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1、藥 學 專業(yè)英 語Pharmaceutical English曾愛華藥科學院藥學綜合教研esson oneVitaminsWhat are vitamins?Would you tell me. Key to the textComparison of vitaminsnamediseasefoodVA(fat soluble脂溶性的)eye diseaseMilk butter egg carrot corn玉米 green vegetableVDRickets佝僂病Fish liver oil (sunlight)魚肝油 VB1(water soluble )B
2、eriberi腳氣病Butter cod-liver oil fat of eggVB2Perleche口角炎Meat milk eggVCScurvy壞血病Orange lemon cabbage turnip tomatoMain sentencesl Do you know that is possible to eat large amounts of food and still starve?l Foods contain tiny substances that body needs for good health l Scientists called these substa
3、nces vitamins and named them by the letters of the alphabetIf Vitamin A is deficient, people will l 脫發(fā)alopecia 頭皮屑多 scurfl 皮膚干 粗糙 皮膚癢 長痘 coarse pruritus poxl 眼怕光 視力下降 眼干澀 眼球外突 intolerance of light eyesight evaginationl 牙齒不牢Main sentencesl Vitamin A promotes growth, keep strong 、active and protect ag
4、ainst some eye diseases.l It is found in foods like milk ,butter, eggs, green vegetables, corn and carrotsIf Vitamin B1 is deficient, people will l 色斑 colored spot l 食欲不振 poor appetite l 肌肉無力 Muscle weaknessl 記憶力差 poor memoryl 眼睛無光 burnish Main Sentencel The antiberiberi substance at first was calle
5、d an accessory food factor l The vitamin for curing beriberi is called thiamin or vitamin B1l Nerve become inflamed and degeneratel If you get enough cereals 、peas 、eggs and tomatoes, you get a good supply of vitamin B1 l This keep your nerves in good condition and helps appetite and digestion If Vi
6、tamin B2 is deficient, people will l 口腔發(fā)炎 stomatitis inflame l 嘴角干裂 angulus oris xerochase l 上額油汪汪 foreheadl 精力不濟 poor energyMain Sentencel Vitamin B2 which is also called riboflavin keeps the skin, eyes and hair healthy, and it is plentiful in meat, milk and eggs. If Vitamin B6 is deficient, What w
7、ill happenl 脫發(fā) alopecie l 口臭 bad breath fetor oris, halitosis l 貧血 anaemia l 神經質 neuroticisml 皮膚損害 skin lesion l 虛弱 weaknessIf people can not have enough Vitamin C , What will happenl 牙齦出血 gingiva bleeding l 臉色蒼白 face palel 流鼻血 nose bleeding l 關節(jié)痛 arthralgia l 易感冒 common cold l 皮膚長紅痣 red nevus l 貧血
8、anaemiaMain Sentencel Sailors who went on long voyages would often get a dangerous disease called scurvyl Nowadays this scurvy-preventing material is called Vitamin Cl Vitamin cannot be stored very long in the body but must be replaced all the time 1932年4月3日,美籍生物化學家森特哲爾吉分離出維生素C,并因此獲得諾貝爾生理學獎。 瑞士的雷池斯坦
9、成功地進行了維生素C的人工合成,并于1934年在瑞士實現了維生素C的大量工業(yè)生產,投放市場。 1950年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎 If people can not have enough Vitamin D , What diseases will they have l 雞胸 pigeon breast l 骨質疏松 osteoporosis l 易骨折 bone fracture l 腳成弓形 foot bowl 牙齒松動 tooth looseMain Sentencel Vitamin D can be formed right in your skin by the action of su
10、nlightl This compound helps build calcium into the bone.l If the bones do not take up minerals properly, they become soft, and a disease called rickets may be the resultl Ordinary foods do not have much of this vitaminl So it is important to get as much sunshine as you canl The livers of fish are ri
11、ch in Vitamin A and DIf people can not have enough Vitamin E , What will happenl 色斑 colored spot l 躁動不安 restlessnessl 頭發(fā)分叉 hair bifurcationl 不育 sterilityMain Sentencel The best , safest and cheapest way to get Vitamins is by eating the proper foods though we can buy most of the important vitamins in
12、 the form of pills at the drug store.Word Study1. cod-liver2. inflame3. scurvy4. beriberi5. rickets6. nutrient1. dangerous danger2. quantity quality3. tomato potato4. deficient deficiency5. ordinary common6. organic inorganic7. absent absence8. present presence9. Nowadays now10. minute 分鐘 minit 極小的
13、mainjutUseful expressions Be defined as vitamins are defined as organic nutrients required in very small amounts and essential for growth and for good health. Differ from vitamins differ from other nutrients. Respond to People today often respond to advertising that emphasizes the vitamins content o
14、f food products Be more than Eating is much more fun than taking pills.Main Ideal This is a text about vitamins scientific knowledge. l From this text, we know Vitamins are defined as organic nutrients required in very small amounts and essential for growth and for health. l Diseases such beriberi、s
15、curvy and rickets that develop in the absence of vitamins are termed deficiency disease.translation1 研究人員發(fā)現普通感冒患者體內維生素C水平急劇下降,接近壞血病患者水平。l Researchers found that the level of Vitamin C in the body of the victim with a common cold fell drastically and was close to the level of people suffering from sc
