新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四UNIT6（課堂PPT）

1、1Text About the authorGo to the text2About the authorAbout the author The author of the passage Mo Mowlam (19492005) was a British Labour politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Redcar from 1987 to 2001, and served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Minister for the

2、Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Her personal charisma, reputation for plain speaking and fight against a brain tumour led her to be perceived by many as one of the most popular “New Labour” politicians in the UK. She died in 2005 because of a brain tumour.Text 3Winston Churc

3、hillWinston Churchill 1 In the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone on the brink of invasion. At that crucial time, one man, Winston C h u r c h i l l , d e f i n e d w h a t i t m e a n t to be British. We like to think of ourselves as tolerant and long-suffering people. But Churchill, through his l

4、eadership and his example, reminded us that if all we hold dear our democracy, our freedom is threatened, we will show courage and determination like no other nation.Text 4 2 I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. You ask what is our policy? I can say it is to wage war by sea, lan

5、d and air, with all our might and with all our strength that God can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: It is victory, victory at all costs, victory in spite of all ter

6、ror, victory however long and hard the road may be.Text 5 3 This was the moment when Britain had to be at its greatest. And in Churchill we found the greatest of Britons. 4 Winston Churchill was born in 1874 into one of Britains grandest families. The Churchills had been fighting for king and countr

7、y for generations. Young Winston always believed hed do the same. But self-belief was something he maintained despite rather than because of his family. Text 6 His father Lord Randolph Churchill (18491895), and his mother, Jennie (18541921), were both cold and distant people. Winston was packed off

8、to Harrow. He wasnt good-looking or clever; he was sickly, with a lisp and a stammer. He was bound to be bullied and he was. Far from giving support, Winstons father predicted his child would degenerate into a shabby, unhappy and futile existence.Text 7 5 He left school and, after three attempts, go

9、t into the military academy at Sandhurst. After Sandhurst he went looking for military action wherever it was. He paid for h i m s e l f b y d o u b l i n g u p a s a w a r correspondent. He used his dispatches to promote himself as a hero of the Boer War, and returned to England in 1900 renowned an

10、d all set to become an MP.Text 8 6 He was elected as Tory MP for Oldham in the same year. Then he swapped to the Liberals, then back. He was never really a Party animal. He cared about Britain. His vision was of a place with better living standards for ordinary people, but with a fierce regard for l

11、aw and order. Though he wasnt a vicious man, Churchills attitude to suffragettes, trade unionists or anyone who challenged the system was brutal. His weapon of first resort was the army.Text 9 7 But then hed always wanted to be a general. This ambition dated back to the days when he spent his school

12、 holidays playing with toy soldiers in the corridors of Blenheim Palace, below the tapestries of his heroic ancestors. He must have been delighted when, in 1911, he was made First Lord of the Admiralty and even more so when the First World War offered him the opportunity to plan a major military off

13、ensive at Gallipoli, in 1915.Text 10 8 Gallipoli was a disaster, costing Winston his job and nearly his sanity. This was the onset of his first major bout of depression, a curse he called his black dog. Thankfully he now had a wife, Clementine, to help him through it. She was 11 years younger than h

14、im, beautiful, clever and unswervingly loyal. Text 11She kept him together, but he got himself out of it, in true Churchillian fashion. To make amends for his mistake, he took himself off to the trenches of France to fight. He must be one of the few soldiers to have written home from the First World

15、 War that he had found happiness and content such as I have not known for months. He was a man made for war.Text 12 9 By the time Churchill returned to England, hed already achieved many great things. Hed been a successful journalist, hed fought for his country and hed held high office, as he was to

16、 do again in the 1920s as Chancellor of the Exchequer. But by 1930, Labour was in power and he was on the backbenches, a nobody and a has-been. He largely sat out the 1930s at his country retreat Chartwell.Text 13 10 In September 1938, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (18691940) famously brandishe

