(完整word版)初中英語常見?？家谆煸~用法辨析

1、初中英語常見?？家谆煸~用法辨析七年級(jí)1 besides , except, except for,but(1) besides包括后面所提及的人或物在內(nèi)，“除、之外還(又)”。Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.(2) except不包括后面所提及的人或物在內(nèi)，“拋開、不談”。Twenty-five students went to the cinema except him.(3) except for不包括后面所提及的人或物在內(nèi)的“除了” ,后面跟的詞與句子 的主語不屬于同類。Your article is very go

2、od except for some mistakes.(4) but 常與 every,any,all,none,no以及它們與 thing ,body,where構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞等 連用。有的已經(jīng)成為了慣用語，如：all but幾乎，除、之外全部，anything but除、之外都”，nothing but 只不過是、”。There is nothing but a cup on the table.練習(xí)：1) All the questions are easy the last one.2) Do you think of nothing watching football?3) His

3、composition is good for some mistakes.4) He has many relatives his uncle living in Shanghai.5) Do you know any other language English?2 reach , arrive in/at , get to(1) reach +ft點(diǎn)，“到達(dá)”。(2) arrive in+大地方，arrive at+小地方，“抵達(dá)、達(dá)到某地(尤指行程的終點(diǎn))(3) get to+地點(diǎn)，“到達(dá)”。(4)當(dāng)arrive in/at和get to后面跟的是地點(diǎn)副詞 here,there,hom

4、巡，則省略介詞 in/at/to。(5)當(dāng)只表明“到了”，而未表明地點(diǎn)時(shí)用arriveo練習(xí)：1) My sister school at 7a.m every day.2) Uncle Li New York the day before yesterday.3) You can the railway station by bus.4) My father at 8:00 this morning by airplane.5) How did you home yesterday afternoon?6) Do you how to there ?7) I will tel you how

5、 to here,so d not worry.3 at the end of , in the end , by the end of(1) at the end of指某段時(shí)間的結(jié)束或某段路程的終止處，“在、結(jié)束時(shí)”， “在、盡頭”。Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last term.At the end of this street you will find a bookshop.(2) in the end 相當(dāng)于 at last finally, “最后，終于”。In the end they caught the th

6、ief.(3) by the end of用于過去完成時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，“到、末為止”。By the end of last term we have learned five English songs.This question will have been answered by the end of today.練習(xí)：1) We will have an English exam January.2) I am sure everything will turn out satisfactory.3) the meeting,everyone stood up to give the app

7、lause.4) last month, I had planted thousands f trees.5) it , one, that(1) it代替上文所提到的那個(gè)事物，一般指物，不指人?？梢源鎲螖?shù)可數(shù)名 詞或不可數(shù)名詞。復(fù)數(shù)形式是they或them。I have 50 yuan. My uncle gave it to me last week.(2) one代替上文出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)名詞，以免重復(fù)。泛指代人或物。所指代的人 或物屬于同類事物中不同的一個(gè)，即替代的是一個(gè)帶有不定冠詞的可數(shù)名 詞的單數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式是onesI have lost my old watch.This is

8、a new one.(3) that代替前面同類不同一的事物。可以代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。代替可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)形式是those that不可以替代表示人的名詞，它可 以根據(jù)語義在后面加上一些定語，多數(shù)是 of的短語；他的前面不能存在任 何定語。The water in wells is cleaner than that in the rivers.練習(xí)：1) Do you need an English-Chinese dictionary ? I have.2) The language used in advertisementsdiffers from used in ordin

9、ary readings.3) The color of the jacket is better than of mine.4) I saw only one motorcar in the shop.Would you go and buy5) Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose .5 look for, look up , find , find out(1) look for “尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過程。(2) Look up “查找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)查字典、電話號(hào)碼。(3) Find ”找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”

10、，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。(4) Find out ”查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)，了解”，指的是經(jīng)過認(rèn)真觀察、調(diào)查或研究把某事 或某物查出來、搞清楚，多用于復(fù)雜而不容易直接查出的情況。練習(xí)：1) Im my watch,but I cadt it.2) If you do not know the words , you can them in thedictionary.3) I it difficult to learn English well.4) The teacher wanted to who had broken the door.6) as well, as well as(1) as well相當(dāng)于

