大學英語精讀第一冊Unit7

1、 Unit 7 The SamplerLanguage Pointsvlay(v.)-laid(p.t.)-laid(p.p.) vlay out=spread out陳列，安排，展現(xiàn)； ve.g.vMany new books have been laid out on the counter.vlay on=supply or provide 供應,提供; ve.g.vThey laid on a party for all the old people in the village.vlay up= collect or store for future use貯藏，擱置； lay of

2、f=stop working for a period停止(做有害或討厭的事物); e.g. Youd better lay off smoking here.而lay sb. off 意為“(由于沒有足夠的 工作而)解雇(某人)”; e.g. They laid us off for three months.vlay down=to put something down when you have finished using it; to make a firm statement or give a rule放下, 鋪設, 規(guī)定, 擬定;e.g.vThe boss laid down

3、many strict rules for his employees.in a rowv=side by side in a neat line 成一長行；ve.g.vThey are standing in a row.v(他們站成一排。)v=consecutively 連續(xù)，一連串；ve.g.vWe have had good harvests for ten years in a row.v(我們連續(xù)十年獲得了豐收。)Language Points intention( para2, L5): n. purpose 意圖，目的意圖，目的 e.g: If Ive hurt your fe

4、elings, it was quite without intention. 如果我傷了你的感情那完全是無意的。如果我傷了你的感情那完全是無意的。 translate: 有時好心不得好報。有時好心不得好報。 Sometimes good intentions are ill received.Language PointsCollocation: by intention 故意故意 have no intention of doing . 無意做無意做with the intention of 抱有抱有目的目的/打算打算with the best of intentions 好心好意好心好意

5、, 出于一片好心出于一片好心without intention 無意中無意中, 不是故意地不是故意地advantage:n.=sth. useful or helpful 利益, 好處, 優(yōu)點vIts antonym is “disadvantage(缺點,不利條件)”。vCollocation:v take advantage of sth.= to make use of sth. Or profit from sth. 利用； e.g.vHe took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis yesterday.v(他利用昨天的好天氣去打

6、網(wǎng)球了。)v take advantage of sb.=to make use of sb. as by deceiving him 欺詐，欺騙； e.g.vBob has taken advantage of his parents and cheated them out of 10, 000 dollars.v(鮑勃對他的父母進行欺詐，騙走了他們1萬美元。)Language PointsCollocation: at an advantage 有利地有利地 be of advantage to 對對有利有利give sb. an advantage (over) 使某人處于有利地位使某

7、人處于有利地位have the advantage of 比比強強, 勝過勝過take advantage of 乘機利用乘機利用 Language Points privilege( para2, L6): 1) n. special right given to a person 特權，優(yōu)待特權，優(yōu)待 e. g: It is my great privilege to have dinner with you. 2) vt 給予給予特權（或優(yōu)待）特權（或優(yōu)待） e.g: This pass will privilege you to attend the hearings. suspect

8、 vs. doubtsuspect: vt. =feel doubt about; guess or suppose “懷疑，猜測”; 側重于對某一事物壞的方面作出懷疑， 比較肯定, 一般后面不接whether或if引導的從句。 e.g. At first, we suspected that he was lost.常用結構:suspect sb. of (doing) sth. “懷疑某人犯罪,錯誤”e.g. He was suspected of selling state secrets and arrested last month.2. doubt: n./v.=to be unc

9、ertain, to consider unlikely“懷疑，看來不會”；只是一般性懷疑，表示“拿不準”，后面的賓語從句多由whether或if引導。e.g. I doubt whether Prof. Smith will come to our school to give a lecture this morning.Well, let him come if he wants it, and welcome to it. (Para.3, Line12-13)v句中的兩個it都表示his coming and sampling the puddings without the int

10、ention of buying some.(他來(本店)品嘗布丁而并無要買的意思。)v“welcome” here is an adjective, which means “allowed freely to have(可隨便享用，可任意地)”。 E.g.vYou are welcome to any book in my study.vwelcome還可以作vt.用，如：vThe Queen welcomed the President as soon as he got off the plane.Language Points and whats more (para3, L12):

11、also, and more importantly, seriously, etc. 更重要的是更重要的是 e.g: Playing tennis can relieve people totally from the pressure of work, and whats more, it can teach rules of life as well. He looks as if he needed it all right, and I suppose they can afford it.vas if= as though, seeming to show that 仿佛，好像，儼