17、d an agreement hed signed with Adolf Hitler (18891945) and declared hed secured peace in our time. You could almost hear the sighs of relief. But not from Winston. Hed predicted long before anyone else what German nationalism was leading to.Text 14 By the time he was proved right, and war had been d

18、eclared, King George VI (18951952) knew that there was only one person I could send for to form a Government who had the confidence of the country. And that was Winston. When the call came, Churchill was 65- year-old. It had been a long wait, but destiny had arrived.Text 15 11 People talk of 1066, o

19、f the Armada, of Trafalgar. But 1940 was the most important year in British history. It was the year of Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain, the Blitz. It was the year when every single Briton, civilian as well as soldier, found themselves at war. The cause appeared hopeless, yet Winston, reviving the V

20、sign for victory from the fields of Agincourt 500 years before, told us we could win.Text 1612 Churchill was an instinctive, daring, often infuriating war leader. He was rude and unpleasant to his staff, who struggled to keep up with his limitless capacity for hard work and hard liquor. But he was a

21、lso an inspiration. When victory was finally declared in Europe on 8 May 1945, it was quickly followed by a general election.Text 17 The billboards said Cheer Churchill, Vote Labour, and t h a t s w h a t p e o p l e d i d . T h a t w a s the irony. The very democracy that Churchill was prepared to

22、lay down his life to defend was the same democracy that knew the difference between the needs of peace and the needs of war.Text 18 13 When Churchill died in 1965, the new rock-and-roll Britain stood still. If Britain its eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartedness had to be summed

23、up in one person, it was him. He had gone, but, thanks to him, Britain lived on. And what could be greater than that?Text 19溫斯頓溫斯頓丘吉爾丘吉爾 1 1940年夏天，英國(guó)面臨外敵入侵，孤立無(wú)援。在這一危急時(shí)刻，有一個(gè)人溫斯頓丘吉爾挺身而出，顯示了英國(guó)人的英雄本色。我們英國(guó)人喜歡把自己看成是一個(gè)寬容而堅(jiān)忍的民族。但是丘吉爾以他卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能和光輝的榜樣讓我們看到，當(dāng)我們所珍視的一切我們的民主、我們的自由受到威脅的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)展示出無(wú)與倫比的勇氣和決心。Text 20 2

24、 “我所能奉獻(xiàn)的唯有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水。你問(wèn)我們的政策是什么？我會(huì)說(shuō)我們的政策就是在海、陸、空全面開(kāi)戰(zhàn)，竭盡全力，盡上帝賦予我們的全部力量去戰(zhàn)斗；與黑暗的、可悲的人類罪惡史上最窮兇極惡的暴政作戰(zhàn)。你問(wèn)我們的目標(biāo)是什么？我可以用一個(gè)詞來(lái)回答，那就是勝利。不惜一切代價(jià)，去奪取勝利。戰(zhàn)勝一切恐怖，去奪取勝利。不論前方的道路多么漫長(zhǎng)、多么艱辛，一定要奪取勝利?！盩ext 21 3 在這樣一個(gè)時(shí)刻，英國(guó)必須顯示出她最偉大的一面。而在丘吉爾身上，我們看到了一個(gè)最偉大的英國(guó)人。 4 1874年，溫斯頓丘吉爾出生于英國(guó)一個(gè)極為顯赫的家庭。丘吉爾家族世代為國(guó)王和國(guó)家出生入死，征戰(zhàn)沙場(chǎng)。溫斯頓年輕的時(shí)候一直相

25、信他會(huì)繼承父業(yè)。但是他一直能夠保持自信卻與他的家庭無(wú)關(guān)，他的家人并沒(méi)有給他多少支持。Text 22 他的父親倫道夫丘吉爾勛爵（18491895）和母親珍妮（18541921）都是冷漠、拒人于千里之外的人。他們把溫斯頓送到了哈羅公學(xué)。他既不英俊又不聰明；他體弱多病，說(shuō)話口齒不清，還結(jié)巴。他是那種在學(xué)校里注定要被人欺負(fù)的學(xué)生實(shí)際情況也是如此。溫斯頓的父親不僅沒(méi)有給他支持和幫助，還預(yù)測(cè)他的兒子將來(lái)會(huì)“淪落到窮困潦倒、一事無(wú)成、抑郁而終的地步”。Text 23 5 離開(kāi)學(xué)校之后，經(jīng)過(guò)三次努力，溫斯頓進(jìn)入了位于桑赫斯特的英國(guó)皇家陸軍軍官學(xué)校。從桑赫斯特畢業(yè)之后，他就找地方去打仗不管是什么地方。他自費(fèi)兼任

