（精心整理）簡單句的6種類型和句子成分的分析

1、英語三大基本句型句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡單句、并列句和主從句。 1、 簡單句簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。We all learn English.(一個主語和一個謂語）My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.（一個并列主語和一個謂語）He once lived and worked there.(一個主語和一個并列謂語)1.主語+謂語這種句型簡稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其謂語一般都是不及物動詞，例： Things change.事物是變化的。 Nobody went.沒有人去。 -Did you go b

2、y sea？你們走的是海路嗎？ -NO，we flew.不，我們是飛去。 2.主語+連系動詞+表語這種句型稱為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其實連系動詞在形式上也是一種謂語動詞，但實質(zhì)上表語成了謂語，例： Mr. Turner is an artist.特納先生是位畫家。 The milk turned sour.牛奶變酸了。 She became a lawyer.她當了律師。 3.主語+謂語+賓語這種句型可稱為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，它的謂語一般多是及物動詞，例： We never beat children.我們從來不打孩子。 My sister will fix everything.我姐姐會料理一切。 4.主語+

3、謂語+賓語+賓語這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)，其謂語應是可有雙賓語的及物動詞，兩個賓語一個是間接賓語，一個是直接賓語，例： He gave the book to his sister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。 Ill write you a long letter.我將寫給你一封長信。 5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補這種句型可簡稱為主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，其補語是賓語補語，與賓語一起即構(gòu)成復合賓語，例： I found the book easy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。（形容詞easy作補語） Ill let him go.我將讓他去。（不定式go用作補語） 注意：有時兩個或更多的并列主語擁有一個共同的謂語，甚

4、至并列有兩個主語和兩個謂語，這樣的句子仍然是簡單句，例： China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中國和東亞其它國家正在迅速地發(fā)展。（China and other countries并列主語） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。6. There be +主語+狀語（表示時間或則地點的狀語）這種句型是一種常見的特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示存在。There is（not）a twin bed in the

5、room.房間里有（沒有）一張雙人床。There are (not) a lot of tourists waiting for their turns.有（沒有）許多游客在等著。There will be rain tomorrow.明天將有雨。There must be something wrong.一定有什么毛病了。 二、 句子成分分析（定語）主語（狀語）謂語（定語）賓語（狀語）如：(Thetall)boy(often)go(tothebig)zoo.(Thehappy)childwent(his)home（yesterday）句子成分劃分巧計主在前，謂在中，賓語狀語后面沖。短語定語住

6、賓后，形代定語住賓前。間賓直賓緊相連，直間之間to,for連。賓補位于賓語后，地狀常在時狀前。一 主語：是一個句子的主體，一般放在謂語之前，是動作的實施者。主語由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動詞-ing形式或從句充當。1.Mary is a good students.(名詞)2.Unity is strength.(名詞)3.He enjoys walking in the fields.（代詞）4.Four plus six is ten.（數(shù)詞）5.To work hard is important.（不定式短語）6.It is my job to teach them English.（

7、不定式短語是真正的主語，it為形式主語）7.Smoking is bad for health.（動詞-ing形式作主語）8.When we shall go back has not been decided yet.（從句作主語，即主語從句）二 謂語：用來說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，表明主語是什么，做什么，或怎么樣。謂語由動詞擔當，可由各種時態(tài)的動詞表示1.Great hopes make great men.（動詞）2.She looked after him two years ago.（動詞詞組）3.I shall answer your question after class.（助動詞

8、動詞）4.She can speak English very well.（情態(tài)動詞動詞）5.The dictionary is mine.（連系動詞表語）6.She looks happy.（連系動詞表語）三 賓語：表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者，由名詞，代詞，不定式，相當于名詞的詞或從句充當充當,一般放在及物動詞或介詞的后面。（一）單賓語1.Paper catches fire easily.(名詞)2.He will do anything for her.（代詞）3.She is listening to play the violin.(不定式短語)4.He doesnt like

