2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專(zhuān)題6GH字部202222082166

1、2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專(zhuān)題六 g、h字部1. generaladj.大體的，籠統(tǒng)的，總的，一般的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in general總之；一般而言；general public公眾；general idea大意，梗概；general manager總經(jīng)理；general rule一般規(guī)那么；通那么in general用法：作狀語(yǔ)：the weather in florida is warm in general.一般來(lái)說(shuō)弗羅里達(dá)州的天氣是暖和的。放在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后作定語(yǔ)：people in general will support us.總體而言，人們會(huì)支持我們的。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：gener

2、ally adv.通常，一般地；普遍地：generally speaking=in general一般而言2022，浙江卷，閱讀dresearchers in france took their research out into the street, to the general public.2. geographyn.地理學(xué)，地形關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：a geography lesson/teacher/textbook地理課/老師/課本詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：geographical=geographic adj.地理學(xué)的；geographically adv.在地理上；地理學(xué)上2022，江蘇卷，閱讀填空ov

3、er the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were d 70 geographically, leading to different dialects(方言 ) and characters.3. goldn.黃金；金色；adj.金質(zhì)的；金黃色的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：gold medal金牌；gold mine金礦；pure gold純金；gold ring/watch/coin金戒指/表/幣用法：gold作化學(xué)元素、物質(zhì)名詞時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示“金色時(shí)，可作可數(shù)名詞，例如

4、：i love the reds and golds of autumn.我喜歡秋天的火紅色和金黃色。gold和golden的區(qū)別：詞性上看，gold可作名詞，也可作形容詞；golden只作形容詞gold修飾名詞時(shí)，是名詞作定語(yǔ)，主要指由金制造的東西，側(cè)重材料；也可以形容詞身份修飾名詞，表示“金色的：do you like the gold car?你喜歡這兩金色的車(chē)嗎？golden修飾名詞時(shí)，文學(xué)色彩濃厚，往往帶有比喻意義，表示“黃金般的、“珍貴的、“美好的、“很有前途的等意義，例如：golden age黃金時(shí)期；golden chance絕好時(shí)機(jī)一些習(xí)慣使用golden的情形：golden

5、 hair金發(fā)；golden egg/apple金蛋/蘋(píng)果 2022，山東卷，閱讀cthe king was wild with joy. he ran around his palace and touched everything he saw. everything was turned into gold!4. governmentn.政府關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：central government中央政府；local government地方政府；government official政府官員詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：governmental adj.政府的；govern v.管理；統(tǒng)治；governor n.管

6、理者；統(tǒng)治者；地方長(zhǎng)官2022，浙江卷，閱讀dbig data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments.5. greetingn.祝賀；問(wèn)候關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：greeting card賀卡用法：通常搭配的動(dòng)詞有send發(fā)送，exchange交換；常用作復(fù)數(shù)greetings，表示“賀詞、“問(wèn)候的話(huà)：christmas/birthday greet

7、ings圣誕/生日賀詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：greet v.問(wèn)候，打招呼2022，北京卷，短文閱讀a gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in china. after greetings, the gift should be passed immediately to the host.6. growv.生長(zhǎng)；開(kāi)展；種植；變成詞形變化：過(guò)去式grew，過(guò)去分詞grown關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：grow up長(zhǎng)大，成長(zhǎng)；grown into成長(zhǎng)為；grow rice/vegetables/flowers種水稻/蔬菜/花；grow old變老用法

8、：grow表示“增長(zhǎng)含義時(shí)，常用語(yǔ)a growing number of的結(jié)構(gòu)，意味“越來(lái)越多的：a growing number of people are going vegetarian.越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始吃素了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：growth n.增長(zhǎng)；開(kāi)展；生長(zhǎng)；種植：the growth of population人口增長(zhǎng)2022，北京卷，完形 and moments of failure like this build _20_ since then ive learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.20. a. trustb. p