26、戰(zhàn)地記者，并因報(bào)道出色而成為布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的英雄。因此當(dāng)1900年回到 英國(guó)的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)名滿天下，為當(dāng)選國(guó)會(huì)議員鋪平了道路。Text 24 6 同年，他代表奧德姆市當(dāng)選為保守黨國(guó)會(huì)議員。此后，他一度轉(zhuǎn)投自由黨，后來(lái)又重回保守黨。他從來(lái)不是一個(gè)熱衷于黨派斗爭(zhēng)的人。他只關(guān)心英國(guó)的前途和命運(yùn)。他理想中的英國(guó)是普通百姓安居樂(lè)業(yè)的地方，但同時(shí)他又非?？粗胤珊蜕鐣?huì)秩序。盡管丘吉爾不是一個(gè)邪惡的人，但他對(duì)婦女參政論者、工會(huì)主義者以及任何想要挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)行體制的人都?xì)埧釤o(wú)情，他首先想到的手段就是動(dòng)用軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)壓。Text 25 7 但是他一直想當(dāng)一名將軍。這個(gè)理想可以追溯到他的學(xué)生時(shí)代。學(xué)校放假的時(shí)候，他就在布倫海姆

27、宮的走廊里、在他那些戰(zhàn)功卓著的祖先的織錦畫(huà)像下玩玩具士兵，那時(shí)候他就萌生了這種理想。1911年，被任命為海軍大臣的時(shí)候，他一定非常高興；1915年，當(dāng)?shù)谝淮问澜绱髴?zhàn)讓他有機(jī)會(huì)制定加利波利重大攻勢(shì)計(jì)劃的時(shí)候，他更是欣喜萬(wàn)分。Text 26 8 但是加利波利戰(zhàn)役以慘敗收?qǐng)?，讓溫斯頓丟掉了飯碗，也使他幾乎精神崩潰。丘吉爾第一次犯嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥就是從那個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始的，他把這個(gè)讓他痛苦不堪的疾病稱為“黑狗”（沮喪）。值得慶幸的是，此時(shí)他已經(jīng)娶妻成家。他的妻子克萊門(mén)泰因幫他度過(guò)了難關(guān)。她比他小11歲，美麗、聰明、忠貞不渝。Text 27 她讓他振作起來(lái)，但最終丘吉爾以自己特有的方式走出了抑郁。為彌補(bǔ)他的過(guò)失，

28、他奔赴法國(guó)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，在戰(zhàn)壕中浴血奮戰(zhàn)。在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中，大概沒(méi)有幾個(gè)士兵會(huì)像他那樣從戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上寫(xiě)信回家，說(shuō)他“感覺(jué)到了幾個(gè)月來(lái)從沒(méi)有過(guò)的幸福和滿足”。他就是為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而生的。Text 28 9 當(dāng)丘吉爾回到英國(guó)的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)成就了豐功偉業(yè)。他曾是一名成功的記者，他曾為國(guó)家浴血奮戰(zhàn)，他曾經(jīng)身居高位。在20世紀(jì)20年代他再次官居要職，擔(dān)任財(cái)務(wù)大臣。但是到了1930年，工黨開(kāi)始執(zhí)政，而他只是一名后座議員，一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的小人物，一名過(guò)氣的政客。30年代的大部分時(shí)間，他都在他的鄉(xiāng)間別墅查特威爾莊園里閑坐度日。Text 29 1 0 1 9 3 8 年 9 月 ， 時(shí) 任 首 相 的 內(nèi) 維 爾 張 伯 倫（ 1

