Unit1語法（過去分詞）

1、GrammarThe Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative 過去分詞具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，同時(shí)兼過去分詞具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，同時(shí)兼有形容詞或副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以作有形容詞或副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。定語定語在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分。在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分。表語表語是謂語的一部分，位于系動(dòng)詞是謂語的一部分，位于系動(dòng)詞之后，說明主語身份、特征或狀態(tài)。之后，說明主語身份、特征或狀態(tài)。Practice1. a retired teacher 一位退休的教師一位退休的教師2. an honore

2、d guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人 3. The library is now closed. 圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了。圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了。4. You seem frightened. 你看樣子受了驚嚇。你看樣子受了驚嚇。 (attribute)(attribute)(predicative)(predicative)Discovering Useful Structures P41.Find more examples in the reading passage where the past participle is used as attribute and predicati

3、ve.1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 3) He got interested in the two theories. 4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. (Attribute)(Attribute)(Predicative)(Predicative)一、一、作定語修飾名詞或代詞作定語修飾名詞或代詞 1 1、單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般放在名

4、詞的前面，單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面. .1.The encouraged people are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago. 2 2、過去分詞修飾、過去分詞修飾 something, something, everything, an

5、ything, nothing, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobodysomebody, nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞等不定代詞或指示代詞thosethose時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。He is one of those invited. Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him. 3 3、 有些過去分詞作前置定語和有些過去分詞作前置定語和后置定語時(shí)意義不同。后置定語時(shí)意義不同。in the given timewith the words given

6、a concerned lookthe people concerneda wanted personworkers wanted在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)用所給的單詞用所給的單詞關(guān)切的神情關(guān)切的神情有關(guān)人士有關(guān)人士被通緝的人被通緝的人招聘工人招聘工人二、作表語二、作表語 1 1、表示主語的、表示主語的心理感覺心理感覺或所處的或所處的狀態(tài)狀態(tài)。許多動(dòng)詞的。許多動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：過去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, ple

7、ased, surprised, lostpleased, surprised, lost等。等。The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。窗戶碎了。Dont get so excited. 別這么激動(dòng)。別這么激動(dòng)。（）作表語的（）作表語的過去分詞，被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表過去分詞，被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。（）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞，動(dòng)作意味很強(qiáng)，句（）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞，動(dòng)作意味很強(qiáng)，句子主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，后常跟子主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，后常跟by短語。短語。 2、過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別、過去分詞作表語

8、與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別： The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.（3）作表語的過去分詞前可以有修飾）作表語的過去分詞前可以有修飾語，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞前不能加修語，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞前不能加修飾語。飾語。 The glass was broken by Tom. Your composition is well written.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上語態(tài)上現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分

9、詞: 表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作過去分詞過去分詞: 表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作2.時(shí)間上時(shí)間上現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過去分詞過去分詞: 表示完成的意思表示完成的意思I heard someone opening the door .I heard the door opened . the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語的主語的特

10、征、特性特征、特性。 過去分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子過去分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語的主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)心理感受或狀態(tài)。 a moving film a moved audience The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.Practice 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. With a lot of dif

11、ferent problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled3. Dont use words, expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. When I got back, I saw a message

12、 to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. calledA6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.

13、had been invitedA7、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B.to be written C. being written D.writtenDB8、 Who is the man to your father just now? Who is the man to just now? A.speaking B. spoken 9、The building last year is sevent

14、y meters high. The building now is seventy meters high. The building next month is seventy meters high. A. built B. to be built C. being builtABABC10、An agreement tomorrow will do good to every one of us. A. to be signed B. being signed C. signed11、The plan for the trip by our teacher next week is v

15、ery important. A. made B. to be made C. being made 12、 The Olympic games , in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playingABC13、Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to

16、pay14、As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed15、The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the ship was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating CAC修飾修飾look, smile, voice, facelook, smile, voice, face等能表示人的感受的過去分詞等能表示人的感受的過去分詞. .(1)From his _ look on his face, the price of meat must have risen. A. disappointed B. disappointing(2) He hung up the phone with a _ smile on his fa