12、然; e.g.vTony talked as if he had ever been to the moon.v由look as if 引起的從句中，若現(xiàn)實情況并非如此，則用虛擬語氣；若是對現(xiàn)在事情的虛擬，as if 句子用過去式; 而若是對過去事情的虛擬，as if 句子用過去完成時。 e.g. She looks as if she were his elder sister.v(她看起來像是他的姐姐。) v若在look as if 引起的從句中，若事實是有可能的，則用陳述語氣；e.g.v He looks as if he is from Northern China.vIt looks

13、 as if it is going to rain.Language Points afford ( para3, L14): v. have enough time, money, etc. for; be able to spare (often used with can, be able to, could) 有足夠的有足夠的（去做）（去做）;承擔得起承擔得起 注：在此情況下，常與注：在此情況下，常與can, could, be able to連連用用 e.g: We cant afford to pay such a price. Language Points翻譯：翻譯：我希望我

14、能抽出兩個小時來參加這個派對。我希望我能抽出兩個小時來參加這個派對。I wish I could afford two hours for the party.注意注意：v在否定結構中時，在否定結構中時， 表示表示“經(jīng)不起經(jīng)不起”（發(fā)生（發(fā)生某事，做某事），含盡力避免其發(fā)生做某事某事，做某事），含盡力避免其發(fā)生做某事的意思。的意思。ve.g: We simply cant afford to offend such an v important customer.v 我們得罪不起這么重要的顧客。我們得罪不起這么重要的顧客。v表示有能力做某事時，通常不用被動語態(tài)。表示有能力做某事時，通常不用被動

15、語態(tài)。v e.g: Cars are so expensive that only rich v people can afford to buy them.v而不說：而不說：Cars are so expensive that they can be v afforded only by the rich people.v break off (para6, L22): stop suddenly. e.g: I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. 我中止了談話，去接電話。我中止了談話，去接電話。翻譯：兩國之間斷絕了翻譯：兩國

16、之間斷絕了 外交關系外交關系The two countries broke off diplomatic relationship.evident a.clear to the eye or the mind 明顯的,明白的v-It is evident that someone destroyed the desks on purpose.v-She looked with evident envy at Judys new ring.vinevident a.不明顯的 evidently adv. 明顯的vevidence n.證據(jù)vit is (quite) evident that 很

17、顯然vobvious 指非常明顯，無須證明又無法隱瞞的東西vapparent 多用于能看見的東西表面的vevident 除對感官而言外，有時用于推理，指有據(jù)可查veventually ad. finallyv-His dreams have eventually come trueveventual a. 最后的，最終的vfinally引出下面內容，不帶感情色彩vat last指經(jīng)過一段時間等待或耽擱最終到來，感情色彩濃vin the end 經(jīng)過曲折過程后某事才發(fā)生vpositive adj.v(1)sure or certain確信的，有把握的v-Are you that the boy

18、you saw was Peter?v(2)積極的；肯定的v-The professor gave them some positive suggestions on what to do next.v(3)正的，陽性的vpositive pole 正極 negative pole 負極vcheat v./n.欺騙（特指騙人錢財）考試作弊vtrick 多指以小的計謀，狡猾地，不光彩地欺騙vcheat作弊，用不誠實的手段取得所要的東西，常指騙錢財vdeceive著重指歪曲事實，隱瞞真相，有意識使人誤入歧途或哄騙使人產生錯覺受騙vcheat sb. (out) of sth. 騙某人，某物vche

19、at at cards 打牌時作弊vcheat sb. into the belief that哄騙某人相信Language Points come down in the world (para9, L28):to become poorer or less successful than you used to be.落魄落魄 e.g: Poor old George has come down in the world since his business failed. 可憐的老喬自從他的可憐的老喬自從他的生意失敗后就落魄了。生意失敗后就落魄了。 admist vs. between

20、vs. among admist: prep.=in the middle of, among 在在.中間；其后中間；其后既可跟既可跟c.n. 和和 pron.，也可跟，也可跟u.n.； e.g.A gentleman in white was standing amid/admist the crowd, addressing to the public.(一位穿白色衣服的男士站一位穿白色衣服的男士站在在人群人群中中向公眾發(fā)表演說。向公眾發(fā)表演說。) between: 指兩者之間；指兩者之間；e.g.There are a lot of similarities between us. am

