toolmaterials

1、 T TOOLOOL MMATERIALSATERIALS教學(xué)目標(biāo)及要求教學(xué)目標(biāo)及要求 1.1.掌握課文中有關(guān)工具鋼方面的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語；掌握課文中有關(guān)工具鋼方面的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語； 2.2.結(jié)合工具鋼的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)閱讀課文，提高翻譯能力。結(jié)合工具鋼的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)閱讀課文，提高翻譯能力。 重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn) 1.1.工具鋼的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語；工具鋼的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語； 2.2.翻譯課文：工具材料種類詞匯；翻譯課文：工具材料種類詞匯； 金屬材料的物理、力學(xué)性能詞匯。金屬材料的物理、力學(xué)性能詞匯。u難句分析及翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)難句分析及翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) PartPart（） 翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介翻譯的基礎(chǔ)

2、知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介 一、什么是翻譯？一、什么是翻譯？教學(xué)思路設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)思路設(shè)計(jì) 時(shí)間分配（共時(shí)間分配（共100min100min）：）： 1.1.講解課文中的專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語；講解課文中的專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語； 2.2.講解課后生詞、大聲朗讀；講解課后生詞、大聲朗讀； 3.3.翻譯課文，注意穿插相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)；翻譯課文，注意穿插相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)； 4.4.分析難點(diǎn)句型，講解翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；分析難點(diǎn)句型，講解翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)； 5.5.學(xué)生答疑。學(xué)生答疑。 C CONTENTSONTENTSBackground KnowledgeBackground KnowledgeNew Words and PhrasedNew Wo

3、rds and PhrasedQuestionsQuestionsGlossary of TermsGlossary of TermsText Analysis Text Analysis Language Points & Translating Language Points & Translating TechniquesTechniquesReading Materials Reading Materials Summary Summary ReferencesReferencesB BACKGROUNDACKGROUND K KNOWLEDGENOWLEDGE工具鋼工具鋼工具鋼是用以

4、制造切削刀具、量具、模具和工具鋼是用以制造切削刀具、量具、模具和耐磨工具的鋼種。工具鋼具有較高的硬度和在高耐磨工具的鋼種。工具鋼具有較高的硬度和在高溫下能保持高硬度、紅硬性，以及高的耐磨性和溫下能保持高硬度、紅硬性，以及高的耐磨性和適當(dāng)?shù)捻g性。適當(dāng)?shù)捻g性。工具鋼一般分為碳素工具鋼、合金工具鋼和工具鋼一般分為碳素工具鋼、合金工具鋼和高速工具鋼三種。高速工具鋼三種。 carbon tool steels Tool steels alloy tool steels high speed tool steelsNNEWEW W WORDSORDS ANDAND E EXPRESSIONSXPRESSI

5、ONSuTerms：MetalMetal metl 金屬金屬 iron an 鐵 steel sti:l 鋼 aluminum lju:minm 鋁 magnesium mgni:zim 鎂 zinc zk 鋅 bismuth bzm 鉍 copper kp(r) 銅 lead li:d 鉛Non-metalNon-metal： 非金屬非金屬wood 木材plastics 塑料rubber rb(r) 橡膠ceramics srmks 陶瓷材料diamond 金剛石epoxy pksi resin rezn 環(huán)氧樹脂NNEWEW W WORDSORDS ANDAND E EXPRESSIONS

6、XPRESSIONS 3. Characteristics3. Characteristics：性能：性能/ /特性特性 strengthstrength stre 強(qiáng)度強(qiáng)度 hardness hardness 硬度硬度 toughness toughness 韌性韌性 brittlenessbrittleness brtlns 脆性脆性 plasticityplasticity plststi 塑性塑性/ /可塑性可塑性 ductilityductility dktlt 可鍛性可鍛性 malleabilitymalleability mlblt 可延壓性可延壓性 NNEWEW W WORDS

