初中英語名詞專練名詞的數(shù)以及名詞的格專項練習(xí)

1、名詞 名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞。（1） 專有名詞表示具體的人名，食物名，地名 ，機(jī)構(gòu)名，國名，月份，和節(jié)日燈的名詞稱為專 名詞。the WTO December Singapore the Changjiang River 注意：專有名詞中各單詞的第一個字母需要大寫，但其中的虛詞，如冠詞，介詞，連詞等 一般不大寫， 如 the United Nations 聯(lián)合國， the Peoples republic of China 中華人 民共和國，也可以把專有名詞的所以字母都大寫。（2） 普通名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1 可數(shù)名詞又可分為個體名詞和集體名詞。 個體名詞如： book, stu

2、dent, key. 集體名詞如：army, police, family, people. 2 不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。 物質(zhì)名詞如： water, wind, glass, steel. 抽象名詞如：honesty, love, youth. 名詞在句中可以作主語，賓語，補足語，表語，同位語，稱呼語，狀語，定語等。This country is famous for tea. （作主語）Of all the vegetables, I like potatoes best. （作動詞賓語）Someone in the next room is singing a popular

3、song about love. （作介詞賓語）We are making our school a beautiful garden. ( 作補足語）Happiness is the true value of life. （作表語）These seats are for us students, and those are for the teachers. ( 作同位語） Monica, wont you come in? （作稱呼語）Well meet on Monday. (作狀語）In the South of China, there grow many banana trees

4、. (作定語） 注意：大多數(shù)情況下，名詞用單數(shù)形式作定語，但只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作定語仍用復(fù)數(shù)。 a paper basket 一個紙簍 a shoe factory 一家鞋廠 a film star 一位電影明星a clothes shop 一家服裝店a glasses store 一家眼鏡店a goods train 一列運送貨物的火車 名詞的數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞一、規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：（六種）1. 直接加-s 例 bags2. 以-s,-x, -sh,-ch結(jié)尾，在后加上-es. 例bus-buses box-boxes3. 以o結(jié)尾的除potato(馬鈴薯)、tomato(西紅柿)、hero(英雄)加

5、es，其余直接加s。 4. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es, 除了roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives roof roofs5. 以輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾，變y為i 再加-es. 例 city-cities 以元音字母+-y 結(jié)尾，直接加-s. 例：boys6. 以th結(jié)尾的名詞，一般加-s. 例：paths(小道）二、不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. 變內(nèi)部元音的情況。woman- women man-menpoliceman-policemenEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen chairman-cha

6、irmenfoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese2. 詞尾發(fā)生變化的情況。child-children ox-oxen3. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同 常用分以下幾類：表示動物的名詞deer 鹿，fish 魚，sheep 綿羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese 中國人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 親屬craft及由-craft構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機(jī)，aircraft 飛機(jī)， spacecraft 太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred百，thousand千，million百萬，dozen一打， score 二十其他series 系列

7、；species種類；means方法 works（工廠）crossroads 十字路口注意：某國人的表達(dá)法： a Chinese- two Chinese a Japanese-tow Japanese A Frenchman- two Frenchmen a Englishman- two Englishmen I am a Chinese= I am Chinese I am English= I am an Englishman 特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. 集體名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，有些集體名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，同時也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 goods商品 clothes 服裝 tha

8、nks 感謝2. 有些集體名詞只有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 police 警察 people3. 有些集體名詞常以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，側(cè)重整體概念表示單數(shù)意義，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若表示多個這樣的整體有復(fù)數(shù)變化形式，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。側(cè)重整體中的成員表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Almost every family in the country owns a television. These children are all from single-parent families.His family are all Beijing opera f

9、ans.4. 有些集體名詞總是不可數(shù)，只用單數(shù)形式. Poetry詩歌 jewelry珠寶 clothing衣服 furniture 家具5.身兼二職的名詞對照表glassfish chickentime 可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時間orange lightpaper hair 可數(shù)橘子電燈報紙/試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidea lifework可數(shù)練習(xí)題主意/意見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機(jī)青年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗interest room可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空

10、間【注意】1. family, class等詞作為一個整體時視為單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其家庭/族成員或班級成員時視為復(fù)數(shù)；2. 部分有生命的集體名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的概念： police指警察、警官的總稱，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。The police(主語)+謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù) people指人們、人民，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)。(The)people+謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)people指民族，有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六個民族三、合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. 中間沒有連字符也沒有間隔的合成名詞將最后一個名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。birthday-birthdaysblackboard-blackboards2. 中間