21、ong后面一般接后面一般接pl. n.和和pron., 指三人以上的人或事；指三人以上的人或事； e.g.Tokyo is among the largest cities in the world.v(東京市世界上最大的城市之一。東京市世界上最大的城市之一。)Language Points Crowd (para10, L30): n. large group of people together e.g: Upon his arrival, the President was cheered by welcoming crowds.Language Points crowd: v. com

22、e together in a crowd e.g: People crowded around the tourist guide for more interesting stories.人們團團圍住了導游，想聽到人們團團圍住了導游，想聽到更多有趣的故事。更多有趣的故事。 crowded: adj. 擁擠的擁擠的 e.g: a crowded roomLanguage PointsCollocation: attract / draw a crowd 吸引一群人吸引一群人 disperse a crowd 驅散一群人驅散一群人 an enormous crowd a huge crowd

23、龐大的人群龐大的人群 a tremendous crowd a capacity crowd 客滿客滿 the wrong crowd 一幫壞人一幫壞人vnumber 數(shù)字數(shù)字A good report should carry exact figures.vhuman form 體態(tài)體態(tài),輪廓輪廓I saw a familiar figure in the crowds.vdrawing to illustrate圖解圖解 Her job is to draw figures for magazine articles.va person in drawing人物肖像人物肖像 The fig

24、ure in the painting is his daughter.vfigure painting 人物畫人物畫figureout of place格格不入格格不入vnot in a proper position 不在適當?shù)奈恢貌辉谶m當?shù)奈恢?(in library) Some of the books are out of place. vunsuitable不適當?shù)牟贿m當?shù)?格格不入的格格不入的Joan was the only girl who wore a formal dress, and she felt out of place. v反義短語反義短語 in place:

25、在適當?shù)奈恢迷谶m當?shù)奈恢? 適當適當and in a burst of benevolence, I went up to himv本句等于“seized suddenly by a strong desire to be helpful”意為 “突然動了憐憫之心”; vOther examples: a burst of anger/sympathy/tears/blood etc. “一怒之下/突生憐憫/眼淚奪眶而出/突生沖動” 等。v本句翻譯：v憐憫之情在我心中油然而生，我上他跟前 Language Points do sb. a favour (para11, L35): do sth

26、. kind to sb. 幫忙幫忙 e.g: Could do me a favour and turn off that light? we may also say: ask a favour (of sb.) e.g: May/Can I ask a favour of you? 能幫我個忙嗎？能幫我個忙嗎？.Language Points其它組合：其它組合： 1) owe sb. a favour:欠某人的一個人情欠某人的一個人情 e.g: you helped me last time and I owe you a favour anyway. 2) return a favou

27、r: help sb. because they have helped you. e.g: Thanks for looking after all my things. Ill return the favour sometime!注意：注意：favour: BrE; favor: AmE.Language Points considering (para13, L43): prep. in view of; taking into account 就就而論；考慮到而論；考慮到 e.g: He writes a beautiful hand considering his age. 考慮到

28、他的年齡，他的考慮到他的年齡，他的字寫的已經(jīng)很漂亮了字寫的已經(jīng)很漂亮了Language Points翻譯：考慮到路程比較遠，他來的算比較快了翻譯：考慮到路程比較遠，他來的算比較快了 Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.Language Points mistake for (para13, L44): suppose wrongly that sth. or sb. is sth. or sb. else 誤認為誤認為 e.g: I mistook that stick for a snake. 我錯把那跟棍子當成蛇了。我錯把那跟

29、棍子當成蛇了。翻譯：人們總是把他當成他的翻譯：人們總是把他當成他的 雙胞胎弟弟雙胞胎弟弟 People are always mistaking him for his twin brother.count outvcount things one by one 數(shù)出，慢慢地數(shù)出，慢慢地數(shù)數(shù) Mary counted out the member of pennies she had.The little boy is counting out the birds in the cage. force sb. into sth./doing sth.(frighten/shock/persua

30、de/ talk/ trick有同樣用法)vPublic opinions forced the government into action.vHe was frightened into a cold sweat.vThe shop clerk persuaded the girl into buying the dress. long forto do sth.wish very much for 希望希望,渴望渴望vHow I long for the chance of talking with you. vI am really longing for staying at hom

