新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4unit_1

1、Unit OneTask 1Task 2Task 3 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聰明杰克也變傻。 People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.找不出時(shí)間娛樂(lè)的人遲早會(huì)被迫找出時(shí)間生病。 Rest is sauce to labor.休息是勞動(dòng)的調(diào)味品。Task 1Leisure Activities SayingsTask 1Task 2Task 3Laughter is a

2、 great medicine. Almost all of us like jokes, appreciate humor. What performances usu. make you laugh? Who are your favorite comic stars (笑星), Xiao Shenyang, Guo Degang, Ge You, Ben Stiller etc.? Why do you love them?Task 1Task 2Task 3 The comic art forms may include cross-talk(相聲), sketch（小品），new y

3、ears film(賀歲片), talk show（談話節(jié)目），comedy（喜?。?Sitcom/situation comedy（情景喜?。? slapstick（打鬧?。? Stand-up（單口滑稽說(shuō)笑節(jié)目）, etc.Task 1Task 2Task 3Task 2Laughter Crosstalk Cross-talk is very popular in China. You can listen to it everywhere. Its popularity lies in its humorous language, the performers quick wits,

4、 their funny gestures and their presentation skills. Another reason is that the subject of cross-talk is close to real life so that it resonates（共鳴）with the audience. Task 1Task 2Task 3slap-sticks 打鬧劇打鬧劇It is a comedy involving type of exaggerated physical violence or activities including ironic sit

5、uations, such as a character being hit in the face with a heavy frying pan or running into a brick wall, etc. These hyperbolic depictions are often found in childrens cartoons (such as Tom and Jerry.), and light comedies（輕喜（輕喜?。﹦。?aimed at younger audiences. Though the term is often used pejorativel

6、y(貶義貶義), the performance of slapstick comedy requires exquisite timing and skillful execution. Eg.1. I prefer the dry humour of situation comedy to the slapstick of circus clowns.我喜歡滑稽戲不動(dòng)聲色的幽默。我喜歡滑稽戲不動(dòng)聲色的幽默。不喜歡馬戲小丑的低級(jí)打鬧不喜歡馬戲小丑的低級(jí)打鬧。 Task 2Task 1Task 2Task 3Task 2Laughter The stand-up comicSimilar to

7、 our Chinese Crosstalk, Americans also have the stand-up comic or comedian (單口滑稽說(shuō)笑演員), who stands alone in front of the audience and tells jokes to make audience burst into laughter. He does all kinds of accents, he can do jokes. Watch the video clip and tell the difference between crosstalk and the

8、 stand-up comic talk show. Task 1Task 2Task 3Laughter The stand-up comicTask 2Click to stop and click again to continueTask 1Task 2Task 3A famous Chinese stand-up comedian Zhou LiboTask 1Task 2Task 3Standup Comedy (單口相聲) Happy childhood by Fang Qingping Task 1Task 2Task 3 Why did we burst into laugh

9、ter when hearing Fangs comic but find little interesting in the American comedians performance?Task 1Task 2Task 3Sensitivity 1. language barrier 2. Jokes usu. are alluded(暗示暗示) not stated（明說(shuō)）（明說(shuō)）, while their rich meanings are culturally defined（由文化背景賦予其豐富（由文化背景賦予其豐富的涵義）的涵義）. You need a related back

10、ground information to appreciate them.Task 1Task 2Task 3Task 3“A Bad Writing” Father and SonDirections:Watch the flash carefully and try to tell the humorous story to your class.幻燈放映后在畫(huà)面上點(diǎn)右鍵選播放幻燈放映后在畫(huà)面上點(diǎn)右鍵選播放HumorTask 1Task 2Task 3Assignment: 1. Preview the in-class reading and finish the exercises

11、from p.15-17.2. Id like 5 of you to present a piece of English humor in class. (Tell it orally then present us the script and the punchline with your 1-page ppt.) You may choose following items: a play on words, comic strips, puns, double entendres etc.In-Class ReadingThe most common types of humor