11、also, too “也，又”。常放在句子末尾，無需用逗號(hào)與句子分 開。I am going to London and my sister is going as well.(2) as well as “也，還”。常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分。連接連個(gè)并列的主語 時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語保持一致；翻譯時(shí)先翻譯后面，在翻譯前面。Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.練習(xí)：1) The teachers the students are working overtime.2) They played all kinds of instruments

12、and sang.7 rather than , instead of , in place of(1) rather than和 would 連用時(shí)構(gòu)成 would ratherthan“寧愿、而不愿、” 的句式，表示主觀愿望，在兩者中擇一。She would rather die than lose her children.rather than不和would連用時(shí)，表示客觀事實(shí)，“是、而不是、；與其、 不如、”。它的并列成分可以是名詞，代詞，形容詞，介詞(短語)，動(dòng)名 詞，分句，不定式，動(dòng)詞等等。Rather than連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng) 該和前面的主語保持一致。Rather t

13、han連接兩個(gè)不定式時(shí)，不定式可以帶 to,也可以不帶to。He is an explorer rather than a sailor.You rather than I are going to go camping.I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.(2) instead of “代替”，“做、而不做、”。My parents just called me.Im afraid I have to have dinner with them instead of shopping with you tonight.(3) in pl

14、ace of “代替”。著重強(qiáng)調(diào)一種物質(zhì)替換另一種物質(zhì)。Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.練習(xí)：1) He ran walked.2) making progress,my work actually seems to be going backwards.3) William talked at the meeting the manager who was sick.8 alive, living(1) alive 活著的，有生命的”，和系動(dòng)詞be連用，著重表示一種狀態(tài)，作表0He was still alive a

15、fter the car accident.(2) Living “有生命的，生活的”，在句子中作定語，放在所修飾的名詞的前面 或代詞的后面。There are no living things on the moon.練習(xí)：1) The General was caught by the energy.2) You can ask him about it.He is a dictionary.9 sound , voice, noise(1) sound指的是自然界的一切聲音，是聲音的總稱；(2) Voice指的是說話人的聲音；(3) Noise指的是噪音。There was a stra

16、nge sound outside.She has a beautiful voice.Dont make so much noise.練習(xí)：1) At midnight he heard a strange from the next room.2) Dont make any in class.3) When the teacher came into the classroom ,our monitor spoke in a loud “stand up.10 say , speak, talk , tell(1) say+內(nèi)容(+ 語言),“說。Say goodbye / a word

17、.Say it in English,please.Can you understand what she said.(2) speak皓言,“講話”。Would you please speak Chinese,please? I c anunderstand you.(3) talk 講話，談?wù)?，談?。talk to / with /aboutThey were talking about a film when the teacher came in.(4) tell ”告訴，講述”。tell+抽象的整體tell a storytell sth to sb , tell sb (abo

18、ut) sth , tell sb (not) to do sthI ll tell her the news as soon as I see her.練習(xí)：1 Jack: Im going to a story to my students this afternoon.JessicaA re you going it in Chinese or in English?A tell , say B say, tell C tell, speak D tell, tell 2 His parents are Chinese,but he can thinese. CA tellB sayC

19、talkD speak3 Miss White often us “ Never give up! ”A tellsB speaksC saysD talks4 My mother me to buy some apples on my way home today.A spokeB talkedC toldD said5 Mary a story in English in class yesterday morning.A saidB spokeC talked D told6 Please goodbye to the teacher.A tellB sayC talkD speak7

20、Tom is with Miss Li in the classroom.A speaking B saying C talkingD telling8 We often about movie stars after class.A sayingB tellingC speakingD talking9 He was vey angry and he didn t a word.A sayB talkC speakD tell10 Janet is from Australia.She can tell a story English and Chinese.A speakB sayC ta

21、lkD in11 be used to do sth , be used to doing sth , used to do sth(1) be used to do sth 是 use sth to do sth 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，“被用來做、” Nowadays,robots are used to do some dangerous things instead of human.(2) be/get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做、，be/get 是系動(dòng)詞，used 是形容詞, to是介詞。The man was used to living in the countrysid

22、e.(3) used to do sth “過去常常做、”。When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions,for examplelow does darkness happen?練習(xí)：1) I live in London,but now I am living in Paris.2) The knife cut things.3) He living alone several months later.12 be famous for, be famous as(1) be famous for相當(dāng)于 be known f