9、ridec. characterd. support7. guardn.警戒，保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)裝置；v.保衛(wèi)名詞詞組：security guard保安；keep guard站崗；guard dog看門(mén)狗動(dòng)詞詞組：guard against防止，提防2022，重慶卷，閱讀au.s companies pay almost $10 billion a year to protect their property with alarm systems and human guards.8. habitn.習(xí)慣；習(xí)性關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：good/bad habit好/壞習(xí)慣；form the habit of養(yǎng)成的習(xí)

10、慣；living habit生活習(xí)慣；eating habit飲食習(xí)慣；out of habit出于習(xí)慣；break the habit改掉習(xí)慣詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：habitual adj.習(xí)慣的，習(xí)以為常的；habitually adv.慣常，習(xí)慣地2022，山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空5.my brother has a healthy living habit. he stays up late, and he is an early bird.a. usuallyb. hardlyc. oftend. always9. hangv.懸掛；垂落；吊著；把吊起 詞形變化：過(guò)去式hung，過(guò)去分詞hung關(guān)聯(lián)詞組

11、：hang on堅(jiān)持下去；握住不放；不掛斷；hang out閑逛；hang up (the phone)掛斷 ；hang onto依附；緊緊抓住用法：hang可作及物動(dòng)詞，接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)；也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，其主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)意義。例如：you may hang your coat on the hook.你可以把外套掛在鉤子上。all the shirts hang together in the same wardrobe.所有的襯衫都掛在同一個(gè)衣櫥里。2022，浙江卷，詞匯運(yùn)用44. we _ (很少地hang out at weekends recently.10. happenv.

12、偶然發(fā)生；碰巧表示“某地某時(shí)發(fā)生了什么事，常用“sth.+ happen +地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間句型，此時(shí)主語(yǔ)為事情。例如：the story happened in 1998.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在1998年。表示“某人出了某事常指不好的事，常用“sth.+ happen+to sb.這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：a car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。what happened to you?=whats wrong with you?你怎么啦?表示“某人碰巧做某事，常用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：i hap

13、pened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個(gè)朋友。表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事時(shí)，還可用“it happens/happened that.這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：it happened that brian and peter were at home that day.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。注：that從句中的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可與“sb.+ happen + to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如：it happened that brian and peter were at home that

14、 day.= brian and peter happened to be at home that day.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：happening n.發(fā)生的事常用復(fù)數(shù)：there have been strange happenings here lately.這兒最近發(fā)生了一些怪事。2022，浙江卷，完形填空how did this happen? i _17_ we were friends.17. a. foundb. admittedc. realizedd. thought11. hardadj.硬的；困難的；努力的；adv.努力地；艱難地；猛烈地形容詞詞組：hard disk硬盤(pán)；har

15、d drive硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器；have a hard time過(guò)得艱難；hard copy硬拷貝；復(fù)印件副詞詞組：work hard努力工作學(xué)習(xí)；try hard努力hard和hardly區(qū)別：hard既是形容詞，又是自己的副詞，表示“努力的地、“猛烈的地；hardly只作副詞，其詞義與hard相去甚遠(yuǎn)，指“幾乎不，表示否認(rèn)概念。試比擬：he works hard.他努力工作。he hardly works.他幾乎不工作。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hardness n.硬度；harden v.硬化；變硬；hardship n.困苦，艱難險(xiǎn)阻； 同義詞：difficult adj.困難的反義詞：soft adj.軟

16、的；溫柔的；easy adj.容易的，簡(jiǎn)單的2022，浙江卷，完形over three weekends of hard work, sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.12. healthn.健康，衛(wèi)生關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：health care衛(wèi)生保?。籶hysical health身體健康；mental health心理健康；world health organization世界衛(wèi)生組織詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：healthy adj.健康的，健全的；healthily adv.健康地；heal