12、mentioned in the text are: slap-stick, a play on words, puns and double-entendres. Of all these I personally prefer ,for. It often makes fun of another person and appeals to all ages and cultures.Yes. I think so. I like to be with humorous people because they can make me laugh when I am unhappy. The

13、y can change an awkward situation and help people get rid of embarrassment by making everybody laugh. With such people, life becomes more interesting and enjoyable. Therefore humorous people are like sunshine and are very popular with others.(Para. 1-3)(Para. 4) The typical three parts of a joke (Pa

14、ra. 5) Different forms of humor (Para. 6-12)universal (adj.) (Line1, Para1) 1) relating to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society 普遍的普遍的, 全體的全體的 卡拉卡拉OK提供了提供了大眾化的大眾化的娛樂(lè)。娛樂(lè)。SARS and bird flu have once caused universal panic.非典和禽流感曾經(jīng)引起過(guò)非典和禽流感曾經(jīng)引起過(guò)普遍的普遍的恐慌?？只?。 2) true or suit

15、able in every situation 通用的；萬(wàn)能的通用的；萬(wàn)能的a universal instrument 萬(wàn)能儀萬(wàn)能儀a universal meter 通用電表通用電表名詞形式：名詞形式：universe 宇宙宇宙But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny? 本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問(wèn)句，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的主本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問(wèn)句，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的主語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。那么，那么，到底是什么東西到底是什么東西使一個(gè)故事或笑話讓人使一個(gè)故事或笑話讓人感到滑稽可感到滑稽可笑笑呢？呢？humor (n.) (Line 4, Para. 2) (

16、capacity to cause or feel) amusement 幽默；詼諧幽默；詼諧請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。中央電視臺(tái)節(jié)目主持人李詠中央電視臺(tái)節(jié)目主持人李詠很有幽默感很有幽默感。CCTVs host Li Yong _.他正在寫(xiě)一本他正在寫(xiě)一本幽默小說(shuō)幽默小說(shuō)。He is writing _.a novel full of humorhas a great sense of humorhumorous (adj.) (Line 21, Para. 5) 幽默的幽默的humorless (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 3) 缺乏幽默感的缺乏幽默感的humori

17、st (n.) (Line 65, Para. 10) 幽默幽默( (作作) )家家, , 有敏銳幽默感的人有敏銳幽默感的人請(qǐng)用請(qǐng)用 humorous, humorless 或或 humorist填空。填空。I think actor Guo Donglin is rather _.humorousWe all view his father as a _.humoristhumorless 心甘情愿心甘情愿/出于自己喜好做的苦差事出于自己喜好做的苦差事Fall out of chair laughing:笑得前仰后合笑得前仰后合本句為本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，

18、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)。句中原因狀語(yǔ)。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，是形式主語(yǔ)， that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)真實(shí)主語(yǔ)從句真實(shí)主語(yǔ)從句。 句中的兩個(gè)并列真實(shí)主語(yǔ)句中的兩個(gè)并列真實(shí)主語(yǔ)是是several students和和 the rest of the students兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。laughing after I tell a joke 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)修飾是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)修飾several students。為什么為什么每次我有重要約會(huì)時(shí)，臉上都會(huì)冒出一個(gè)很每次我有重要約會(huì)時(shí)，臉上都會(huì)冒出一個(gè)很大的青春痘呢？大的青春痘呢？ Why is it that every time I hav

19、e a hot date, I break out with a big Zit(pimple/spot) on my face?嗯嗯這個(gè)工作最讓你感興趣的方面這個(gè)工作最讓你感興趣的方面是什么是什么呢？呢？Hmm, what is it that interests you most about the job?你上一次看見(jiàn)她是你上一次看見(jiàn)她是多久以前多久以前的事的事?Some people are more sensitive to (對(duì)對(duì)敏感敏感) humor than others.有些人有些人對(duì)對(duì)幽默比別人幽默比別人敏感敏感。Others struggle to (費(fèi)好大去費(fèi)好大去)