23、or “以、而聞名”。 The town is famous for its beautiful scenery.(2) be famous as 作為、出名；以、身份而聞名”。Zhou Jielun is famous as a singer.練習(xí)：France his fine food and wine,Thomas Edison a greater inventor.13 watching sb do sth , watch sb doing sth(1) watch sb do sth “看見某人做過、”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程。I watch the thief steal the bo

24、ok from the desk.Did she watch the children cross the road?(2) watch sb doing sth “看見某人正在做、”。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。I watch the thief stealing the book from the desk.She watched the children crossing the road.(3)類似用法的詞有see , hear等。練習(xí)：1我看見小明正在教室寫作業(yè)。2老師看著孩子們過馬路了嗎?14 cross , across, through(1) cross 是動(dòng)詞，across和 thro

25、ugh 是介詞。They crossed the river by the boat.(2) across 橫穿，橫過”，指的是從物體的表面上穿過。I swam across the river 20 years ago.(3) through “貫通，直穿，透日”，指的是立體空間中的穿過。They walked slowly through the woods.The sunshine shone in the bedroom through the window.練習(xí)：1) Go the road, and you will see the post office on your left

26、.2) The sunlight comes the glass.3) Be careful when you the street.15 in a way, in this way, by the way , on the way(1) in a way 在某種程度上；土某種意義上”。In a way, it is a good book.(2) In this way用這種辦法In this way, you can speak English well.(3) On the way 在路上，在途中”。On the way home my father told me a story.(4

27、) By the way “順便說”。By the way, have you seen the film before?練習(xí)：1) ,do you have any idea where the post office is?2) She is to the park.3) The work should be done.4) ,he was right.16. Stop to do sth , stop doing sth(1) stop to do sth停下來去做某事。As soon as the teacher left, students stopped to talk.(2) s

28、top doing sth 停止做某事。The students stopped talking as soon as they saw the teacher.(3) stop .from doing sth 阻止、做、Please stop them from playing fire.練習(xí)：1) we should(cut) down trees.2) He watched TV for half an hour.At 8:00 he(do)his homework.3) He(watch) TV and began to read English.17 take part in , j

29、oin in , join(1) take part in參加”，指的是參加群眾性活動(dòng)或會(huì)議，并在其中起一定的作用。These days, students take part in many activities.(2) join ”參加，加入”，指的是加入組織、團(tuán)體、黨派等，成為其中的一員。He joined the army in 1998 and joined the Party the next year.(3) join in ”參加某活動(dòng)”，后面跟的賓語一般是表示競(jìng)賽，游戲，娛樂等活動(dòng) 的名詞，常用語join sb in (doing ) sth的短語中。Everyone sho

30、uld join in the game.Let s join them in the game.我們和他們一起玩游戲吧。練習(xí)：1)2)3)4)I will never forget the day when I All the students are happy to Will you usI hope you will allthe Party.the interesting school activities. a game of cards?the discussion.18 be familiar to , be familiar with(1)be familiar to “某事

31、對(duì)某人是熟悉的，主語一定是sth。Your name is very familiar to me.(2)be familiar with “某人對(duì)某事是精通的、熟悉的，主語一定是sb。He has become familiar with the city.練習(xí):1) I_verythe song because I have listened tome.for many times.2) The photo19 few , little, a few, a little否定“幾乎不”肯定“一些”修飾可數(shù)名詞fewa few修飾/、口數(shù)名詞littlea littleThere is lit

32、tle bread in the fridge.I will go and buy some .There are a few books on the desk.There are few books on the desk.練習(xí)：1)這些書沒幾本容易倒我能夠讀懂。Very of books care easy enough for me .2)我們沒有從他們那里得到什么幫助。We got help from them.3)進(jìn)來喝點(diǎn)威士忌。Come in and drinkwhisky.4)我的時(shí)間很寶貴，我只能夠給你幾分鐘。My time is precious. I can only g

33、ive you minutes.20 have gone to , have been to , have been in(1) have gone to “去了”，可能在途中或在目的地，人還沒回來。My father has gone to Shanghai and will be back in a week.(2) Have been to “到過”，曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)回來了。He has been to Shanghai three times.(3) Have been in碘點(diǎn)+一段時(shí)間“在某地停留了一段時(shí)間”。He has been in Hangzhou for thre