7、ORDS ANDAND E EXPRESSIONSXPRESSIONSelasticityelasticity i:lststi 彈性彈性wear resistancewear resistance w rizistns 耐磨性耐磨性dimensional stabilitydimensional stability dmennl stbiliti 尺寸穩(wěn)定性尺寸穩(wěn)定性thermal conductivitythermal conductivity :ml kndktvti: 導(dǎo)熱性導(dǎo)熱性electrical conductivity electrical conductivity 導(dǎo)電性導(dǎo)電

8、性rate of thermal expansionrate of thermal expansion kspnn 熱膨脹率熱膨脹率melting point melting point 熔點(diǎn)熔點(diǎn)modulus of elasticitymodulus of elasticity mdjuls v lststi: 彈性模量彈性模量NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSferrous fers a. 鐵的，含鐵的，亞鐵的alloy l 合金; （合金中的）劣等金屬; 攙雜品; 成色 other than prep. 不同，不同于，不; 除了; 絕不是 e.g. Does anybod

9、y other than yourself know this?除你本人之外還有別人知道這事嗎?I have never known him behave other than selfishly.我知道他一向自私自利。練一練：除了他以外她沒有好朋友。除了坐船, 你無法去那里。他當(dāng)然只會(huì)對(duì)此感到煩惱。TEXT The Three Major Categories of Tool Materials:uFerrous tool materials have iron as a base metal Ferrous tool materials have iron as a base metal

10、and include tool steel, alloy steel, carbon steel, and include tool steel, alloy steel, carbon steel, and cast iron. and cast iron. uNonferrous materials have a base metal other than Nonferrous materials have a base metal other than iron and include aluminum, magnesium, zinc, lead, iron and include

11、aluminum, magnesium, zinc, lead, bismuth, copper, and a variety of alloys.bismuth, copper, and a variety of alloys.uNonmetallic materials are those materials such as Nonmetallic materials are those materials such as woods, plastics, rubbers, epoxy resins, ceramics, woods, plastics, rubbers, epoxy re

12、sins, ceramics, and diamonds that do not have a metallic base.and diamonds that do not have a metallic base. FYR：黑色金屬是以鐵作為金屬基體，包括工具鋼、合金鋼、碳鋼和鑄鐵。有色金屬是指以除鐵以外的其他元素作為金屬基體，包括鋁、鎂、鋅、鉛、鉍、銅和大量的合金。 非金屬材料是那些不含金屬基體的材料，例如木材、塑料、橡膠、環(huán)氧樹脂、陶瓷和金剛石。 T TEXTEXT Physical And Mechanical Properties of a Material:Physical And

13、 Mechanical Properties of a Material:uPhysical propertiesPhysical properties are those properties which are are those properties which are natural in the material and cannot be permanently natural in the material and cannot be permanently altered without changing the material itself. altered without

14、 changing the material itself. Include:Include: weight, color, thermal and electrical weight, color, thermal and electrical conductivity, rate of thermal expansion, and melting conductivity, rate of thermal expansion, and melting point.point.力學(xué)性能力學(xué)性能uThe The mechanical propertiesmechanical propertie

15、s of a material are those of a material are those properties which can be permanently altered by properties which can be permanently altered by thermal or mechanical treatment. thermal or mechanical treatment. Include:Include: strength, hardness, wear resistance, strength, hardness, wear resistance,

16、 toughness, brittleness, plasticity, ductility, toughness, brittleness, plasticity, ductility, malleability, and modulus of elasticity. malleability, and modulus of elasticity. 物理性能物理性能Q QUESTIONSUESTIONSWhat is meant by the termWhat is meant by the term“physical properties physical properties of a

17、materialof a material”? ?What are the mechanical properties of a What are the mechanical properties of a materialmaterialWhat makes a material either ferrous or What makes a material either ferrous or nonferrous?nonferrous?What are some applications of tool steels?What are some applications of tool

18、steels?G GLOSSARYLOSSARY OFOF T TERMSERMS1 1carbidecarbide k:bad tool tool 硬質(zhì)合金刀具硬質(zhì)合金刀具2 2alloy tool steel alloy tool steel 合金工具鋼合金工具鋼3 3alloy cast iron alloy cast iron 合金鑄鐵合金鑄鐵4 4carboncarbon k:bn steel steel 碳素鋼碳素鋼5 5carbon tool steel carbon tool steel 碳素工具鋼碳素工具鋼6 6cast iron cast iron 鑄鐵鑄鐵7 7cast