20、say sth funny.費(fèi)好大費(fèi)好大的勁說(shuō)點(diǎn)有趣的事的勁說(shuō)點(diǎn)有趣的事sense (n.) (Line 16, Para.3) 1) good practical understanding and judgment 見(jiàn)識(shí)；判斷力；領(lǐng)悟（常與見(jiàn)識(shí)；判斷力；領(lǐng)悟（常與of連用）連用）他的父親是一個(gè)他的父親是一個(gè)責(zé)任感很強(qiáng)責(zé)任感很強(qiáng)的人。的人。在兒童時(shí)代就培養(yǎng)在兒童時(shí)代就培養(yǎng)是非感是非感是相當(dāng)重要的。是相當(dāng)重要的。 Cultivating the moral sense in the childhood is quite important. 2) a way in which a person

21、 can know about the physical world, for example, through sight or hearing 官能；感官官能；感官 （如視覺(jué)，聽(tīng)覺(jué)，嗅覺(jué)，味覺(jué)及觸覺(jué)）（如視覺(jué)，聽(tīng)覺(jué)，嗅覺(jué)，味覺(jué)及觸覺(jué)）那位特工那位特工(agent)聽(tīng)覺(jué)敏銳聽(tīng)覺(jué)敏銳。As we know, dogs have a good sense of smell. 如我們所知，狗的如我們所知，狗的嗅覺(jué)很靈敏嗅覺(jué)很靈敏。sense (v.) (Line 94, Para.12) to have a feeling about something without being told di

22、rectly 感覺(jué)到，覺(jué)察到，意識(shí)到感覺(jué)到，覺(jué)察到，意識(shí)到 她她發(fā)覺(jué)發(fā)覺(jué)自己的建議不受歡迎。自己的建議不受歡迎。奧運(yùn)冠軍郭晶晶能夠奧運(yùn)冠軍郭晶晶能夠感受到感受到一些記者的問(wèn)題并不友一些記者的問(wèn)題并不友好。好。 Olympic champion Guo Jingjing could sense that some reporters questions were not friendly. Trigger an entire string of jokes from that persons memory bank. 從他記憶中引出一連串的笑話。從他記憶中引出一連串的笑話。trigger (Li

23、ne 18, Para. 3) (v.) to start a chain of events; be the immediate cause of (sth. serious or violent) 觸發(fā)，引發(fā)，為觸發(fā)，引發(fā)，為 （某嚴(yán)重或暴力的事件的）直接原因（某嚴(yán)重或暴力的事件的）直接原因請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Kashmir issue incessantly _ between India and Pakistan. 克什米爾問(wèn)題不斷克什米爾問(wèn)題不斷激起激起印巴之間的印巴之間的武裝沖突武裝沖突。This incident may _. 這一事件可能會(huì)這一事件可能會(huì)引起連鎖

24、反應(yīng)引起連鎖反應(yīng)。trigger a chain reactiontriggers (off) armed conflicts (n.) lever for releasing a spring, esp. of a firearm (釋放彈簧的釋放彈簧的)扳柄；扳柄；(槍的槍的)扳機(jī)；引爆器扳機(jī)；引爆器請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。James Bond _but failed in the end. 007試圖伸手去夠引爆器試圖伸手去夠引爆器，但沒(méi)有成功。，但沒(méi)有成功。_ is made from a particular material. 那把手槍的扳機(jī)那把手槍的扳機(jī)是由一種特殊材

25、料制作的。是由一種特殊材料制作的。The trigger of that gun tried to reach his hand for the trigger focus (n.) (Line 21, Para. 3) point at which interests, tendencies, etc., meet 興趣，趨勢(shì)等的中心；焦點(diǎn)興趣，趨勢(shì)等的中心；焦點(diǎn)The focus of attention:關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Many scientists were trying to find _. 很多科學(xué)家都在全力尋找很多科學(xué)家都在全力尋找震源震源

26、。Yao Mings wonderful performance in NBA enables him to become _. 姚明在姚明在NBA的精彩表現(xiàn)使得他成為的精彩表現(xiàn)使得他成為籃球迷們關(guān)籃球迷們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)注的焦點(diǎn)。the focus of basketball fans the focus of the attentionearthquake(vt & vi.) concentrate 集中；使集中于焦點(diǎn)集中；使集中于焦點(diǎn)你應(yīng)該你應(yīng)該把精力放在工作上把精力放在工作上。臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局應(yīng)該臺(tái)灣當(dāng)局應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注更多地關(guān)注如何改善與祖國(guó)大陸的如何改善與祖國(guó)大陸的關(guān)系。關(guān)系。 The Taiwa