34、e years.練習(xí)：1. Mike and his parents the north for half a year.2. Mum is not at home now. she the shop.3. you ever kunming ? Never.4. Where you these days?5. Has Jim arrived yet?Yes, he here for several days.6. Where is Peter? I don t know where he.7. Hi Jim! Where you? Li Lei is looking for you.八年級(jí)1

35、see , look, watch,read, notice100k指的是有意識(shí)的觀看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，其后接賓語時(shí)，一定要加介詞at。 Look! What are they doing?see指的是視覺器官有意識(shí)或無意識(shí)的看到的物體，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果，意為 看 見，看到。如看醫(yī)生see the doctor看電影see a film。I looked but saw nothing.watch觀看、注視”，指的是以較大的注意力觀看。常用于看比賽watch amatch,看電視 watch TV。His father often watches TV in the evening.read本為饃”

36、，看書、看信、看報(bào)紙等常用readDon t read in the bed.5 notice “注意到，看到”，指的是有意識(shí)的注意，含有從不注意到注意的變化。 He noticed a purse lying on the ground.練習(xí)：1 .They are going to a football match this afternoon.2 .Li Lei is a letter from his parents.3 .The teacher asked us to the blackboard.4 .What can you in the picture?5 .Dont out

37、of the window as you are having an important lesson.6 She that there was a little man under the tree.2 be made of, be made from, be made into(1)be made of由、制成”，指在成品中可以看出原材料，如木制的桌椅、家具等，具制作過程只發(fā)生了物理變化。The chair is made of wood.be made from某物的、制成”指制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作過程中發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化，在成品中已經(jīng)無法辨認(rèn)。Wine is

38、 made from grapes.(3) be made into某種原料、可以制成某種成品”指某種原料被制成某種產(chǎn)品，與be made of/ from正好相反。be made into的主語是原料，其后跟產(chǎn)品。Grapes can be made into wine.練習(xí)：(1) The vase wood,it is very light to carry.(2) The oil the seed.How wonderful!(3) Can such kind of leather shoes?3 as well as , not onlybut also.不僅、而且、； 既、又、(1

39、) as well as連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和as well as前面的主語保持一致。The students as well as the English teacher are going to take part in the meeting.(2) Not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和but also后面的主語保持一致。Not only the students but also the English teacher is going to take part in the meeting.練習(xí)：1) The children their par

40、ents are having a meeting at the schoolplayground now.2) the students their parents are having a meeting at theschool playground.4 in front of, in the front of(1) in front of 在、的前面”，兩者不在同一整體即范圍外。There is a big tree in front of my house.(2) In the front of 在、的前面”，兩者在同一整體即范圍內(nèi)。There is a big desk in th

41、e front of the classroom.練習(xí)：1) The driver is the bus.He is driving the bus now.2) the house,there are some apple trees.5 spend , pay , take, cost spent錢 + on sthSb隊(duì))+ spend 時(shí)間+ with sb (花時(shí)間與某人一起度過)時(shí)間 + (in) doing sth1) I often spend the holiday with my parents.2) I often spend two hours doing my hom

42、ework every night.(介詞 in 可以省略)3) I often spend two hours on my homework every night. paidpay 僦 +for sth (人+buy sth for sb)sb(A) pay for sth (人+buy sth for+錢)I paid five yuan for the book. =I bought the book for five yuan.I paid forthe book. tookIt+takes / took +sb+寸問+to do sth (it是形式主語，to do sth是真正的

43、主語) It took me two hours to read this book.It takes her half an hour to go to school on foot every day. costSth(物)+ cost + sb 錢 / too much練習(xí)一：選擇正確的答案。( )1.I want to spend my birthday my best friends.A.onB.inC.withD.at( )2.My mother often spends about one hour meals.A.cookB.cooking C.to cookD.to cook

44、ing( )3.We spent two hours the meeting.A.onB.inC.withD.at( )4. How long do you usually spend your homework every day?A. do B. doing C. to do D. to doing()5.He two hundred yuan for this book.A spent B paid C took D cost練習(xí)二：.他花一年的時(shí)間寫完這本小說。He one year writing this novel.練習(xí)三：1) .You shouldn t too much f

