unit3_grammar_賓語從句與表語從句

1、Noun Clauses(名詞性從句名詞性從句)Subject Clause (主語從句主語從句)Appositive Clause（同位語從句）（同位語從句）Object Clause（賓語從句）（賓語從句）Predicative Clause（表語從句）（表語從句）名詞性從句名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于的作用相當(dāng)于名詞名詞，因此主語從句、表語從句因此主語從句、表語從句 、賓語從句和同位語從句分別賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。和同位語。Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know

2、what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句 同位語從句同位語從句That/wh-clause + v +主語從句主語從句S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表語從句表語從句S + vt + that/wh-clause賓語從句賓語從句S + vi + prep + wh-clause賓語從句賓語從句 ( (引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞): :從

3、屬連詞從屬連詞(不作成分）不作成分）連接代詞連接代詞（作成分）（作成分）連接副詞連接副詞（作狀語）（作狀語）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+everthat, whether, ifwhen, where, how, why I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語主語 謂語謂語賓語賓語（簡單句）（簡單句）主語主語謂語謂語賓賓 語語 從從 句句連詞連詞從句主語從句主語 從句謂語從句謂語 主主 句句（復(fù)合句）（復(fù)合句）什么是什么是賓語賓語？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (

4、that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 賓語賓語位于謂語動詞或者介詞后位于謂語動詞或者介詞后一、賓語從句的概念從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，位置：通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動位置：通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。詞）或介詞之后。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. We can learn what we do not know. He will tal

5、k to us about what he saw in the U.S.A. I dont know where we will hold the meeting.二、賓語從句三要素二、賓語從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語語 序序時時 態(tài)態(tài)由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接代詞由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和連接副詞和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（一）引導(dǎo)詞1 12 23 3e.g. I hear

6、 (that) _. He said (that) _. 1.The teacher told us (that) _ _. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句注注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略省略around the sun引導(dǎo)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that一般都可以省一般都可以省去，但是當(dāng)及物動詞后跟兩個或兩去，但是當(dāng)及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以

7、上的賓語從句時，只有第一個個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省略?？梢允÷浴?The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.that不能省略的不能省略的2種情況種情況（1）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that作介詞作介詞 賓語時賓語時They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing. （2）用）用it做形式賓語的賓

8、語從句時做形式賓語的賓語從句時（ it常可以放在動詞?？梢苑旁趧釉~think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語為形式賓語，而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾）從句則放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I want to know _ _.2. Ask him

9、_. 3. I wonder _.4. Could you tell me_? if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or notif/ whether “是否是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask, wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后。等后。 whether(if) Mr Li lives here只能用只能用 whetherwhether不能用不能用

10、 if if 的情況的情況1. 在介詞后面：在介詞后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2. 在動詞不定式前在動詞不定式前(whether to do sth.) ： They asked me whether to go skating.3.當(dāng)與當(dāng)與or not連用，或連用，或提出兩種選擇提出兩種選擇時時: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was d

11、oing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4. 賓語從句提前時：賓語從句提前時： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I

12、dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether 由連接代詞由連接代詞 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和連接副詞和連接副詞 where ,how ,why, when引引導(dǎo)的賓語從句導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_3. He asked_ who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class連接代詞或副詞連接主句和從句

13、，并連接代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。意義，不可省略。 4. Do you know _? 5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _? 7. Could you tell me _? when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late賓語從句的語序用賓語從句的語序用陳述語序陳述語序：連接詞連接詞+ +主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ +其他成分其他成分His b

14、rother asks when he will go to the library . 主句主句+連接詞連接詞+從句（主從句（主+謂謂+其他成分）其他成分）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 主語為第一人稱，主句謂語動詞為，主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，等， 其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式句謂語用肯定式。翻譯句子 I dont think this dress fits you well. I

15、dont think you are right. 我認為你今天無法完成工作我認為你今天無法完成工作。 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認為你是錯的。我認為你是錯的。 I dont believe you will finish the work today. I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow . 主句用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可主句用現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句可用任何時態(tài)，用任何時態(tài)，根據(jù)實際情況而定根據(jù)實際情況而定。

16、2.2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相去進行時），從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時（一般過去時，過去進對應(yīng)的過去的某種時（一般過去時，過去進行時行時, ,過去將來時，過去完成時）過去將來時，過去完成時）vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .3. 從句說明的是一般真

17、理、客觀事實、從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。自然現(xiàn)象時，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun.4. 從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生作發(fā)生 在主句動作前，仍用一般過去在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。時。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.賓語從句三要素

18、時時 態(tài)態(tài)Summary (小結(jié)）小結(jié)）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語語 序序常見的系動詞分為三種：常見的系動詞分為三種：A表示特征和狀態(tài)：表示特征和狀態(tài)： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等等 B表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)：表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)： get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等等C表示某種狀態(tài)的：表示某種狀態(tài)的： remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等等表語從句表語從句表語從句就是從句在主句中作表語從句就是從句在主句中作表語表語的名

19、的名詞性從句，放在詞性從句，放在系動詞系動詞之后之后我們的目的是他能認識到錯誤。我們的目的是他能認識到錯誤。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。問題是它是否值得做。問題是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.表語從句表示表語從句表示“是否是否” 只用只用“whetherwhether” 而不用而不用“ifif”試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this

20、the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?( (表從表從) )( (定從定從) )( (定從定從) )注意注意1：that / what的辨用的辨用1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.4.He told us _ he felt ill.WhatThatwhat（that） 5.The result is _ we

21、 won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. 8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.thatwhatwhatthat9.His father is satisfied with _ he has done.10.The reason was _ Tod had never seen the million pound bank-note.whatthat 1.that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)

22、任何成分，只起連接作用何成分，只起連接作用 2. what除起連接作用外，還在除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。從句的主語、賓語、或表語。Ruleswhether與與if的辨用的辨用1.Whether it is true remains a problem.2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true.3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony.4.It depends on whether we have got eno

23、ugh money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important. 7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 8.I dont know whether it is right or not. 1.在由形式主語在由形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句及在引導(dǎo)的主語從句及在vt后面的賓語從句中，表后面的賓語從句中，表“是否是否”， whether/if 都可以用；都可以用； 2.在前置主語從句

24、、表語從句、同位在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在介詞后面的賓語從句中，語從句和跟在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表表“是否是否”， 只能用只能用whether； 3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能換成不能換成ifRules1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A.