27、n authority is supposed to focus more attention on how to improve its relationship with the Chinese mainland. mutual (adj.) (Line 25, Para. 4) 1) shared by two people and directed towards each other (used of feeling) 相互的相互的, 彼此的彼此的 (指感情指感情)請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。_ helped the players of the Chinese womens

28、 volleyball team achieve the victory in the final. 互相的支持和鼓勵(lì)互相的支持和鼓勵(lì)幫助中國(guó)女排的隊(duì)員取得了決賽幫助中國(guó)女排的隊(duì)員取得了決賽的勝利。的勝利。寬恕源于寬恕源于彼此的理解彼此的理解。Forgiveness is due to _.mutual understandingMutual support and inspiration 2) shared by two or more people 共同的共同的, 共有的共有的共同的努力共同的努力是成功的關(guān)鍵。是成功的關(guān)鍵。她們發(fā)現(xiàn)她們對(duì)蔡依林的歌她們發(fā)現(xiàn)她們對(duì)蔡依林的歌有著有著共同的興趣

29、共同的興趣。 They found that they had a mutual interest in Jolin Tsais (Cai Yilin) songs.tempt (v.) (Line 28, Para. 4) 1) to try to persuade someone to do something which maybe unwise or immoral 引誘引誘, 誘惑誘惑常用結(jié)構(gòu)：常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be tempted to do sth. 某人被誘惑（誘騙）做某事某人被誘惑（誘騙）做某事請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。That old man was _. 那個(gè)老人正在那

30、個(gè)老人正在勸誘一些年輕人加入那個(gè)神秘的組織勸誘一些年輕人加入那個(gè)神秘的組織。tempting some teenagers to join that mysterious organizationThat boy _ become a thief. 那個(gè)男孩兒那個(gè)男孩兒受人誘騙受人誘騙而成了一名小偷。而成了一名小偷。was tempted to 2) try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive 吸引吸引, 引起引起的興趣的興趣請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。The fine weather and

31、 beautiful scenery _. 不錯(cuò)的天氣和美麗的景色不錯(cuò)的天氣和美麗的景色吸引著我們到戶外去吸引著我們到戶外去。tempted us to go outsideThe enterprises and research institutes in Western countries always_with attractive salary and working conditions. 西方國(guó)家的企業(yè)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)總是用優(yōu)厚的薪水和優(yōu)西方國(guó)家的企業(yè)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)總是用優(yōu)厚的薪水和優(yōu)越的工作條件越的工作條件吸引中國(guó)的年輕人才吸引中國(guó)的年輕人才。tempt Chinese young tal

32、ents 名詞形式：名詞形式：temptation 誘惑物；有誘惑的東西誘惑物；有誘惑的東西請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。 What are the three typical parts of a joke in Para.5?present (adj.) /preznt/(Line 36, Para. 5) 1) in a particular place at a particular time 出席的；在場(chǎng)的出席的；在場(chǎng)的開(kāi)幕式舉行的時(shí)候你開(kāi)幕式舉行的時(shí)候你在場(chǎng)在場(chǎng)嗎？嗎？Were you present at the opening ceremony?會(huì)議有多少人會(huì)議有多少人出

33、席出席？請(qǐng)掌握以下常見(jiàn)表達(dá)。請(qǐng)掌握以下常見(jiàn)表達(dá)。現(xiàn)政府現(xiàn)政府在目前在目前 當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)現(xiàn)存的社會(huì)制度現(xiàn)存的社會(huì)制度 2) the time that is happening 現(xiàn)在的；現(xiàn)存的（做定語(yǔ)）現(xiàn)在的；現(xiàn)存的（做定語(yǔ)）v. /prizent/(1) to give something to someone, esp. at an official ceremony，describe in a particular way 贈(zèng)給；獻(xiàn)給；贈(zèng)給；獻(xiàn)給； 呈現(xiàn)。呈現(xiàn)。學(xué)生們給老師學(xué)生們給老師獻(xiàn)花。獻(xiàn)花。她負(fù)責(zé)向委員會(huì)她負(fù)責(zé)向委員會(huì)提出申請(qǐng)?zhí)岢錾暾?qǐng)。 She is responsible

