacesin22participants'homes,_countertopsandfloorstocomputerkeyboardsandmice.Thentheytriedtomatchthemicrobialfingerprintsoneachobjecttoitsowner.Theofficeequipmentwaseasiesttomatchtoitsowner.Inan27(early)study,adifferentgroupofresearchersfoundthattheycouldusemicro

7、bialfingerprintstoidentifythepersonwho28(use)acomputerkeyboardevenafterthekeyboardsatuntouchedfortwoweeksatroomtemperature.Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow29peoplehavegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove30anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustb

8、otheryou?原文出處：SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.measurementB.similarC.remarkablyD.monetaryE.astronomyF.alteredG.civilizationH.definedI.independenceJ.invariablyK.dominatedTheNileTheancientGreekwriter

9、HerodotusoncedescribedEgypt-withsomeenvy-as'thegiftoftheNile'.TheEgyptiansdependontheriverforfood,forwaterandforlife.TheAncientEgyptianswereabletocontrolandusetheNile,creatingtheearliestirrigationsystemsanddevelopingaprosperous31.Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost32eachyearinJu

10、ne.Oncethewatersubsided,arichdepositofsandwasleftbehind,makinganexcellenttopaoil.Seedsweresown,yieldingwheat,barley,beans,lentilsandleeks.DroughtcouldspelldisasterfortheEgyptians,soduringthedryseasons,theydugbasinsandchannelstodeliverwatertotheirland.Theyalsodevisedsimplechannelstotransferwateratthe

11、peakoftheflood.Anearlysystemof33aNilometer,wasusedtodedeterminethesizeofthefloods.Later,duringtheNewKingdom,aliftingsystemcalledashadufwasusedtoraisewaterfromtheriver-34tothewayinwhichawellisusedtoday.TheEgyptianstookupsomeoftheearliesttradingmissions.Withouta（n）35systemtheyexchangedgoods,bringingba

12、cktimber,preciousstones,pottery,spicesandanimals.Theireffortsinmedicinewerealso36advanced:surgeonsperformedoperationstoremovecysts（囊腫）.Mummificationgavethemgreatunderstandingofthehumanbody-yettheyalsoreliedheavilyonvariousmedicinestopreventdisease,anddiscoverieswereoftenconfusedwithsuperstition（迷信）.

13、Andwhileagreatdealoftimewasdedicatedto37theEgyptiansthoughtthestarsweregods.Bythe16thcenturyEgyptwasundertheOttomanEmpireuntilBritainseizedcontrolin1882.WhatisnowmostlyArabicEgyptonlywon38fromBritainafterWorldWarn.TheSuezCanal,openedin1869,thecountryasacenterforworldtransportation.Butit,andthecomple

14、tionoftheAswanHighDamin197140theecologyoftheNile,whichnowstrugglestosatisfythecountryrapsdlygrowingpopulation,currentlymorethan76million-thelargestintheArabworld.in.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwith

15、thewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.KeepingTheTapsRunninginThirstyCitiesWatercovers71%ofEarth'ssurfaceyetonly2%ofitisaccessibleasasourceoffreshwater.41onthislimitedresourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho42water.Agriculture,industryandtou

16、rismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemunicipalwatersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris43foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated（灌溉）areasthiscanincreateto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits44.Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryar

17、eas.45forwaterresourcesbetweendifferentuserswithinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,46tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,47,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2017rainyseasonthecityfa

18、cedthe48ofitsdamsrunningdryduring2018.Thedamswereonly37%fullinthesameweekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2018,itwas49thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,from1.2billionlitresadayin2015tofewerthan

19、600millionlitres,andworking50withindustryandagriculturetoreducedemand.OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday.51,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing52waterforgardens,waterman

20、agementdeviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahighwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia53tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have54.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwat

21、ereconomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofalackofwaterisveryhigh.CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The55ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcosteffectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.41.A.ImpactB.Pressure42.A.recycleB.wa

22、ste43.A.restoredB.abstracted44.A.changeB.source45.A.CompetitionB.Protection46.A.contributingB.regarding47.A.inadditionB.forexample48.A.prospectB.illustration49.A.reportedB.presented50.A.respectivelyB.increasingly51.A.BycomparisonB.Inotherwords52.A.feasibleB.drinkable53.A.campaignB.statement54.A.inva