16、urvy. 2 雖然只有當飲食中新鮮水果、蔬菜嚴重缺乏時人才會患上壞血病,但輕度維生素C缺乏癥還是普遍存在的。2 Minor degrees of vitamin C deficiency are common, though outright scurvy only occur when the diet is markedly deficient in fresh fruits and vegetable .3 維生素是有機物,必須通過飲食或肌肉注射予以補充,以維護身體健康。l Vitamins are organic compounds that must be supplied in
17、the diet or injected into the body to maintain health.4 維生素不產生能量,但卻在能量轉換及新陳代謝調節(jié)方面起著重要作用。l Vitamins produce no energy but play an essential role in the transformation of energy and in the regulation of metabolism.5維生素是按字母分類的,如維生素A、C、D、E、K和復合B等。l Vitamins are classified by the letters of the alphabet,
18、 such as Vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B-complex.6和其他營養(yǎng)素相比,維生素和礦物鹽的存在量較少,而需要也很少。l Vitamins and the minerals are found in small amounts and are needed in minute quantities, as compared with the other nutrients7由于維生素缺乏而引起的疾病叫維生素缺乏癥,例如,維生素A缺乏出現夜盲癥,維生素D缺乏出現佝僂病。l The diseases which develop from the abse
19、nce of vitamins are known as Vitamin deficiency diseases. For example, a lack of vitamin A brings about night blindness, a deficiency of vitamin D results in rickets.8 有些維生素溶解于脂肪,而其他的則溶解于水,故它們分別被稱為脂溶性和水溶性維生素。l Some Vitamins are soluble in fats whereas others are soluble in water. They are, therefore
20、, termed fat-soluble and water soluble Vitamins respectively. 9除了一般的營養(yǎng)素之外,另兩類營養(yǎng)素維生素和無機鹽或礦物鹽也是人體必需的。l Besides the common nutrient, another two kinds of nutrients - Vitamin and the inorganic salt or the mineral salt are also essential for the human body. 10 大多數食品含有多種營養(yǎng)素,但沒有哪一種食品囊括人體所需的所有營養(yǎng)素。l Most foo
21、ds contain more than one nutrients, but no single food contains all the nutrients in the amounts you need.In-class DiscussionQuestions on Comprehension & Appreciationl Do you think it is wiser and easier to take in Vitamins by buying the pills in the drug store than by eating the proper foods? Lesso
22、n threefoods that fight cancerAbout the textWord and expression be linked to Be associated with Snuff out Head off 攔截 Preparation Oral cavity Malignant tumor benign tumor mouse mice A good rule of thumb An all-round cancer packageMain sentences Why is diet now considered a major weapon against cance
23、r? Researchers find that what you eat may interfere with cancer growth at various stages. A recent review of 17 studies from 17 nations reveals that people who eat the most fruits and vegetables have about half the cancer rates of those who eat the least. Antioxidant in vegetables and fruits thought
24、 to protect against cancer is Beta-carotene which had a direct toxic effect in cells taken from malignant tumorsHigh in Beta-caroteneApricots Cantaloupe羅馬甜瓜Foods with fighting cancer were Tomatoes Green vegetables Pungent Preventives Citrus fruit Cruciferous vegetables Soybeans Wheat bran Law-fat mi
25、lk1. Tomato One of the compounds in tomatoes that is thought to reduce the risk of cancer is Lycopene,the pigment that makes tomato red. Limonene,an antioxidant that is also found in Watermelons and apricots ,quenchescertain cancer-triggering oxygen free radicals Lycopene is present in tomato produc
26、ts including sauces 、tomato pastes、 ketchup2. Green vegetable A recent Italian study showed dark-green leafy vegetables lower the risk of many cancerBroccoli kale lettuceBe chock-full of antioxidants,beta-carotene folate and luteinThe darker the vegetable, the more antioxidants within.3. Pungent Pre
27、ventivesGarlic onion scallionAllium vegetables, which include garlic, onions and scallions can block carcinogens that have been linked to colon, stomach, lung and liver cancer.Question:Why does garlic have cancer-inhibiting properties? Research suggests that garlic compounds may interfere with cance
28、r progression Garlic may antagonize existing cancer by boosting immune functions Garlics sulfur compounds increased the activity of macrophages and T-lymphocytes4. Citrus FruitLemon grapefruitWhy citrus fruit is called an all-round cancer package?BecauseIt possesses every class of natural substances
29、 that individually have neutralized powerful chemical carcinogens in animals.因為它含有可獨自中和動物體內強大的化學致癌物的各級天然物質(類胡蘿卜素、類黃酮等)Citrus fruit may be particularly effective in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer.5. Cruciferous VegetablesCabbage cauliflowerBroccoli 芥末 mustardBrussels sprouts turnipsQuestion:l
30、 Which cancers can Cruciferous Vegetables reduce the risk of ?AnswerCruciferous Vegetables may reduce the risk of breast cancerCruciferous Vegetables may also work to head off stomach and colon cancer6 soybeansQuestions on Comprehension & Appreciation1. How many soybeans are mentioned in the text?2.