11、有連字符或間隔的合成名詞將其中主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。daughter-in-law -daughters-in-laweditor-in chief-editors-in-chief3. 組成合成名詞的單詞中沒有名詞時，則在最后一個詞的詞尾加-s。go-between-go-betweens(中間人） hang-up-hang-ups（障礙） 四、有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：有的名詞當(dāng)具有不同的含義時，其相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式也不相同。penny 當(dāng)作“便士”講，側(cè)重面值時，復(fù)數(shù)為pence;當(dāng)作為“便士”講側(cè)重枚數(shù)時，復(fù)數(shù)為pennies.two pence 兩便士 four pennies 四個一便士的硬幣

12、people意為“人，人們”時，本身即為復(fù)數(shù)；people還有“民族”的意思，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式為peoples.two people兩個人 fifty-six peoples 五十六個民族fish 指魚的“條數(shù)”時，其復(fù)數(shù)形式仍為“fish”，作為“魚的種類”講時，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為“fishes”，指餐桌上的“魚肉”時，是不可數(shù)名詞。Two fish 兩條魚 two different fishes 兩種不同的魚Help yourself to some fish. 不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一、常見的不可數(shù)名詞： air 空氣 chalk 粉筆 hair 頭發(fā) meat 肉 money 金

13、錢orange橙汁rice 大米silk 絲綢water 水wood 木頭fire 火beef 牛肉coal 煤food 食物health 健康 metal 金屬 music 音樂paper 紙salt 鹽snow 雪weather 天氣 wool 羊毛 ink 墨水 bread 面包 coffee 咖啡 fruit水果 ice 冰milk 牛奶noise 噪聲pork 豬肉sand 沙子time 時間wind 風(fēng)work工作advice 建議blood 血液news新聞fun 樂趣二、可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞的物質(zhì)名詞1. 有些物質(zhì)名詞在表達(dá)不同意義時可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。wind 風(fēng)- a wind

14、一陣風(fēng)rain 雨 - a rain 一場雨snow 雪- a snow 一場雪tea 茶- a tea 一杯茶beer 啤酒- a beer 一杯啤酒coffee咖啡- a coffee 一杯咖啡glass 玻璃- a glass 一個玻璃杯 2. 有些物質(zhì)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)特殊含義。rains 大量的雨水，多場雨 woods 森林winds 陣風(fēng)，多場風(fēng) times 時代 waters 水域 sands 沙灘；沙丘seas 海域glasses 眼鏡papers 試卷；論文；報紙三、可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞的抽象名詞：抽象名詞一般視為不可數(shù)名詞，但表示具體事物時，可用作可數(shù)名詞，可被a/an修飾，也

15、可有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“某種人或物”。beauty 美人或美麗的事物danger 令人感到危險的人或事success 成功的人或事surprise 令人感到驚訝的人或事worry 令人感到煩惱的人或事failure 失敗的人或事 名詞的格：分為主格，賓格和所有格。名詞主格和賓格相同，一般都是名詞本身。 名詞所有格是表示所屬關(guān)系的一種形式，有-s 所有格，of所有格和雙重所有格三種。 -s所有格的構(gòu)成1. 一般情況下，在名詞詞尾加-s. Dicks hobby. 迪克的愛好。2. 若名詞已有以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，直接在其后加撇號-. My parents hope. 我父母的希望。 3. 不

16、以-s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，直接在其后加-s. Childrens time 孩子的時間。 -s 所有格的用法1. -s所有格大多表示有生命的名詞的所有關(guān)系。Lucys bag Marys family 2. 表示兩人或多人共有時，只變化最后一個名詞的詞尾；如果為各自所有，各個名詞的詞尾都要變化。John and Susans father. Japans and Americas problems.3. 不定代詞，疑問代詞或疑問副詞后有時帶else,表示“另外的，其他的”，其所有格形式在else后變化，用elses.The e-dictionary is not mine. Its someone

17、 elses. of 所有格1. 用于無生命的事物 Beijing is the capital of China.2. 用于名詞化的詞 The life of the poor is the biggest problem in this country. 雙重所有格-s所有格和of 所有格結(jié)合在一起表示的所有關(guān)系叫作雙重所有格，表示整體中的一個或一部分。兩種形式：a. 名詞+of+-s所有格 b. 名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞 a cousin of my fathers several friends of mine 練習(xí)：He is a friend of my _(brother )