23、dedB.liberated55.A.change原文出處：B.theoryC.ImpressionD.ObservationC.consumeD.applyC.separatedD.preservedC.originD.volumeC.ConstructionD.RegulationC.respondingD.referringC.onthecontraryD.asaresultC.symptomD.securityC.predictedD.explainedC.restrictivelyD.extensivelyC.TooursurpriseD.What'smoC.inevitab

24、leD.influentialC.presentationD.advertisementC.sufferedD.proceededC.recordD.threat/publications/twt/keeping-taps-running-thirsty-citiesSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem.Therearefourch

25、oicesmarkedA,B,CandD.choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheInformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Despiteanadvertisementcampaignsuggestingwall-to-wallspecialeffects,“BridgeofTerabithia"isgroundedinrealityfarmotleaninfantasy.AdaptingKatherinePaterson-'sawardwinningnovel,thescreenwrit

26、ersDavidPatersonandJeffStockwellhaveproducedathoughtfulandextremelyaffectingstoryofatransformativefriendshipbetweentwounusuallygiftedchildren.Theresultisamoviewhoseemotionaldepthcouldappealmoretoadultsthantotheirchildren.JessAarons(JoshHutcherson)isasixthgraderwithfoursisters,financiallytensedparent

27、sandatalentfordrawing.Anintroverted(內(nèi)向的)kidwhoisregularlypickedonbytheschoolbuses,JessformsabondwithanewstudentnamedLeslie(AnnaSophiaRobb),afreespiritwhoseparents,bothwriters,arefondlyneglectful.Anattractionbetweenoutsiders,theirfriendshipfeedsonherwordsandhispictures;togethertheycreateanimaginaryki

28、ngdominthewoodsbehindtheirhomes,aworldtheycancontrolandwheretheirmindscanwanderfree.Beautifullycapturingatimewhenabullyinschoolcanoccuraslargeasamonsterinanightmareandtheencouragementofateachercanalterthecourseofalife,“BridgetoTeraikeepsthefantasyinthebackgroundtofindmagicintheeveryday.GaborCsupodir

29、ectsthis,hisfirstfeature,likesomeoneclosetothepainofbeingdifferent,fascinatedintiny,perfectdetails.Withstrongperformancesfromalltheleads,“BridgetoTerabithia"isabletohandleadulttopicswithsensitivity.Astheemotionallandscapedarkens,thosewhohaven'treadthebookbesurprisedatthesorrowthefilmmakersc

30、ausewithouteverresortingtohorrororterror.Inotherwords,yourchildrenmaycry,buttheywon'tbetraumatizedsobadly.Consistentlysmartanddelicateasaspiderweb,“BridgetoTerabithiai§thekindofchildren'smovieiyirseennowadays.Atatimewhenmanypublicschoolsarebeingforcedtocutmusicandartfromthecurriculum,th

31、estory'sinsistenceonthehealingpowerofacultivatedimaginationisbothwelcomeandessential.56. ThesecondparagraphindicatesthatJessandLeslie.A. losttheircontrolovertheimaginarykingdomB.lookeddownontheirindividualrealitiesC. formedagoodfriendshipdespitetheirdifferenttalentsD. wroteabookaboutamagicalland

32、calledTerabithia57. Whichofthefollowingwordsismostlikelytoreplaceatraumatized”(paragraph4)?A.criticizedB.ignoredC.delightedD.shocked58. Thetwochildrenmostlikely.A. skippedschooltoplayinthewoodsbehindtheircampusB. createdanimaginaryworldasanescapefromrealityC. disappointedtheirparentswiththeirover-ac

33、tiveimaginationsD. wonagainstthebulliesatschoolwithstrongperformances59. Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A. Thefantasycomponentsofthemovieweretooover-done.B. Themovieismotionalbutnotmuchtoodramatic.C. ”BridgetoTerabithia"hasanegativeimpactonpublicschooleducation.