31、 Why can soybeans inhibit cancer?Chickpea lentis kidney Pinto斑豆菜豆 navy blackwhite pinkBecause Soybeans contain at least five compounds believed to inhibit cancer Soybean constituents have been found to block colon, skin and other cancers by possibly slowing the growth and division of cancer cells .7
32、 wheat bran麥麩 Wheat bran may lower the risk of colon cancer. Wheat brans dietary intervention may work even after precancerous warning signs have appeared. A small amount of wheat bran cereal can caused premalignant colon polyps to shrink.8 Low fat milk The saturated fat in milk seems to promote cer
33、tain cancers. Drinkers of whole milk had high odds than non-milk-drinks of developing cancers of the oral cavity, stomach, colon, rectum, lung, bladder, breast and cervix. People drinking low-fat milk were less likely than non-milk-drinkers to develop cancers of the oral cavity, stomach, rectum and
34、cervix Why? Scientists suspect that elements such as calcium, riboflavin, or vitamins A, C and D (present in whole milk, too, but apparently less effective)may act as anti-cancer agents in ways not yet understood. 科學家們認為,諸如鈣、核黃素或維生素A、C和 D等成分(雖然全奶中亦有,但顯然作用不大)可能起著抗癌因子的作用,其作用方式還不甚清楚。It was advised one-
35、half cup of most cooked or raw fruits or vegetables, one cup of raw leafy vegetables, one medium piece of fresh fruit, or six ounces of fruit juice or vegetable juice.Main idea This text is about relation between diet and cancer. Diet is now considered a major weapon against cancer Research showed w
36、hat you eat may help to significantly reduced your risk. The ideal diet is low in fat and calories, high in fiber . it includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, seeds, nuts and low-fat animal proteins.Translation充分的統(tǒng)計資料證明,吸煙者較不吸煙者更有可能患肺、喉、及舌等部位的癌癥。 Th
37、e full statistical data proved that the smokers have the more possibility of developing ( or suffering from ) cancers of lung, throat, and tongue , etc ,than no-smokers. Overwhelming statistical evidence shows that smokers are more likely to develop cancers of lung, throat, and tongue than no-smoker
38、.2水果蔬菜富含多種抗氧化劑,該物質能殺滅被認為將誘發(fā)細胞癌變的無氧基。 The fruit、 vegetables are rich in many kinds of antioxidants, which can kill oxygen free radicals which were considered to induce the cell cancerization. Fruit and vegetables are chock-full of a variety of antioxidants which snuff out oxygen free radicals that ar
39、e thought to make cells more susceptible to cancer3均衡飲食將為肌體提供正常運轉所需的維生素、礦物鹽、蛋白質、淀粉及糖類等多種營養(yǎng)素。 The balanced diet will provide the organism with vitamin, mineral salt, protein, starch and sugar, etc, many kinds of nutrients for maintaining its normal work A well-balanced diet will give your body variou
40、s nutrients of vitamins, minerals, proteins, starches,and sugars that it needs to operate smoothly4患肺癌的危險性直接與每天吸煙的數量有關,數量越大,危險越大。 The risk of lung cancer is directly related with smokings amounts every day; the larger amounts, the higher risks. The risk of lung cancer is directly related to the numb
41、er of cigarettes smoked each day-the higher the number, the higher the risk.5甚至吸煙者亦可通過每天食用一些胡蘿卜、菠菜或其它蔬菜水果來預防肺癌。 Even the smoker may also prevent lung cancer by eating some carrots, spinach or other vegetables and fruits every day Even smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by daily por
42、tion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetables and fruits. 6對動物和人的一些研究表明,維生素A對肺癌有預防作用。 Some researches on animal and human Indicated that vitamin A has the preventive effect on lung cancer Some studies of animals and humans have suggested that Vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer7仍需進一步研究才能確定肺癌與胡蘿卜素之間的關聯(lián)。 Further study is still needed to determine the connection between lung cancer and carotene Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established.8動物實驗表明,大蒜有抑制結腸、胃等癌癥的作用。 The animal experiment indicated that the garlic
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