29、8 6 9 1 9 4 0 ） 公 開(kāi) 揮 舞 著 他 和 阿 道 夫 希 特 勒（18891945）簽訂的和平協(xié)議，宣告他已經(jīng)確保了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的和平。你甚至都可以聽(tīng)到人們?nèi)玑屩刎?fù)地松了一口氣。但是丘吉爾并不這么認(rèn)為。他預(yù)測(cè)到比任何人都要早德國(guó)的民族主義會(huì)走向何方。Text 30 事態(tài)的發(fā)展證明他是對(duì)的，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了，英國(guó)國(guó)王喬治六世（18951952）知道“要組建一個(gè)能贏得全國(guó)信任的政府，我只能去請(qǐng)一個(gè)人，那就是溫斯頓?！比蚊聛?lái)的時(shí)候，丘吉爾已經(jīng)65歲了。為這一天他等了很久，但上天最終還是把大任交給了他。Text 31 11人們經(jīng)常會(huì)說(shuō)起1066年的諾曼征服，說(shuō)起擊敗西班牙無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)的壯舉，

30、提到特拉法爾加戰(zhàn)役這些重要的歷史事件。但其實(shí)1940年才是英國(guó)歷史上最重要的一年。敦刻爾克大撤退、不列顛之戰(zhàn)、德國(guó)空襲英國(guó)都發(fā)生在這一年。在這一年，每一個(gè)英國(guó)人，不管是平民還是士兵，都發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之中。英國(guó)似乎不可能贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但是溫斯頓用500年前阿金庫(kù)爾戰(zhàn)役中那個(gè)表示勝利的V字手勢(shì)告訴我們，我們能夠取得勝利。Text 32 12丘吉爾是一個(gè)直覺(jué)敏銳、大膽、常常令人惱火的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)袖。他對(duì)部下粗魯，令人不快。他工作起來(lái)不要命，喝起酒來(lái)也不要命，這讓他的部下疲于應(yīng)付。但同時(shí)他也鼓舞了無(wú)數(shù)人。1945年5月8日，歐洲最終宣布戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利，英國(guó)隨即舉行了大選。Text 33 英國(guó)許多告示牌上都寫(xiě)著“

31、為丘吉爾喝彩，給工黨投票”，而人們也確實(shí)是這么做的。這真是充滿了諷刺意味。丘吉爾隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備誓死保衛(wèi)的民主國(guó)家知道和平時(shí)代的需求和戰(zhàn)時(shí)的需求是不一樣的。Text 34 131965年，丘吉爾去世，剛剛進(jìn)入搖滾樂(lè)時(shí)代的英國(guó)舉國(guó)皆哀。如果要用一個(gè)人來(lái)代表英國(guó)的怪僻、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的個(gè)性和寬廣的胸懷，那就是丘吉爾。丘吉爾已經(jīng)離我們而去，但正是因?yàn)橛辛怂?，英?guó)才得以存活下來(lái)。還有什么比這更偉大的業(yè)績(jī)呢？Text 35Words & Phrasestolerantdemocracymightmonstroustyrannysurpasslamentablesuffragetteswaprenowneddispatch

32、shabbydegeneratebullyloyalunswervinglyboutonsetsanityoffensiveAdmiraltysicklylispstammertapestrycorridorunionistchancellortrenchamends36Words & Phrasesbackbenchhas-beenretreatbrandishnationalismdestinyinfuriatingbig-heartednesseccentricitylimitlessliquorbillboard37Words & Phraseson the brink of (doi

33、ng) sth.pack offdouble (up) aslaw and orderdate back toget sb. out oftake offsit outsum up38Words & PhrasesWinston Churchill 溫斯頓丘吉爾Randolph Churchill 倫道夫丘吉爾Harrow 哈羅公學(xué)Sandhurst 桑赫斯特（英國(guó)陸軍軍官學(xué)校所在地）the Boer War 布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)MP (Member of Parliament) 議員；下院議員Tory （英國(guó)的）保守黨黨員；保守黨支持者Oldham 奧德姆市（英國(guó)西北部城市）Blenheim Palac