31、e in such weather.And that was the last I saw or heard of the old man.v本句等于“That was the last time for me to see or hear other things mention him” “那是我最后一次看到和聽到有關這位老人的事.”vhear of= to know of a fact or existence of sth. or sb., to receive news about sth. or sb. 聽到消息，聽說; e.g.vHe seemed to be vanished,

32、 I never heard of him for ages.vhear from =to receive news from someone by letter 收到的信; e.g.vIt was war-time, Jenny hadnt heard from her husband for three months.1. 一番好意一番好意2. 2. 擺成一排，一字排開擺成一排，一字排開 3. 3. 合口味合口味4. 允許允許5. 5. 做出決定做出決定 6. 無意做某事無意做某事7. 乘機利用乘機利用8. 情況確實如此情況確實如此good intentionlay out in a ro

33、wto ones tastebe allowed tocome to a decisionhave no intention of take advantage ofits indeed the caseUseful Expressions 9. 得到一份優(yōu)惠得到一份優(yōu)惠10. 歡迎來到歡迎來到11. 而且而且12. 仔細地看仔細地看13. 繞有興趣繞有興趣14. 穿著整潔穿著整潔15. 轉向轉向16. 停下來停下來get ones share of the privilegewelcome towhats morelook closely atwith great interestto be

34、 neatly dressedturn tobreak off17. 顯然顯然18. 18. 真誠地相信真誠地相信19. 自始至終自始至終20. 家道敗落家道敗落21. 不相稱不相稱22. 挽回挽回“面子面子”It is evident that sincerely believeall the timecome down in the worldout of placesave ones honorVocabulary vIV.v1.e 2. f 3. g 4. c 5. j 6. a 7. b 8. i 9. d 10. h vV.v1. afford 2. eventually 3. h

35、eavy 4. in a row 5. pulled out 6. selected 7. to your taste 8. elderly v9. privileges 10. sampled 11. cheating 12. take advantage of 13. worn 14. packedvVI. v1. Henry was positive that she was able to do the job although his co-owner considered her to be inadequate for it.v2. From the dark clouds it

36、 was evident that it would soon rain.v3. Many immigrants in America long for a chance to return to their homeland for a visit.v4. The woman knew very little about cars and the salesman really took advantage of her ignorance.v5. To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people, but few can afford t

37、o do it.v6. I enjoy going to a disco occasionally, but not so often that it becomes a bore.vVII.v1. useless 2. careless 3. Colorful 4. jobless 5. hopeful 6. endless 7. pitiful 8. powerfulvVIII.v1. sampler 2. beginner 3. liar 4. shoppers 5. beggars 6. actor 7. sailors 8. translatorsvVII.v1. useless 2

38、. careless 3. Colorful 4. jobless 5. hopeful 6. endless 7. pitiful 8. powerfulvVIII.v1. sampler 2. beginner 3. liar 4. shoppers 5. beggars 6. actor 7. sailors 8. translatorsvIX.v1. 1) evidence 2) Evidently 3) evident 4) evident v2. 1) kind 2) kindly 3) Kindness 4) kindlyv3. 1) eagerly 2) eager 3) ea

39、gerness 4) eagerv4. 1) sincere 2) sincerely 3) sincerity 4) sincerev5. 1) occasional 2) occasionally 3) occasion 4) occasionallyStructure vX.v1. He talks / talked about Florida as if he had been there.v2. He looks / looked as if he had never had a decent meal.v3. She talks / talked as if she knew wh

40、ere they were.v4. He behaves as if he owned the place.v5. He orders me about as if he were my boss.vX.v1. He talks / talked about Florida as if he had been there.v2. He looks / looked as if he had never had a decent meal.v3. She talks / talked as if she knew where they were.v4. He behaves as if he o

41、wned the place.v5. He orders me about as if he were my boss.vXI.v1. He looks as if he is putting on weight.v2. It feels as if it is made of cotton.v3. They sound as if they come from New York.v4. They look as if they know each other.v5. It smells as if (it is) fresh.v6. They taste as if (they are) h

42、omemade.v7. He looks as if (he is) hungry.v8. It sounds as if (it is) African.vXII.v1. No, he went somewhere else (after the party).v2. No, he is going to make something else (for dinner).v3. No, he is going to watch something else (on TV )v4. No, she wore something else (last night ).v5. No, it was someone else who brought it to her.v6. No, it is going somewhere else.v7. No, someone else is going to I