17、thiness n.健康，健全同義詞：fitness n.健康；適當(dāng) 2022，山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空21. tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . and it requires _to spend time with others. this is good for our health, too. a. ours b. us c. we13. hearv.聽(tīng)到；聽(tīng)說(shuō)詞形變化：過(guò)去式heard，過(guò)去分詞heard關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hear from sb.收到某人的信；hear about聽(tīng)說(shuō)，得知；hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)hear與listen的區(qū)別：h

18、ear強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，即聽(tīng)的結(jié)果；listen強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作；hear sb. do sth.表示聽(tīng)到某人做某事的全過(guò)程；hear sb. doing sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)到某人正在做某事。試比擬：i heard him sing a song yesterday.昨天我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他唱了一支歌。i could hear people singing happily next door.我可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)隔壁有人在歡快地唱歌。2022，江蘇卷，單項(xiàng)填空9.could you speak in a loud voice so that i can hear you _?a. quicklyb. happilyc. slow

19、lyd. clearly14. heatn.熱，高溫；v.加熱；使沖動(dòng)詞組：heat wave熱浪；heat stroke中暑；heat up加熱詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：heated adj.熱的；沖動(dòng)地，劇烈的：heated discussion劇烈的討論；heater n.加熱器2022，山東卷，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用the accident also caused heated discussions on the internet.15. heavyadj.沉重的；大量的，嚴(yán)重的用法：除了可指重量之外，heavy常用來(lái)表示數(shù)量、程度或嚴(yán)重性之大，常見(jiàn)搭配有：heavy traffic擁擠的交通；heavy rai

20、n/snow大雨/雪；heavy drinking/smoking大量飲酒/吸煙詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：heavily adv.沉重地；猛烈地；heaviness n.沉重；沉悶反義詞：light adj.輕的2022，江蘇卷，閱讀b26. what does the table above show?a. how heavy an egg can be.b. how long to cook an egg in a pan.c. how to make an egg sink.d. how to check the age of an egg.16. helpv.&n.幫助，幫助動(dòng)詞詞組：help

21、 oneself (to sth.)自用食物，自取所需；cant help (doing sth.)忍不住做，情不自禁名詞詞組：with the help of sb.=with sb.s help在的幫助下；ask for help尋求幫助help作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，即是及物動(dòng)詞，也是不及物動(dòng)詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有help (sb.) with+名詞，help (sb.) in doing sth.，help (sb.) (to) do sth.接不定式時(shí)可以省略to：he always helps (her) with the housework.他總是幫著她做家務(wù)。she helped (me) (to)

22、 organize the party. 她協(xié)助我籌備了晚會(huì)。help做名詞時(shí)，表示“幫助時(shí)，常接介詞with；還可以指“有幫助的人或物，這時(shí)常接介詞to：your advice was a big help to me.你的建議對(duì)我很有幫助。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：helpful adj.有幫助的，有益的；helpfully adv.有益地，有用地；helpless adj.無(wú)助的；沒(méi)用的；helplessly adv.無(wú)助地，無(wú)能為力地2022，北京卷，短文閱讀i was mortified. my hands were shaking. i couldn't help crying _16_.

23、16. a. sadlyb. shylyc. excitedlyd. nervously17. hidev.把藏起來(lái)；隱藏詞形變化：過(guò)去式hid，過(guò)去分詞hidden關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hide and seek捉迷藏用法：hide可作及物動(dòng)詞表示“把藏起來(lái)，隱瞞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“隱藏，隱瞞。常用的介詞搭配有：hide (sb./sth.) in/under/behind把藏于；hide (sb./sth.) from sb.對(duì)隱瞞：do not hide your fear from yourself.不要對(duì)自己隱瞞你的恐懼。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hidden adj.隱藏的：hidden trouble

24、/danger隱患2022，湖南卷，語(yǔ)法填空22keep trying, _ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you.abutbandcor18. historyn.歷史；歷史學(xué)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in history在歷史上；human history人類(lèi)歷史；modern history近代史；history museum歷史博物館；history teacher歷史老師詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：historic adj.有歷史意義的；歷史上著名的；historical adj.歷史的；史學(xué)的；基于史實(shí)的；historically adv.歷史