34、e 布倫海姆宮Gallipoli 加利波利（位于土耳其北部）39Words & PhrasesClementine 克萊門(mén)泰因丘吉爾Chancellor of the Exchequer （英國(guó)）財(cái)政大臣Chartwell 查特威爾（丘吉爾靜養(yǎng)居所）Neville Chamberlain 內(nèi)維爾張伯倫Adolf Hitler 阿道夫希特勒King George VI 喬治六世Armada （16世紀(jì)西班牙的）無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)Trafalgar 特拉法爾加（西班牙西南部港口城市）Dunkirk 敦刻爾克the Battle of Britain 不列顛之戰(zhàn) 40Words & Phrasesthe Bl

35、itz 德國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)的空襲 Agincourt 阿金庫(kù)爾戰(zhàn)役 41toleranttolerant a. willing to accept someone elses beliefs, way of life etc. without criticizing them, even if you disagree with them 容忍的；寬容的e.g. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerantnot, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturi

36、ty of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes. (CET4-2003-06) 與此密切相關(guān)的是容忍的能力當(dāng)然，不是容忍錯(cuò)誤，而是容忍人性中的弱點(diǎn)和不成熟，正是這些弱點(diǎn)和不成熟使得人們，尤其是孩子們，會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。W o r d f a m i l y : t o l e r a n c et o l e r a n c e n. tolerantlytolerantly ad. Words & Phrases42democracydemocracy n. U a sys

37、tem of government in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them 民主；民主政體e.g. 1. Ancient Athens is said to be the cradle of democracy. 據(jù)說(shuō)古代雅典是民主的搖籃。 2. The principals democracy made him popular among teachers and students. 校長(zhǎng)的民主作風(fēng)使他受到師生的歡迎。 Antonym: autocracyautocracyWord

38、s & Phrases43mightmight n. U great power or strength, especially a countrys military or economic power 力量；威力e.g. 1. Their foreign policy is based on the principle that “might is right”. 他們的外交政策建立在“強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理”的原則之上。2. To be frank, this mission is beyond my might. 坦白說(shuō)，這一使命非我能力所及。3. He fought back with all

39、his might. 他傾全力反擊。Word family: mightymighty a.Words & Phrases44monstrousmonstrous a. cruel, unfair, or morally wrong 殘忍的；不公正的e.g. 1. Any suggestion that I accepted bribes would be a monstrous slur. 誰(shuí)說(shuō)我受賄就是對(duì)我惡意中傷。2. Its perfectly monstrous that men should be paid more than women for the same job. 做相同

40、的工作，而男人所得報(bào)酬比女人多，這完全是不公正的。Word family: monster monster n. Words & Phrases45tyrannytyranny n. C, U 1) a government that treats people in a cruel and unfair way, using force to control them 施行暴政的政府；專制政府e.g. The people will rise up to free themselves from tyranny.2) cruel and unfair treatment by someone

41、 in a position of power 暴虐；暴行；專橫e.g. Love is a sweet tyranny, because the lover endures its torment willingly. 愛(ài)情專橫而又甜蜜，因?yàn)閼賽?ài)者心甘情愿忍受其折磨。Words & Phrases人們將揭竿而起，擺脫暴政。46surpasssurpass vt. be better or greater than sth. else 優(yōu)于，超過(guò)（某事物）e.g. 1. We will surpass our predecessors, and future generations will

42、certainly surpass us. 我們會(huì)超過(guò)前人，后人也必然會(huì)超過(guò)我們。2. The task surpassed his skill. 以他的技術(shù)，這項(xiàng)工作他難以勝任。3. Do you alone surpass these in doctrine, in your manner of life, and in every other respect? 難道你真的在做人原則、生活習(xí)慣和其他方面都比這些人卓越嗎？ Words & Phrases47lamentablelamentable a. (fml) so bad that you feel disappointed or a

43、ngry 令人痛惜的；糟糕的e.g. 1. The decision they made is a lamentable lack of foresight. 他們做的決定實(shí)在缺乏遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)。2. His death is a lamentable loss of our work. 他的死對(duì)我們的工作來(lái)說(shuō)是令人悲痛的損失。3. Nothing is more lamentable than a dead heart. 哀莫大于心死。Word family: lamentationlamentation n.lamentably lamentably ad. lamentlament v. & n.