18、. Is she a daughter of _(you)?教學(xué)練習(xí)一將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. hero _ 2. piano _ 3. family _4. knife _ 5. bus _ 6. photo_7. potato _ 8. sheep _ 9. tooth_ 10. policeman _ 11. child _ 12. postman _13. watch _ 14.house _ 15.mouse_二請歸類可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，將該單詞的編號寫在相應(yīng)的位置上。A.book B.milk C.rice D.bun E.soup F.waterG.tea H.hambur

19、ger I.bread J.money K.paper L.deskM.toy N.baby O.season P.egg Q.coffee R.computer S.tree T.meat U.pork V.tooth W.room X.pen Y.beef Z.chair 1.可數(shù)_ 2.不可數(shù) _三選擇填空。1. They come from different _.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many _ do you see in the picture ?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomat

20、o D.the tomato3. Id like a _ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.A potato B banana C candy D pie 4. She was very happy. She_in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake5. _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C.

21、 Knife/using D. Knives/using6. remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave7. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 8. When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news9. He is hungry. Give him _

22、 to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads10. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies11. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day12.-Is the broom under

23、 _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine13. Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms14. The football under the bed is_。A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys15. This is m

24、y _ dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys16. He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors17. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sisterB. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister18. In a few_ time, thos

25、e mountains will be covered with trees.A. year B. years C. years D. years19. Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes20. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty

26、 minutes walk四、根據(jù)句意，用方框中所給的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞僅限用一次。tomato room mistake sheep hand knife excite gift true dentist 3. The audience clapped and shouted with _ when the performer appeared.4. Alice was so careless that she mad many _ in her homework.5. Tim, could you please tell me the _?6. This is Tom and Mar

27、ys _.7. These chocolates are all made by _.8. In Britain, people not only use_ to cut things but also use them to have meals.9. Joanna received many _ when graduating from middle school.10. If theres something wrong with your teeth, youd better go to see a _.11. We need some yogurt, two _ and some h

28、oney to make the salad.12. Australia is famous for its _. 一寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday_4. city_ 5. dress _6. Englishman _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _9. zoo _10. exam_ 11. German _二單詞拼寫1. I have a lot of _(作業(yè)) to do every day. 2. His _(褲子) are new, but mine are old.3. It is the best o

29、ne of the _ (照片) in my family.4. Are they building any _ (圖書館) in the city?5. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)? 6. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year. 7. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v_. 8. I like a_. Its neither hot nor cold.9. T_ comes after Monday.

30、三 選擇題1.June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A. Childs B. Childs C. ChildrensD. Childrens2.September 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it?A. TeachersB. TeachersC. TeacherD. Teacher of3._ is made of _.A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses4.This is _ news.A. such a good B.

31、 a very good C. so good a D. such good5.What _ it is! Lets go swimming. A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather6.They like Chinese _.A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people7.Lucy and I go to school _ every day.A. on feetB. on footC. by footsD. b

32、y buses8. Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.來源：A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows9. What are you listening to, Jane? _ or _?A. a music; a newsB. music; newsC. music; newsD. music; a news10.How many _ and _ are there in your class?A. boy student; girl onesB. girls students

33、; boys onesC. boys student; girl oneD. girl students; boy ones11.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans12. That bus driver drank two _.A. glass of waterB. glasses of watersC. cups of teaD. cup of tea 13. Mrs.

34、 Smith is an old friend of _.A. Bobs motherB. Bobs mothersC. mother of BobD. Bob mothers14. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher.A. Tom and CarlB. Toms and CarlsC. Tom and Carls15. There is _ tree in our school.A. a 8-metres-tallB. an-8-metre-tallC. an 8 metres tall典型例題講解1. They got much _ from

35、 those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk

36、4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. She has been

37、 in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her

38、uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking w

39、ith two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.” A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees

40、15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions三 鞏固訓(xùn)練：1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teacher

41、s2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a ne

42、w _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives i

43、n _.A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jacks room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of fur

44、nitures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays12. Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutes B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-word B. 1000 wordsC.

45、a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isnt fit for the work. Please get me _.A. someth

46、ing else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. Chinas population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weight B. The boxs weightC. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight19

47、. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoes B. shoeC. shoes D. shoes20. What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very important B. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. Im going to call

48、at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the BlacksC. Mr Blacks D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to he