中考英語總復習之情態(tài)動詞詳解與練習

1、定義：情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，或表示主觀設想。1. 情態(tài)動詞有自己的詞義，但不能單獨做謂語，必須和后面的動詞構成謂語 （情態(tài)動詞+ do）2. 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化（也就是說，不管句子的主語是第一、第二或第三人稱，單數(shù)或是復數(shù)，情態(tài)動詞都不變）現(xiàn)階段我們常用的情態(tài)動詞有 can may must need考點一：can，may，must 等情態(tài)動詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can 的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。 表示能力時一般譯為“能、會”， 即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時may 和must 均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but

2、I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。（2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推測，意為“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑問句中， 此時cant 譯為“ 不可能”。 如：Can the news be true? 這個消息會是真的嗎？Can it be our teacher?那個人有可能是我們老師嗎？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢?！?/p>

3、例題】1.I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No. She _be there, I have just been there. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt 2._ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must【解析】 由題干可知，本句表示請求、許可。2. could的用法：（1）

4、.can的過去式，意為“ 能、 會”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時就會寫詩。（2）. could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時 could 沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能幫我個忙嗎？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎? Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示請求、許可，比can 正式，客氣、婉轉。如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎？You may go home no

5、w. 現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?！纠}】_ I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】 在此處表示請求，意為“ 做可以嗎”。 (2) .表示推測，談論可能性，意為“ 可能， 或許”，一般用于肯定句中。 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能會下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. (3) .may的過去式為might ，表示推測時?？赡苄缘陀趍ay。 如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他離開學校了，可能

6、是他生病了。例題：Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, Im not sure . But it _ be.A. might B.mustnt C.cant D.must (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你過得愉快。 May you be happy! 祝你幸福！ May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1).must 表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。 如：You must s

7、tay here until I come back.在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎？例題May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need (2) 其否定形式mustnt表示“ 一定不要 ” “千萬別” “禁止, 不許”. 如：You mustnt play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustnt be late. 你一定不要遲到。（3）

8、對must引導的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt 或 dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？No, you neednt.不，你不必。例題：May I take this book out of the reading room? _. Please read it here.A. Certainly B.No, you neednt C.No, you mustnt D.No, you may not【解析】May I?的否定答語為 No, you cant/ mustnt.；Must I ?否定答語為 N

9、o，you neednt/dont have to.;Can I ?的否定答語為 No，you cant. 在口語交際中，要體會句子中的情感差別。 (4)must表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。注意其反意問句的構成形式：當must表示肯定的判斷、推測時，其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasnt she?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the

10、 shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)5. need的用法：（1）.need 表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒有必要，不必”。 用need 提問時，肯定回答為 must，否定回答為 neednt或dont have to。 如：Need I stay here any longer? 我還有必要留在這兒嗎？Yes, you must .是的。No. you neednt /dont have to. 不， 你不必。例題：You _ get there by bus. A. dont need B. need

11、nt to C. dont need to D. need dont to(2).need 還可以作實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 我需要馬上做這件事。He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那個女孩。如果是物作主語，一般用need doing 與 need to be done這種情況下應注意兩點：.主動形式的動名詞doing具有被動的含義；.該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs paint

12、ing. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇門需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的車需要維修了。6. shall 的用法：shall表示征求對方意見（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk? 我們出去散步好嗎？在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見。(1).用“Lets do.”來提出建議。如：Lets go for a walk after supper.(2).用“What/How about.?”來

13、提出建議；about后接名詞或動詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”來提出建議，表示“何不”not面后接動詞原形?！癢hy not.?”實際上是“Why dont you/we.?”的簡略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you like.?”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎?”Would you

14、 like后可接名詞或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我們說：“去游泳好嗎?”英語中可有這樣幾種表達法：Shall we go for a swim?Lets go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?7. should的用法：

15、（1）.should 意為“應該” ，可表示勸告、建議、義務、責任等。 如：We should protect the environment. 我們應該保護環(huán)境。（2）Should have done 表示對過去動作的責備、批評。如：You should have finished your homework. 你應該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。（事實上你沒有完成。）8. will 的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就會幫你。注意：1、will在there be句型中的形式及

16、其句式變換。 由于“一般將來時”的結構可以用“will+動詞原形”來表示，所以there be句型的一般將來時的形式就是there will be。（一定不能說there will have）例如： There are many students in our school. There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能說：There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will 與be going to do sth區(qū)

17、別：. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to 含有“計劃，準備”的意思，而 will 則沒有這個意思，如： She is going t

18、o lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. .在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you 10. had better 的用法：had better 意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to 的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如：We had better go now. 我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。You had better not give the book

19、to him.你最好不要把這本書給他。考點二：含有情態(tài)動詞的疑問句的回答:1.對 may 引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustnt. No, you cant.2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時 could 沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能幫我個忙嗎？Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼

20、筆嗎? Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱， 表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.【例題】Would you do me a favour and pass on my th