44、 Words & Phrases48sickly sickly a. someone who is sickly is generally not healthy and is often ill 多病的，不健康的e.g. 1. The trouble is that the boy is sickly. 麻煩的是，這個(gè)孩子體弱多病。 2. Her cheeks have a sickly pallor. 她面色蒼白帶有病容。Word family: sicklinesssickliness n.Words & Phrases49lisp lisp n. sing a speech defec

45、t or mannerism characterized by mispronunciation of the sounds (s) and (z) as (th) and (th) 咬舌，口齒不清e(cuò).g. 1. We had trouble not laughing at his lisp. 我們很難不去笑他的口齒不清。 2. We should not blame those who cannot speak English well because of a physical defect such as a natural lisp, stutter or dyslexia. 因身體缺

46、陷如天生口齒不清、結(jié)巴、誦讀困難等而不能講好英語(yǔ)者，我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)怪。 Words & Phrases50stammer stammer n. sing a speech problem that makes you repeat a sound several times when you try to say certain words 口吃；結(jié)巴e.g. 1. The children teased the boy because of his stammer. 孩子們?nèi)⌒@個(gè)男孩子，因?yàn)樗诔浴?. As a youth, Willis had a stammer that only d

47、isappeared when he was performing. 青年時(shí)威利斯有口吃的毛病，但在他出時(shí)口吃竟然會(huì)消失。 Words & Phrases51bully bully vt. frighten or hurt someone who is smaller or weaker than you 威嚇；欺侮e.g. 1. He was bullied by the older boys at school. 他在學(xué)校里受到大孩子的欺負(fù)。2. Youve got no right at all to bully the weak. 你根本沒(méi)有權(quán)利欺侮弱者。 Words & Phrase

48、s52degenerate degenerate vi. become worse 惡化e.g. 1. Liberty is apt to degenerate into lawlessness. 自由容易淪為無(wú)法無(wú)天。2. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. 我們不能容許我們富有創(chuàng)造性的抗議淪為暴力行動(dòng)。Words & Phrases53shabby shabby a. old and in bad condition 破舊的；寒酸的e.g. 1. Grant was of

49、humble origin, shabby in dress, rough in speech and manners. 格蘭特出身低微，衣著寒酸，說(shuō)話粗魯，態(tài)度生硬。 2. What if my clothes are shabby and worn; they cover a warm heart. 我的衣服破破爛爛又怎么樣，它們遮掩著的是一顆熱情的心。Words & Phrases54dispatch dispatch n. & vt. 1) n. C a report that a military officer sends from a battlefield (=a place

50、where a battle is being fought) or a government official sends from a foreign country 戰(zhàn)報(bào)e.g. 1. Our unit received a dispatch from headquarters ordering us to tighten security. 我們小分隊(duì)收到了司令部的戰(zhàn)報(bào)，命令我們加強(qiáng)安全措施。2. In his battle dispatch he described the gunners bravery.2) vt. (fml) send someone or something

51、somewhere 派遣；發(fā)送；派送e.g. Please dispatch the TV sets we ordered by sea. 請(qǐng)海運(yùn)我們訂購(gòu)的電視機(jī)。 Words & Phrases他的戰(zhàn)斗報(bào)告記述了炮手的勇敢。55renowned renowned a. ( as / for) famous and admired for a special skill or achievement 有名望的；著名的e.g. 1. Perry was renowned as an aggressive competitor. 佩利是出了名的強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。2. Suzhou is renown