34、for presenting the application to the committee.(2) to be the cause of a problem or difficulty ( present sb with sth ) 引起問(wèn)題或困難引起問(wèn)題或困難Falling interests rates present the firm with a new problem. 那位關(guān)鍵隊(duì)員的突然受傷那位關(guān)鍵隊(duì)員的突然受傷讓主教練感到非常頭疼讓主教練感到非常頭疼。 That key players sudden injury presented the head coach with a

35、 big headache.(n.) /preznt/ gift 禮物；贈(zèng)品禮物；贈(zèng)品1. 它深受不同年齡和文化背景的人所喜愛(ài)它深受不同年齡和文化背景的人所喜愛(ài)。no less（than）: double negationquite asas 和和一樣，一樣， 不少于，不亞于。不少于，不亞于。 這個(gè)笑話并沒(méi)有因?yàn)榻?jīng)常講而變得這個(gè)笑話并沒(méi)有因?yàn)榻?jīng)常講而變得不再那不再那么么好笑。好笑。她和從前她和從前一樣活躍一樣活躍。一個(gè)動(dòng)物一個(gè)動(dòng)物,即使是一只小昆蟲(chóng)即使是一只小昆蟲(chóng),對(duì)對(duì)疼痛的敏感程度也不比人類(lèi)少疼痛的敏感程度也不比人類(lèi)少。value (n.) (Line 51, Para. 7) 1) reg

36、ard highly; have a high opinion of 看重看重 ；重視；重視對(duì)于健康和財(cái)富，你更對(duì)于健康和財(cái)富，你更看看重重哪一個(gè)？哪一個(gè)？ Which do you value most, wealth or health? (2) to calculate how much money something is worth 估估的價(jià)格；評(píng)價(jià)的價(jià)格；評(píng)價(jià)這條項(xiàng)鏈這條項(xiàng)鏈被估價(jià)為被估價(jià)為8000美元。美元。 If you want to sell your car you ought to have it valued.如果你想賣(mài)掉你的汽車(chē)，你應(yīng)該找人為它如果你想賣(mài)掉你的汽車(chē)，

37、你應(yīng)該找人為它估個(gè)價(jià)估個(gè)價(jià)。 valueless (adj.) without value; worthless 無(wú)價(jià)值的；無(wú)用的無(wú)價(jià)值的；無(wú)用的 valuable (adj.) of great value, worth or use 有很大價(jià)值的；貴重的；很有用的有很大價(jià)值的；貴重的；很有用的invaluable (adj.) of value too high to be measured 價(jià)值高到無(wú)法估量的；價(jià)值高到無(wú)法估量的； 無(wú)價(jià)的無(wú)價(jià)的Her words proved _ for me to complete my task successfully.invaluable val

38、uelessvaluable 請(qǐng)用請(qǐng)用 valueless , valuable或或 invaluable填空。填空。Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village to相聲相聲無(wú)論是在無(wú)論是在還是在還是在隨處都能聽(tīng)到隨處都能聽(tīng)到。It is clearly a traditional form of humor well understood by Chinese people.它顯然是中國(guó)它顯然是中國(guó)家喻戶曉的家喻戶曉的一種傳統(tǒng)的幽默形式。一種傳統(tǒng)的幽默形式。How come: How did it happen ( that ) /

39、 why為非正式用語(yǔ)，用于詢問(wèn)，意思是為非正式用語(yǔ)，用于詢問(wèn)，意思是“為什為什么？么？是是怎么回事？怎么回事？”，并表示驚訝。，并表示驚訝。 你你為什么為什么一字不改地抄別人的作業(yè)？一字不改地抄別人的作業(yè)？他第一次去那兒時(shí)他第一次去那兒時(shí)怎么怎么沒(méi)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)呢？沒(méi)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)呢？How come nobody found out the first time he went there? 沒(méi)有自行車(chē)的廣告，沒(méi)有自行車(chē)的廣告，這是怎這是怎么回事么回事 ？How come there are no commercials for bicycles?如果那是事實(shí)，如果那是事實(shí)，為什么為什么那么多聰明人那么