9、swimming.(動詞-ing形式)5.He said that he would come.(從句，即賓語從句)（二）雙賓語（直接賓語sth間接賓語sb）常見的帶雙賓語的動詞有：givebringbuygetlendmakeofferpassteachtellwritereadshowsendleave return1.Mother bought me a shirt yesterday.2.She taught us English then.3.I send my mother two letters last month.(三)復合賓語（賓語賓語補足語）有些及物動詞帶了賓語后，還需要

10、有一個補足成分，才能使句意完整，即補充說明賓語，能都充當賓補的詞有名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）常跟賓補的動詞有：有allow,ask,advise,call,elect,keep,consider,make,see,name,have,get,help,wish,let,feel,hear,findsmell.1.We elected him our monitor.（名詞）2.I want him back.（副詞）3.Cellphones make it possible for us to anyone from anywhere.形容詞 4.The

11、doctor advised me to have more exercises.（不定式短語）5.I heard Mary singing in her room.（動詞-ing形式）6.He had his watch repaired yesterday.（過去分詞）7.Please make yourself at home.（介詞短語）你請自便。四表語：放在連系動詞be,become,seem,feelturn(當“變得”講時)等之后，用來說明主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等，可以充當表語的詞有名詞，動詞-ed形式或句子1. He became king when he was only a

12、 child.(名詞)2. The book is hers.(代詞)3.He is free today.(形容詞)4.Her mother will be back soon.(副詞)5.Im sixteen.(數(shù)詞)6.He seemed worried about it.（動詞過去分詞）7.It is surprising to hear the news.（動詞現(xiàn)在分詞）8.The problem is how to finish the work ahead of time.（不定式短語）9.This is what I want to tell you.（從句，即表語從句）五定語

13、：用來修飾名詞或代詞，可作定于的詞有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，介詞短語，不定式，動詞-ing形式，動詞-ed形式以及從句，定于分為前置定語和后置定語1. Yao Ming is an excellent basketball player.（形容詞，前置）2. Ronaldo is a football player.（名詞，前置）3.Your hair needs cutting.（代詞，前置）4.Thirty students attended the party.（數(shù)詞，前置）5.He is in the sitting room.（現(xiàn)在分詞，前置）6.You can see fallen le

14、aves everywhere in fall.（過去分詞，前置）7.Who is the girl dancing over there?（現(xiàn)在分詞短語，后置）8.The hotel built last year is the best in the city.（過去分詞短語，后置）9.This the house which we visited.（從句，即定語從句，后置）六狀語：用來修飾形容詞，副詞，動詞或整個句子，用來表示時間，地點，原因，方式，程度，目的，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，頻度等情況。通常用作狀語的詞有副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動詞-ing形式，動詞-ed形式，名詞詞組，從句等，狀語

15、一般放在詞尾，但有的也放在句首或句中1. The plane will take off in a few minutes. (介詞短語作地點狀語)2. He came late because of the rain.(介詞短語作原因狀語)3. She cut the apple with the knife.(介詞短語作方式狀語)4. There are much fish in the lake.(介詞短語作地點狀語)5. The river is very long.(副詞作程度狀語)6.He ran fast to catch the train.（不定式作目的狀語）7.She wo

16、ke suddenly to find him standing near the bed.（不定式作結(jié)果狀語）8.Turning to the left,you will see the library.（現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語）9.Given another chance,he will succeed.（過去分詞作條件狀語）10.They walked in spite of the heavy snow. (介詞短語作讓步狀語）11.He usually goes to bed at ten. (頻度副詞作狀語）12.They are generous although they are

17、poor.（從句作狀語,讓步狀語從句）找出下列句子的句子成分并翻譯出來：1.The farm covered thousands of acres.（英畝）2.Dontleavethewaterrunningallthetime.3.Theplaceisworthtobevisited.4.OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.5.Therestoftheappleisrotten.（腐爛的）6.Ichoosetogotoworkbybus.7.Thereareplentyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.8.Imetherbychance.9.I cameacrossanoldphotointhedrawer.（抽屜）10.Thechildtriedtocatchtheteacherseye.11.Iintendtofinishthetexttoday.12.Shelooksyoungconsideringherage.13.Carryonworkingwhil