21、anks to Lily? _.A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble【解析】A. 意為“對了” ，B.意為“ 樂意效勞”, C. 意為“ 沒關系” D.意為“不費事”?？键c三:不同情態(tài)動詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會”， 如：I cant play basketball. 我不會打籃球。（2）當句子表推測時，用cant 表達不可能， 如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了，他正和Tom 下棋呢。（3）cant 還可用來

22、回答“ May I ? ” 這樣的問句。 如：May I come in ? 我可以進來嗎？No, you mustnt. / cant. 不，你不能。（4）cant 還可用于固定習語中。cant help doing 禁不住，情不自禁 cant wait to do sth 迫不及待如：She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起來。The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子們迫不及待地想打開盒子。2. may的否定式為 may not，譯成“ 可能不”，如：He may not be at home. 他也許不在家。3.（1）mustn

23、t 表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room. 他不許離開他的房間。You mustnt talk in class. 你們不可以在課上說話。(2) mustnt 也可用于以 may 表示要求時的否定回答中。如：May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎？No, you mustnt (cant). 不，不行。4.（1）neednt 意為“ 不必”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不需要見他，除非你愿意。（2）neednt + have+ 動詞的過去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動作，暗含時間或精力上的浪

24、費。如：You neednt have bought it. 你沒必要買它（但你卻買了）。5. shouldnt 表示不應該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 對于這種小事，你不應該感到這么不高興?？键c四:情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結構為： 情態(tài)動詞+ be + done (動詞的過去分詞)。做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個方面。如：You neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。She shouldnt speak to her mother in

25、 that way.她不應該用那種方式和媽媽說話。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到，因為它們離 我們太遠了?？键c五: 情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法:一、“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。1、can表示推測時一般用于否定句或疑問句。如：That man cant be her husband she is still single.Who is knockin

26、g at the door?Can it be the postman?2、must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now. Mr Li must be working now， for the lights in his office are still on.3、might 表示推測時不一定是may的過去時，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.Where is Mr Li? He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come? He mi

27、ght not come here.4、Could表示推測時，語氣can比要弱，說話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be， because it is not moving.5、Should表示推測的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性 小一點。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動作或存在過的動作的推測性用法。1、“must +have done/been-”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：

28、She must have seen the film before，hasnt she?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應當做某事，而實際上并沒有做”；“ shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來不應當做，而實際上卻做了”。以上結構常帶有說話者的責備的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact yo

29、u did not finish it on time).You shouldnt have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).3、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事，而實際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4、“cant /couldnt+have done /been-”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw him just now. He cant

30、 have gone to Japan.She said the man couldnt have stolen her car.5、“could+have done/been-”表示“過去本來能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實際上沒有”，說話者有些遺憾?！癱ould sb. have done /been-？”是它的問句形式。如：You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helpe

31、d this girl student?6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能，本來可以于某事而實際上沒有干”，might的可能性較小，語氣較弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help，however bus she was.【情態(tài)動詞易混點歸納】易混點一: can和be able to兩者表示能力時用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時態(tài)中 要用be able to 來表示。另外 be able to 常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費了時間和勞力

32、之后才能做到某事。如：Jim cant speak English.吉姆不會說英語。He could speak English at 5. 他五歲時 就會說英語。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會見到他。He has been able to drive. 他已經(jīng)會開車了。Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我們能在中午到達山頂。易混點二:can和may1. can

33、和 may 均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”， 一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can 和may 表示可能性時的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用 might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問句中表示推測用can，不用 might，may，must3) 在否定句中用cant（不可能）， 不用 may， must。 如：She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？That cant be true. 那不可能是真的。易混點三: may be 和may

34、be 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動詞， be為動詞原形 句中，作謂語maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當于perhaps 句首，作狀語例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure. 也許他錯了，但我也不確定。易混點四：cant 和 mustnt1. cant 根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會。如：I cant speak English . 我不會說英語。（2）不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。（3）否定句中表示推測。“不可能”，如：The man cant be our

35、 teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那個人不可能是咱們老師，他年輕得多。2. mustnt 意為“ 禁止、不許”， 用來表達命令，表示強烈的語氣。 如：You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危險了。易混點五：must 和 have to1. must 側重于個人意志和主觀上的必要。have to 側重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學習。M

36、y brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害， 我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。I havent got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒帶錢，只好向朋友借點了。He said they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。2. have to可以用于多種時態(tài)；而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或將來。如：The composition is due to hand in this morni

37、ng, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。例題：Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? Id like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.must C.have to D.should易混點六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sthused to do

38、表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作， 強調(diào)過去，只用于過去，注意用 to do，不用doing形式；而be used to doing 意為“習慣做”， be 可有各種時態(tài)； be used to do 意為“被使用去做,” 為被動語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作” 如：My father used to eating meat.我父親過去起床晚，但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她習慣吃肉。He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不習慣在飯店吃飯。A knife can be used for c

39、utting things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來割東西)【情態(tài)動詞活學巧練】11 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. canC. has to D. must2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are able to3 May I take this book out? No, you_. A.

40、 cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would5 Can you speak Japanese? No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not21 He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A.

41、 can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt2 Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need4 He isnt

42、 at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do31 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have to D. dont need to3 Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not41 His arm is all right.