40、多聰明人會(huì)會(huì)有笨孩子呢？有笨孩子呢？ A note of : a stated quality, feeling or atmosphere (特特征、口氣、提示征、口氣、提示)Eg. There was a note of anger in her voice.variation (n.) (Line 87, Para. 12) a change in degree, amount, or quantity 變更變更, 變化變化, 變異變異, 變種變種我們必須密切注意速度的我們必須密切注意速度的變化變化。 澳大利亞英語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)澳大利亞英語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)變種變種。The

41、Australian English is actually one of the variations of the British English.variety (n.) difference in quantity, type, or character多樣化，指一類(lèi)當(dāng)中的多樣或多多樣化，指一類(lèi)當(dāng)中的多樣或多 種（常用結(jié)構(gòu)種（常用結(jié)構(gòu)a variety of=various各各 種各樣的；種種）種各樣的；種種）We should try to give variety to our performance.在那個(gè)展覽會(huì)上可以看到在那個(gè)展覽會(huì)上可以看到各種各種各樣的各樣的鉆石制品。鉆石制

42、品。A variety of diamond products can be seen at the exhibition.variable (n.) something that can vary in quantity or size變數(shù)變數(shù), 可變物可變物, 變量變量比賽的勝利依賴于包括天氣在內(nèi)的很多比賽的勝利依賴于包括天氣在內(nèi)的很多因素因素。 The victory of the match depends on a number of variables, such as the weather.The result of the match relies on lots of _.

43、variablesvariety variation 請(qǐng)用請(qǐng)用 variation , variety或或 variable填空。填空。 Under someones nose （L95）: 1. on a spot under the nose 在鼻子底下；在鼻子底下； 2. right in front of someone; openly 公然公然地地clarification (n.) (Line 95, Para. 12) added information to make something easier to understand 澄清；闡明澄清；闡明請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面

44、的句子。They asked for _ of the statements of the company. 他們要求得到關(guān)于公司聲明的他們要求得到關(guān)于公司聲明的進(jìn)一步的解釋進(jìn)一步的解釋。further clarification That newspaper _ of the incorrect statements about the effect of that medicine on its front page. 那家報(bào)紙?jiān)谄漕^版那家報(bào)紙?jiān)谄漕^版澄清了澄清了對(duì)于那種藥效的錯(cuò)誤的聲明。對(duì)于那種藥效的錯(cuò)誤的聲明。printed clarifications clarify (v.) ma

45、ke something easier to understand by explaining it more fully 澄清；闡明；使澄清；闡明；使明白明白You are supposed to clarify your stand at the meeting.你必須在會(huì)上你必須在會(huì)上闡明闡明自己的立場(chǎng)。自己的立場(chǎng)。 persist (vi.) (Line 102, Para. 13) to continue to exist; last 繼續(xù)存在繼續(xù)存在霧霧還有幾天才能散還有幾天才能散，所以提醒司機(jī)謹(jǐn)慎駕駛。，所以提醒司機(jī)謹(jǐn)慎駕駛。 Fog will persist for sever

46、al days, so drivers are warned to be careful.(2) (-in) to continue doing something with determination in spite of opposition 堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)持； 執(zhí)意執(zhí)意請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。如果你的弟弟如果你的弟弟繼續(xù)制造麻煩繼續(xù)制造麻煩，公司就不得不解雇他。，公司就不得不解雇他。If your brother _, the company may have to dismiss him.persists in causing troubleThe US president G

47、eorge. W. Bush _ to Iraq. 美國(guó)總統(tǒng)布什美國(guó)總統(tǒng)布什堅(jiān)持派更多軍隊(duì)堅(jiān)持派更多軍隊(duì)前往伊拉克。前往伊拉克。persists in sending more troops persistence (n.) persisting or being persistent 堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí)；持續(xù)；存留堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí)；持續(xù)；存留His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions.(Be to) Blame for: be responsible for 歸咎于歸咎于,責(zé)怪責(zé)怪Eg: 1. Wh