25、上地；從歷史觀點(diǎn)上說(shuō)注意historic和historical的區(qū)別，historic通常表示具有重要?dú)v史意義的；historical通常表示涉及歷史、史學(xué)、過(guò)去的事實(shí)。試比擬：today is a historic day for our country.今天是我國(guó)具有歷史意義的日子。he has been doing some historical study.他一直在進(jìn)行史學(xué)研究。2022年，江蘇卷，詞匯檢測(cè)43. amy and annie will go on a natural history walk next _星期日.19. hitv.打，撞，擊中詞形變化：過(guò)去式hit，過(guò)去

26、分詞hit用法：hit sb./sth. with sth.用擊打；hit sth. on/against sth.使身體部位撞到某物：he hit his head on the low ceiling.他的頭碰了低矮的天花板。熟詞僻義：hit作名詞時(shí)，除了表示“擊，打，還可表示“很受歡送的人或事：his new record is a real hit.他的新專(zhuān)輯極為成功，引起轟動(dòng)。近義詞：beat v.敲打2022年，山東卷，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bu

27、s safely.20. holdv.拿，抱，握??；進(jìn)行，舉行詞形變化：過(guò)去式held，過(guò)去分詞held關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hold on=hang on別掛斷；等一下；hold up舉起；hold back隱瞞；抑制；hold onto=hang onto抓住不放 用法：hold除了表示“拿，握，抱等肢體動(dòng)作的含義，還經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示“進(jìn)行，舉行，舉辦的意思，常見(jiàn)搭配有hold a meeting/party/competition等。2022年，山東卷，完形then jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position, holding

28、 your arms up directly over your head.21.honestadj.老實(shí)的，正直的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：to be honest老實(shí)說(shuō)honest前面的不定冠詞要用an，不用a：an honest man；be honest with sb.對(duì)某人老實(shí)；be honest about sth.坦誠(chéng)不隱瞞某事詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：honesty n.老實(shí)，正直；honestly adv.老實(shí)地，正直地：honestly (speaking)=to be honest老實(shí)說(shuō)反義詞：dishonest adj.不老實(shí)的，不老實(shí)的2022年，湖北卷，短文填空to be honest, if

29、i compare china with the us, my answer has always been the same: “we are not worse or better than each other; we are only different.22.honourn.榮譽(yù)，榮耀；尊敬美式拼寫(xiě)：honor關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in honour of為紀(jì)念；for the honour of為了的聲譽(yù)；have the honour of有幸；guest of honour貴賓用法：復(fù)數(shù)形式honours，特指“優(yōu)異成績(jī)：graduate with honours以?xún)?yōu)異成績(jī)畢業(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：h

30、onoured adj.受尊敬的；honourable adj.榮譽(yù)的，值得尊敬的反義詞：dishonour n.恥辱，丟臉2022年，湖北卷，閱讀cwe encourage our kids to take honors courses培優(yōu)課程or to have after-school jobs.23.humann.人類(lèi)；adj.人的，人類(lèi)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：human body/brain人體/腦；human being人；人類(lèi)；human nature人性用法：human也可以作名詞，此時(shí)human=human being，意為“人，人類(lèi)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：humanly adv.像人地；以人力；h

31、umanity n.人類(lèi)；人道2022年，北京卷，閱讀dnowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge.24.humorousadj.幽默的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：humorous stories幽默故事 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：humorously adv.幽默地，滑稽地；humour=humor n.幽默：sense of humour幽默感；black humour黑色幽默2022年，江蘇卷，閱讀a27. what does the underlined word “resolution mean in the passage?a. promise.b. entertainment.c.humourd. secret.25.hungryadj.饑餓的；渴望的用法：hungry通常引申為“渴望的，常用句式有be hungry for sth.或be hungry to do sth.：she is hungry for success.她渴望成功。she was hungry to learn.她渴望學(xué)習(xí)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hunger n.饑