19、steel cast steel 鑄鋼鑄鋼8 8die block steel die block steel 模具鋼，塊鋼模具鋼，塊鋼9 9die material die material 模具材料模具材料1010free cutting steel free cutting steel 易切削鋼易切削鋼1111high alloy steel high alloy steel 高合金鋼高合金鋼1212high carbon steel high carbon steel 高碳鋼高碳鋼1313low alloy steel low alloy steel 低合金鋼低合金鋼1414low c

20、arbon steel low carbon steel 低碳鋼低碳鋼1515shock resistant tool steel shock resistant tool steel 抗沖擊工具鋼抗沖擊工具鋼1616cold work toolcold work tool（diedie）steel steel 冷作工具（模具）鋼冷作工具（模具）鋼1717hot work toolhot work tool（diedie）steel steel 熱作工具（模具）鋼熱作工具（模具）鋼1818nodularnodular ndjl graphite graphite grfat iron iron

21、 球墨球墨鑄鐵鑄鐵1919malleablemalleable mlibl cast iron cast iron 可鍛鑄鐵可鍛鑄鐵2020mottledmottled mtld cast iron cast iron 麻口鑄鐵麻口鑄鐵R READINGEADING M MATERIALSATERIALS Carbon SteelsCarbon Steels Carbon steels are used extensively in tool Carbon steels are used extensively in tool construction. Carbon steels are t

22、hose steels which construction. Carbon steels are those steels which only contain iron and carbon, and small amounts of only contain iron and carbon, and small amounts of other alloying elements. Carbon steels are the other alloying elements. Carbon steels are the most common and least expensive typ

23、e of steel used most common and least expensive type of steel used for tools.for tools.C CARBONARBON S STEELSTEELSThe three principal types of carbon steels used for The three principal types of carbon steels used for tooling are low carbon, medium carbon, and high tooling are low carbon, medium car

24、bon, and high carbon steels. carbon steels. Low carbon steel contains carbon between 0.05% and Low carbon steel contains carbon between 0.05% and 0.3%. 0.3%. Medium carbon steel contains carbon between 0.3% Medium carbon steel contains carbon between 0.3% and 0.7%. Andand 0.7%. Andhigh carbon steel

25、contains carbon between 0.7% and high carbon steel contains carbon between 0.7% and 1.5%. 1.5%. As the carbon content is increased in carbon steel, As the carbon content is increased in carbon steel, the strength, toughness, and hardness are also the strength, toughness, and hardness are also increa

26、sed when the metal is heat treated.increased when the metal is heat treated.USEFUL EXPRESSIONSmachine mi:n n. 機(jī)器，機(jī)械; 機(jī)械般的人 vt.用機(jī)器制造，用機(jī)器加工 vi.被機(jī)器切削 e.g. The material is machinedmachined in a factory.這種材料在一家工廠里用機(jī)器加工成型。If you say that someone is a machine, you mean that they are so tired or bored that

27、they do their work without thinking. If you machine something, you make it or work on it using a machine. case harden 表面硬化application plken n. 適用，應(yīng)用tool body 刀體handle 手柄，柄狀物die shoes模座stud std n. 飾釘，鞋釘，大頭釘pin pn 釘; 別針，扣針，飾針; 大頭針nut nt 螺母，螺帽Low carbon steels are soft, tough steels that are Low carbon

28、 steels are soft, tough steels that are easily machined and welded. Due to their low carbon easily machined and welded. Due to their low carbon content, these steels cannot be hardened except by content, these steels cannot be hardened except by case hardening. Low carbon steels are well suited case

29、 hardening. Low carbon steels are well suited for the following applications: tool bodies, handles, for the following applications: tool bodies, handles, die shoes, and similar situations where strength and die shoes, and similar situations where strength and wear resistance are not required.wear re