52、ed to the world for its arts and crafts. 蘇州以其工藝品聞名全球。Words & Phrases56swap swap v. give sth. to someone in exchange for sth. else 交換e.g. 1. If you like this one better, Ill swap with you. 如果你更喜歡這個(gè)，我和你交換。2. Members are encouraged to swap books with each other. 鼓勵(lì)成員們互相交換書(shū)籍。3. I liked her coat and she

53、liked mine, so we swapped. 我喜歡她的外套，她喜歡我的外套，于是我們就交換了。Words & Phrases57suffragette suffragette n. C in the UK and US, a woman who took part in public protests about giving women the right to vote in the early 1900s（20世紀(jì)初英美兩國(guó)）為女性爭(zhēng)取選舉權(quán)的女子e.g. 1. In July 1909, imprisoned English suffragette Marion Dunlop

54、 refused to eat. 1909年7月，被逮捕的英國(guó)女權(quán)主義者馬里恩鄧洛普開(kāi)始絕食。2. After women obtained the right to vote, the suffragette movement became a dead duck in Britain. 婦女獲得選舉權(quán)后，鼓吹婦女參政的運(yùn)動(dòng)在英國(guó)不再引起人們的興趣了。Words & Phrases58unionist unionist n. C a member of a trade union; an advocate or supporter of trade unions 工會(huì)成員；工會(huì)主義者；工聯(lián)主

55、義者e.g. 1. The employers and the two trade unionists had a warm debate for three hours, then the former had to lower their colours. 資方和兩個(gè)工會(huì)代表激烈地爭(zhēng)辯了3個(gè)小時(shí)，后來(lái)資方不得不讓步。2. Attempts to suppress trade unionists by savage economic measures are often counter-productive. 企圖通過(guò)野蠻經(jīng)濟(jì)手段鎮(zhèn)壓工會(huì)主義者往往事與愿違。Words & Phrases59

56、corridor corridor n. C a long passage inside a building with doors on each side 走廊；通道e.g. 1. the Hexi Corridor 河西走廊2. Her own footsteps and the bellboys were muffled in the carpeted corridor. 她自己和侍者的腳步聲全讓鋪著地毯的走廊給淹沒(méi)了。3. She led us through a maze of hotel corridors to our room. 她帶我們通過(guò)酒店里迷宮般的走廊到了我們的房間。

57、Words & Phrases60tapestry tapestry n. C, U a thick heavy cloth that has pictures or patterns woven into it. Tapestries are often hung on walls. （織有圖案的）繡幃，掛毯，織錦e.g. 1. I bought a red threaded with gold. 我買(mǎi)了一塊金絲交織的紅花毯。2. The wall of the banquet hall is hang with tapestry. 宴會(huì)廳的墻上掛著繡帷。Words & Phrases61A

58、dmiralty Admiralty n. (the ) the department of the British government that used to be responsible for the navy（舊時(shí)的）英國(guó)海軍部e.g. 1. The Admiralty summoned all forces. 海軍部召集所有的艦只。 2. The brash young First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill showed particular interest in naval aviation. 年青而性情急躁的海軍大臣溫

59、斯頓丘吉爾對(duì)海軍航空特別關(guān)心。 3. His conduct on this issue was highly approved by the Admiralty. 他在這一戰(zhàn)斗中的表現(xiàn)頗受海軍部的嘉許。 Words & Phrases62offensive offensive n. & a. 1) n. C a major military attack（軍事）進(jìn)攻，攻勢(shì)e.g. 1. They decided to take the offensive in the end. 他們最終決定采取攻勢(shì)。 2. There was no longer any doubt that the ene

60、my offensive was under way. 敵人的攻勢(shì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，這點(diǎn)不再有什么懷疑了。 Words & Phrases632) a. unpleasant or insulting, and likely to make people upset or embarrassed 無(wú)禮的，冒犯的，令人惱火的e.g.1. The advertisements were highly offensive to women. 這些廣告令女士們大為反感。2. His hasty temper made him offensive. 他急躁的脾氣使他令人討厭。 Words & Phrases64