34、D. Childrenshouldn'twatchthefilmastheyaretooyoungtounderstandthetopics.原文出處：(B)HotAirBalloonsBurner：MixesprwithairtoproduTheyhdvetvobcontrol一段vdlvchute附回】嗎刮冶艮flapti"2星山融口Ahotairballoonismadeupof3mainparts:TheEnvelopeTheactualfabricballoonwhichholdstheair.TheBurnerTheunitwhichpushestheheatup

35、intotheenvelopeTheBasketWherethepassengersandpilotstandThebasisofhowtheballoonworksisthatwarmerairrisesincoolerair.Thisisbecausehotairislighterthancoolairasithaslessmassperunitofvolume.Masscanbedefinedbythemeasureofhowmuchmattersomethingcontains.Theactualballoonhastobelargeasittakesalargeamountofhea

36、tedairtoliftitofftheground.Theburnerusespropanegastoheatuptheairintheenvelopetomovetheballoonoffthegroundandintotheair.Thepilotmustkeepfiringtheburneratregularintervalsthroughouttheflighttoensurethattheballooncontinuestothestable.Naturally,thehotairwillnotescapefromthehotattheverybottomoftheenvelopa

37、sfirstly,hotairrisesandsecondly,thefloatingpowerkeepsitmovingup.Tomovetheballoonupwards,thepilotopensupthepropanevaluewhichletsthepropaneflowtotheburnerwhichinturnfreestheflameupintotheenvelope.Itworksinmuchthesamewayasagasgrill:themoreyouopenthevalve,thebiggertheflametobeattheairandthefastertheball

38、oonrises.The“ParachutVake"attheverytopoftheballooniswhatisusedtobringtheballoondowntowardstheground.Itisacircleoffabriccutoutofthetopoftheenvelopwhichiscontrolledbyaropewhichrunsdownthroughthemiddleoftheenvelopetothebasket.Ifthepilotwantstobringtheballoondown,heorshesimplypullsontheropewhichwil

39、lopenthevalve,lettinghotairescape,decreasingtheinnerairtemperature.Thiscoolingofaircausestheballoontoslowitsrise.Thepilotcanoperatehorizontallybychangingtheverticalpositionoftheballoonbecausethewindblowsindifferentdirectionsatdifferentaltitudes.Ifthepilotwantstomoveinaparticulardirection,heorshesimp

40、lyarisesandfallstotheappropriatelevelandrideswiththewind.60. Thepurposeofthisarticleisto.A. explainhowhotairballoonsworkB. illustratewhyhotairballoonsareusefulC. describehotairballoons'structureD. informreadersabouthowhotairballoonsaremade61. Whatwouldhappenifthe“ParachuteValve"couldnotbere

41、leasedafteritwasopened?A. Theinsideoftheballoonwouldcontinuetoheatup.B. TheballoonwouldclimbupmorerapidlyC. Theself-sealingvalvewouldneedtotakeovertheroleoftheParachuteValve.D. Theballoonwouldbegintomovedownmorerapidly.62. Whichofthefollowingskillsorknowledgewouldbethemostusefultoaballoonpilot?A. Th

42、eabilitytosewthepanelsoffabrictogethertomakeaballoon.B. Anunderstandingofhowpropanegasismanufactured.C. Aknowledgeofthebackgroundofpassengerswhoaretravellingintheballoon.D. Aknowledgeofaircurrentsandwinddirectionsintheareawhereheispilotingtheballoon.原文出處：/balloon/how-it-works.html

43、（C）ThesurfaceofVenushasneverseemedveryhospitable.Temperatureschangearound470C（900F）,theresultofarunwaygreenhouseeffect,andthepressureofitsatmosphere,thickwithcarbondioxideandsulfuricacid（硫酸）,issome90timesthatofEarthLead（鉛）wouldflowlikewateronVenus,andwatercannothaveexistedinliquidformforperhapsabill

44、ionyears.NowNASASMagellanspacecraftseemstohavefoundonemorehorrorinthenastylandscape:activevolcanoes.LastweekthespaceagencyreleasedthefirstdetailedmapofVenusandthemostdramaticimagesevermadeofitssurface.Thepictureofferthebestevidencetodatethataplanetonceassumeddeadisactuallyalivelypotofgeologicalchang

45、e.ThemostamazingimageisofVenus'secondtallestmountain,MaatMons,whichrises8km（5miles）.Mostoftheplaneteaksmncyiping9.5-km-（6-mile-）highMaxwellMontes,lookbrightintheradarpicturesMagellantakesfromitsorbitabovethepermanentcouldcover.Thatmeanstheyarestrongreflectorsofradarwaves.ButMaatMonsisdark;liketh