30、sistance are not required.Medium carbon steels are used where greater strength Medium carbon steels are used where greater strength and toughness is required. Since medium carbon and toughness is required. Since medium carbon steels have a higher carbon content, they can be steels have a higher carb

31、on content, they can be heat treated to make parts such as studs, pins, heat treated to make parts such as studs, pins, axles, and nuts. Steels in this group are more axles, and nuts. Steels in this group are more expensive as well as more difficult to machine and expensive as well as more difficult

32、 to machine and weld than low carbon steels.weld than low carbon steels.Useful words and expressionsdrill bushings dril bui 鉆套locator lket(r) 定位器，定位儀wear pad耐磨片，耐磨器High carbon steels are the most hardenable type of High carbon steels are the most hardenable type of carbon steel and are used frequent

33、ly for parts carbon steel and are used frequently for parts where wear resistance is an important factor. Other where wear resistance is an important factor. Other applications where high carbon steels are well applications where high carbon steels are well suited include drill bushings, locators, a

34、nd wear suited include drill bushings, locators, and wear pads. Since the carbon content of these steels is pads. Since the carbon content of these steels is so high, parts made from high carbon steel are so high, parts made from high carbon steel are normally difficult to machine and weld.normally

35、difficult to machine and weld.A ALLOYLLOY S STEELSTEELSAlloy steels are basically carbon steels with Alloy steels are basically carbon steels with additional elements added to alter the characterisadditional elements added to alter the characteristics and bring about a predictable change in the tics

36、 and bring about a predictable change in the mechanical properties of the alloyed metal. Alloy mechanical properties of the alloyed metal. Alloy steels are not normally used for most tools due to steels are not normally used for most tools due to their increased cost, but some have been found favor

37、their increased cost, but some have been found favor for special applications. The alloying elements used for special applications. The alloying elements used most often in steels are manganese, nickel, most often in steels are manganese, nickel, molybdenum and chromium.molybdenum and chromium.Anoth

38、er type of alloy steel frequently used for Another type of alloy steel frequently used for tooling applications is stainless steel. Stainless tooling applications is stainless steel. Stainless steel is a term used to describe high chromium and steel is a term used to describe high chromium and nicke

39、lnickelchromium steels. These steels are used for chromium steels. These steels are used for tools which must resist high temperatures and tools which must resist high temperatures and corrosive atmospheres.corrosive atmospheres. D DIEIE S STEELSTEELSThe die material is relevant directly to the die

40、The die material is relevant directly to the die life as well as die cost. Recently, the commonly life as well as die cost. Recently, the commonly used die steel for cold blanking is as follows:used die steel for cold blanking is as follows:The carbon tool steel T8A, T10A, T12A are the The carbon to

41、ol steel T8A, T10A, T12A are the cheapest and the most widely used. Its hardness cheapest and the most widely used. Its hardness after annealing is lower than that of the alloy after annealing is lower than that of the alloy steel. It has good machining property, and the steel. It has good machining

42、 property, and the process of forging, annealing and quenching is easy process of forging, annealing and quenching is easy to be mastered. It is suitable to manufacture the to be mastered. It is suitable to manufacture the working parts of the blanking die with small size working parts of the blanki

43、ng die with small size and simple shape. But its hardenability and abrasionand simple shape. But its hardenability and abrasionresistant are bad, its quench distortion is large resistant are bad, its quench distortion is large and its working life is short.and its working life is short.The low alloy

44、 tool steel, such as CrWMn, 9CrSi, The low alloy tool steel, such as CrWMn, 9CrSi, 9Mn2V etc, can be quenched by oil, therefore it has 9Mn2V etc, can be quenched by oil, therefore it has a good hardenability and a small quench distortion. a good hardenability and a small quench distortion. Comparing

45、 with T10A, 9Mn2V has a higher hardness and Comparing with T10A, 9Mn2V has a higher hardness and abrasionabrasionresistance, and also has a good machining resistance, and also has a good machining perty.wMaterials for manufacturing the die parts and their best heat treatment rulesL LANGU