48、o is to blame for the loss? 這次損失誰(shuí)該負(fù)責(zé)這次損失誰(shuí)該負(fù)責(zé)? 2. The driver was not to blame for the accident. 這次事故怪不著司機(jī)。這次事故怪不著司機(jī)。Passage 1:1. Do you like to read detective stories? Are you familiar with Poirot(波羅波羅), Holmes（福爾摩斯）（福爾摩斯）, Conan（柯南）（柯南） or any other famous detectives?2. Comprehension questions of th

49、e passage: a. what is the attraction of Agathas books? b. What was the setting and background of her novels? c. Are there any differences between Agatha and contemporary crime writer?1. what is the attraction of Agathas books? (Para.2 & para.6) Easy to understand; is cleverly constructed; set a puzz

50、le for the reader and end with a solution; appeal to human curiosity; not a real world (safe and predictable world). 2. What was the setting and background of her novels? In Para.4 & para.5 3. Are there any differences between Agatha and contemporary crime writer? a. Modern crime novel (Line44-49) b

51、. Agathas cozy school of crime fiction (para.7) What are the messages that the author wants to convey in his story?It has been a labor of love.I fooled you again.Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent.這出于自己的喜好。這出于自己的喜好。你又上了我的當(dāng)。你又上了我的當(dāng)。有些人比別人

52、更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音樂(lè)有些人比別人更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音樂(lè)天賦一樣。天賦一樣。It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 它廣為不同年齡和不同文化背景的人所喜愛(ài)。它廣為不同年齡和不同文化背景的人所喜愛(ài)。Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another.Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theaters, and to r

53、adio and television.幾乎每一位滑稽說(shuō)笑演員都以這樣或那樣的方式幾乎每一位滑稽說(shuō)笑演員都以這樣或那樣的方式講過(guò)下面這個(gè)笑話。講過(guò)下面這個(gè)笑話。無(wú)論是在鄉(xiāng)村的舞臺(tái)上，還是在北京最大的劇院里，無(wú)論是在鄉(xiāng)村的舞臺(tái)上，還是在北京最大的劇院里，或是在廣播、電視上，或是在廣播、電視上， 隨處都能聽(tīng)到相聲。隨處都能聽(tīng)到相聲。Ding Cong is a master of word play.丁聰是位調(diào)皮話大師。丁聰是位調(diào)皮話大師。I dont think humor is to be blamed for that.我認(rèn)為這不是幽默的過(guò)我認(rèn)為這不是幽默的過(guò)錯(cuò)。錯(cuò)。處理英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯技巧處

54、理英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯技巧注意英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)注意英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn) 由于連詞、冠詞、介詞等功能詞的作用以及各種非謂語(yǔ)由于連詞、冠詞、介詞等功能詞的作用以及各種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和代表不同邏輯關(guān)系的從句等結(jié)構(gòu)形式的存動(dòng)詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和代表不同邏輯關(guān)系的從句等結(jié)構(gòu)形式的存在，使英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為修飾語(yǔ)多，聯(lián)合成份多，結(jié)構(gòu)在，使英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為修飾語(yǔ)多，聯(lián)合成份多，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，但是表達(dá)效果條理清晰，脈絡(luò)分明。復(fù)雜，但是表達(dá)效果條理清晰，脈絡(luò)分明。 例如：例如： We are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil

55、l needs which have been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living. 我們面臨著一種選擇：要么利用技術(shù)來(lái)提供并滿足一直被我們面臨著一種選擇：要么利用技術(shù)來(lái)提供并滿足一直被視為并無(wú)必要的各種需求，要么利用技術(shù)來(lái)縮短人們?yōu)榱司S持視為并無(wú)必要的各種需求，要么利用技術(shù)來(lái)縮短人們?yōu)榱司S持一定的生活