46、eStealthbomber,itabsorbsmuchoftheradarfallingonit.Thisinterestingfact,sayprojectscientists,isastronghintthatthemountainshasrecentlybeencoveredwithlava（熔巖）.Rockthatsitsonthesurfaceofmountaintopsappearstoweatherquicklyinthehot,chemicallyreactiveatmosphere,creatingasoilthatisrichinironsulfide（硫化鐵）.Itis

47、thismineral,thescientistsbelieve,thatcaneasilybeseenonradar.IfMaatMonsdoesn'thaveany,ithasprobablybeenresurfaced,perhapswithinthepastfewyears.SuchresurfacinghasundoubtedlytakenplaceinVenuslowlands:earlierimagesoftheplanetshowedvastareasthatareremarkablyfreeofcraters（火山坑）.Thatwouldbeeasytoexplain

48、onaPlanetlikeEarth,wherecrateringfrommeteorstrikesiserasedbysteadyerosion.ButwhilethereissomeevidenceofwinderosiononVenus,thebestexplanationforthelackofcrateringisperiodiclavaflow.Magellanhasfounddirectevidenceofsuchflows,includingdomelikeupwellingsandhardenedstreamedofrocktrailingdownthesidesofVenu

49、sianpeaks.Therearealsosignsofothergeologicactivities,includingdramaticfaultingandseveraldistinctincidentsofmountainbuilding.Buttheevidencecan'tindicatewhethertheyreallyoccurredmillionsofyearsago.ThecaseforactiveVenusianvolcanoesisnotyetproved,butMagellan,whichisnowwellintoitssecondcompletesurvey

50、oftheplanetyeventmaHycsetmatheissue.63. WhichofthefollowinghasNOpossibilitytobefoundonVenusnow?A.CarbondioxideB.SulfuricacidC.LiquidwaterD.Activevolcanoes64. Thescientistsbelievethatshowsupeasilyonradar.A.geologicalchangeB.ironsulfideC.mountainmineralD.lavaflow65. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingt

51、othepassage?A. TheresurfacinghaschangedtheimagesofthevastareasinVenuslowlands.B. ThewinderosiononVenusiscausedbyperiodiclavaflowsC. StreamsofrocktrailingdownthesideofVenusianpeakscanbeseenonEarthD. Othergeologicactivitieshavecauseddramaticandunbelievableclimatephenomenon.66. Whatcanbeinferredfromthe

52、passage?A. NASASMagallanspacecraftfailstostandtheenvironmentofVenus.B. ThereisclearandconfirmedevidencefortheactiveVenusianvolcanoesonVenus.C. SomeevidenceofperiodiclavaflowshasbeenfoundbyNASAastronauts.D. Magellanwillconductafollow-upcompletesurveyoftheVenus'surface.原文出處：http:SectionCDirections

53、:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencesgiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.However,facialrecognitionseemsmerelytoencodethem.B. Researchshowthatartificialintelligencecanreconstructthefacialstructuresofpeople.C. Anyonewithaphon

54、ecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.D. Technologyisrapidlycatchingupwiththehumanabilitytoreadfaces.E. Continuousfacialrecordingthatpaintscomputerizeddataontotherealworldmightchangethetextureofsocialinteractions.F. Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandis

55、crucialtotheformationofcomplexsocieties.NowhereToHide:WhatMachinesCanTellFromYourFaceThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.67.Soistheface'sabilitytosendemotionasignals,whetherthroughtheunconsciousshameorthetrickofafalsesmile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglives,intheofficeandthecourtroomaswellastheb

56、arandthebedroom,readingfaces,forsignsofattraction,hostility,trustanddeceit.Theyalsospendplentyoftimetryingtohidetheirfeelings,intentionsornature.68.InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippersendance;'attinBritain,byretailerstospotpastshoplifters.ThisyearWelshpoliceusedittoarrest

57、asuspectoutsideafootballgame.InChinaitconfirmstheidentitiesofride-hailingdrivers,permitstouriststoenterattractionsandletspeoplepayforthingswithasmile.Apple'snewiPhoneisexpectedtouseittounlockthehomescreenSetagainsthumanskills,suchapplicationsmightseemenhancive.Somebreakthroughs,suchasflightorthe

58、internet,obviouslytransformhumanabilities.69.Althoughfacesarepeculiartoindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,intrudeonsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyseimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavastscalepromisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.70.Maskingtruefeelingshelpsfixthew