45、or clothes.2) .Don t too much time playing computer games.3) .The magazine 20 dollars. It s not very cheap.4) .It me twenty minutes to walk to school each day.6 lay, lie動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Lay卜蛋；產(chǎn)卵；放置LaidlaidLayingLie位于；躺LayLainLyingLie撒謊liedLiedlying_練習(xí)：1) The hen an egg yesterday.2) I it on the table.3

46、) The supermarket in the center of the city.4) He is now.5) The child to the teacher about his reason for being late.6) The hens began eggs in October.泛 指特 指充當(dāng)名詞單數(shù)充當(dāng)名詞復(fù)數(shù)充當(dāng)形容 詞otherVVthe otherVV （表示兩者當(dāng)中的另外一個(gè)）VothersVVthe othersVVanotherI，（二者或二者以上中的另一 個(gè)）V7other, the other, others, the othersOther +名詞復(fù)

47、數(shù) =othersThe other 鉆詞復(fù)數(shù) =the othersanother加數(shù)名詞One the other。.一個(gè)、另一個(gè)、Some others有些、有些、有些、We should think of other people as well as ourselves.Where are the other students in your class?We should take care of others?One of the teachers is in the office,the others are having a meeting.This dress is too

48、 long,please give me another.The cake is delicious.Can I have another piece?練習(xí)：1 .Do you have any question(s)?2 .He has two daughters. One is a nurse,is a worker.3 .Some of us like singing and dancing,go in for sports.4 .Two boys will go to the zoo, and will stay at home.5 .He is very clever. He may

49、 be Edison.6 .A few students are playing soccer while are watching them.7 .Two of the ten boys are standing and are sitting round them1.1 ve bought two pens. One from Beijing,from Tianjin.1.5 he has more concern for than for herself.10 .Four of them are in the classroom. What about?11 .Please give m

50、e chance.8 when , while, as(1) when ”在、的時(shí)候”，可以指“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“時(shí)間段”，從句的謂語動(dòng) 詞可以是短暫性動(dòng)詞也可以是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。When I got home ,he was having dinner.When I was young , I liked dancing.(3) while只可以指“時(shí)間段”從何的謂語動(dòng)詞只能夠用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，經(jīng)常用 于進(jìn)行時(shí)。While I was sleeping, a thief in.The phone rang while he was doing homework.(4)當(dāng)從何的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，只能

51、夠用 when引導(dǎo)從句，不能夠 用 while oWhen you have finished your homework, you may have a rest.(5) as一邊一邊” “隨著、”，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)連兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或伴隨而行。They talked as they walked.As time goes by, the trees all got old.練習(xí)：1) we were swimming sunddenly a storm started.2) I was passing bythe accident happened.3) I used to do some rea

52、ding I was waiting for the bus in the pass.4) She likes listening to music she does homework.5) The bell rang I was doing housework.9 in the east of , to the east of , on the east of(1) in the east of 在、的東部”，of的賓語所指的范圍之內(nèi)的東西。Shanghai is in the east of China.(2) to the east of 在、以東”，即位于of的賓語所指的范圍以外的東方

53、。Japan is to the east of China.(3) on the east of 在東面與、毗鄰”，強(qiáng)調(diào)相接壤。Chaoxian is on the east of China.練習(xí)：1) Taiwan lies of Fujian.2) Zhejiang is of China.3) Guangdong is Yuannan.4) Guangdong is Guangxi.10 if , whether引導(dǎo)賓語從何時(shí)whether和if 一般情況下可以通用，但在if表示“如果”的意思時(shí)引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，不能和 whether互換。I dont know if / whe

54、ther he is right.If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.在以下情況，只能夠用whether： 在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，用whether。 如：Let me know whether or not he will come.I wonder whether we stay or whether we go在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes EnglishWere thinking about whethe

55、r we can finish the work on time.在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old manHe hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by trai nwhether置于復(fù)合旬的旬首 時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從何 時(shí)用whether如：Whether she will come is still a question.若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether如：a. Please let me know if you like the book 可理解為：b.If you like the book, please let me know 你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我練習(xí)：1) He asked me to start early.2) I dont know they will come or not.3) I dont know you can help me.4