46、AGEANGUAGE P POINTSOINTS & T & TRANSLATINGRANSLATING T TECHNIQUESECHNIQUES Example 1: Example 1: To properly select a tool material, there are To properly select a tool material, there are several physical and mechanical properties you several physical and mechanical properties you should understand

47、 to determine how the materials should understand to determine how the materials you select will affect the function and operation you select will affect the function and operation of the tool.of the tool. 為了選擇工具材料，你應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握材料的一些物理性為了選擇工具材料，你應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握材料的一些物理性能和力學(xué)性能，以便確定所選材料對(duì)工具的功能和操作會(huì)能和力學(xué)性能，以便確定所選材料對(duì)工具的功能和操作會(huì)

48、有何影響。有何影響。 不定式不定式to properly select a tool material to properly select a tool material 放在放在句首用作目的狀語；句首用作目的狀語；you select you select 為定語從句修飾前面的為定語從句修飾前面的the materialsthe materials。 Example 2: Example 2: A great effort is made to keep porosity, segreA great effort is made to keep porosity, segregation,

49、 impurities, and nonmetallic inclusions to gation, impurities, and nonmetallic inclusions to as low a level as possible.as low a level as possible. ( (對(duì)于工具鋼的冶煉對(duì)于工具鋼的冶煉) )，要最大限度地降低鋼中的氣孔，要最大限度地降低鋼中的氣孔、偏析、雜質(zhì)以及非金屬夾雜物的含量。、偏析、雜質(zhì)以及非金屬夾雜物的含量。 這里的這里的a great effort is madea great effort is made是是make a great

50、make a great effort effort 的被動(dòng)形式，意為的被動(dòng)形式，意為“盡一切努力或盡量盡一切努力或盡量“。在科。在科技英語中表示主語為技英語中表示主語為”人們?nèi)藗儭暗臅r(shí)候，一般使用被動(dòng)結(jié)的時(shí)候，一般使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)或者用構(gòu)或者用oneone做主語的主動(dòng)句。做主語的主動(dòng)句。 Example 3 : Example 3 : From a composition standpoint , tool steels are From a composition standpoint , tool steels are carbon alloy steels which are capabl

51、e of being carbon alloy steels which are capable of being hardened and tempered hardened and tempered ( (從化學(xué)組成來說，工具鋼是能夠被淬硬并能經(jīng)過回火從化學(xué)組成來說，工具鋼是能夠被淬硬并能經(jīng)過回火變韌的碳素合金鋼。）變韌的碳素合金鋼。） 這里限定性定語從句這里限定性定語從句which are capable of being which are capable of being hardened and temperedhardened and tempered修飾先行詞修飾先行詞carb

52、on alloy steels carbon alloy steels 。andand連接兩個(gè)并列的一般式動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，做連接兩個(gè)并列的一般式動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，做ofof的賓語，的賓語， capable of being hardened and temperedcapable of being hardened and tempered做主語補(bǔ)足語。）做主語補(bǔ)足語。）E EXAMPLEXAMPLE 4 : 4 :PartPart（） 翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介一、什么是翻譯一、什么是翻譯翻譯是各個(gè)不同民族之間進(jìn)行溝通和交流的工具。翻譯本身翻譯是各個(gè)不同民族之間進(jìn)行溝通和交流的工具。翻譯本身是一種語言活動(dòng)，是利用一種語言把另一種語言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)是一種語言活動(dòng)，是利用一種語言把另一種語言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容重新表達(dá)出來。翻譯與創(chuàng)作不同，翻譯者不能任意地表達(dá)容重新表達(dá)出來。翻譯與創(chuàng)作不同，翻譯者不能任意地表達(dá)自己的思想，他只能準(zhǔn)確而完整地傳達(dá)原作的思想內(nèi)容。自己的思想，他只能準(zhǔn)確而完整地傳達(dá)原作的思想內(nèi)容。然而各民族之間由于文化背景的不同，生活習(xí)慣的差異，在然而各民族之間由于文化背景的不同，生活習(xí)慣的差異，在語言的表達(dá)上也必然存在著千差萬別。各有其特點(diǎn)，各有其語言的表達(dá)上也必然存在著千差萬別。各有其特點(diǎn)，各有其