56、水準(zhǔn)而必須工作的時(shí)數(shù)。一定的生活水準(zhǔn)而必須工作的時(shí)數(shù)。 注意注意漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的特點(diǎn) 漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句字?jǐn)?shù)較多，結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，含有多層意思。但是漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句字?jǐn)?shù)較多，結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，含有多層意思。但是由于傾向于短句的使用，所以通過(guò)合理的安排，在表達(dá)效果由于傾向于短句的使用，所以通過(guò)合理的安排，在表達(dá)效果上也能做到層次清楚，含義清晰，語(yǔ)氣連貫。例如：上也能做到層次清楚，含義清晰，語(yǔ)氣連貫。例如： 你們將要進(jìn)行考察的這座城市，曾經(jīng)是聞名世界的四大文明你們將要進(jìn)行考察的這座城市，曾經(jīng)是聞名世界的四大文明古城之一。擺在你們面前的印刷品，會(huì)使你們對(duì)該城市有個(gè)基本古城之一。擺在你們面前的印刷品，會(huì)使你們對(duì)該城市有個(gè)

57、基本概念：它如何形成；從初具雛形它就帶著何種與生俱來(lái)的發(fā)展趨概念：它如何形成；從初具雛形它就帶著何種與生俱來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；而這些趨勢(shì)又如何使它在建筑風(fēng)格上形成今天這種格局。勢(shì)；而這些趨勢(shì)又如何使它在建筑風(fēng)格上形成今天這種格局。 You will have a general idea from the handout which you have in front of you of how this city originated, which had once been one of the worlds four famous civilized cities and into which

58、 an investigation is going to be made; of what developmental trends were built into it, as it were, from the very outset; and of how these trends have made what it is today in its architectural style.翻譯英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的步驟分析翻譯英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的步驟分析-前提與原則前提與原則 英譯漢長(zhǎng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換在于分清原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和所表英譯漢長(zhǎng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換在于分清原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和所表達(dá)的概念、關(guān)系與功能。根據(jù)具體的分析

59、結(jié)果，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的概念、關(guān)系與功能。根據(jù)具體的分析結(jié)果，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的句式、關(guān)鍵連詞與合理的邏輯順序，通過(guò)一定的翻譯技達(dá)的句式、關(guān)鍵連詞與合理的邏輯順序，通過(guò)一定的翻譯技巧將原文譯出。巧將原文譯出。分清主次：重點(diǎn)在于找準(zhǔn)簡(jiǎn)單句的分清主次：重點(diǎn)在于找準(zhǔn)簡(jiǎn)單句的主干、主干、 并列句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)并列句的側(cè)重點(diǎn)及復(fù)合句的關(guān)系性質(zhì)。及復(fù)合句的關(guān)系性質(zhì)。把握語(yǔ)態(tài)：將英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句譯成漢把握語(yǔ)態(tài)：將英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句。語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句。遵循英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句翻譯的兩個(gè)分析原則遵循英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句翻譯的兩個(gè)分析原則:翻譯英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的步驟安排翻譯英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的步驟安排1. 緊縮主干緊縮主干 2. 區(qū)分主從區(qū)分主從 3. 辨析詞義辨析詞義4.

60、分清層次分清層次 5. 調(diào)整搭配調(diào)整搭配 6. 潤(rùn)飾選詞潤(rùn)飾選詞 以下介紹幾種常見(jiàn)的翻譯技巧，但是由于翻譯長(zhǎng)以下介紹幾種常見(jiàn)的翻譯技巧，但是由于翻譯長(zhǎng)句是一種難度較高的綜合技能，因此在實(shí)際翻譯過(guò)程句是一種難度較高的綜合技能，因此在實(shí)際翻譯過(guò)程中，往往幾種方式同時(shí)使用。中，往往幾種方式同時(shí)使用。1. 順譯分段法順譯分段法 2. 拆譯法拆譯法 3. 倒置法倒置法 4. 插入法插入法 5. 重組法重組法 在以后的單元里將對(duì)這幾種方法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹。在以后的單元里將對(duì)這幾種方法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹。 寫(xiě)作實(shí)踐寫(xiě)作實(shí)踐例文例文: How College Students Spend Their Leisure