經(jīng)濟學基本詞匯匯編

1、經(jīng)濟學基本詞匯匯編Aaccounting cost 會計成本accounting profit 會計利潤adverse selection 逆向選擇allocation of resources 資源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法Elasticity 彈性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿羅不可能定理asymetric information 非對稱性信息average product of capital 資本平均產(chǎn)量average product of labour 勞動平均

2、產(chǎn)量variable cost 平均可變成本Bbarriers to entry 進入壁壘bilateral monopoly 雙邊壟斷bliss point 極樂點boundary point 邊界點break even point 收支相抵點budget constraint 預算約束budget set 預算集Ccapital stock 資本存量capital output ratio 資本產(chǎn)出比率Chamberlin model 張伯倫模型choice 選擇Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb-Douglas production function 柯布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)co

3、bweb model 蛛網(wǎng)模型collective bargaining 集體協(xié)議工資collusion 合謀command economy 指令經(jīng)濟commodity combination 商品組合commodity space 商品空間common property 公用財產(chǎn)compensation principles 補償原則competitive market 競爭性市場complement goods 互補品complete information 完全信息completeness 完備性condition for efficiency in exchange 交換的最優(yōu)條件co

4、ndition for efficiency in production 生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件constant returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬不變constraints 約束consumer preference 消費者偏好consumer surplus 消費者剩余consumption bundle 消費束consumption combination 消費組合consumption possibility curve 消費可能曲線consumption set 消費集consumption space 消費空間continuity 連續(xù)性contract curve 契約曲線cos

5、t minimization 成本極小化Cournot equilibrium 古諾均衡Cournot model 古諾模型Cross-price elasticity 交*價格彈性Ddead-weights loss 重負損失decreasing cost industry 成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬遞減deduction 演繹法demand elasticity 需求彈性derive demand 派生需求differentiated good 差異商品differentiated oligoply 差異寡頭diminishing marg

6、inal substitution 邊際替代率遞減diminishing marginal return 收益遞減diminishing marginal utility 邊際效用遞減direct taxes 直接稅discounting 貼稅、折扣diseconomies of scale 規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟vision of labour 勞動分工duoupoly 雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality 對偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 動態(tài)分析dynamic models 動態(tài)模型EEconomic agents 經(jīng)濟行為者economic cost 經(jīng)濟成本econ

7、omic efficiency 經(jīng)濟效率economic goods 經(jīng)濟物品economic man 經(jīng)濟人economic mode 經(jīng)濟模型economic profit 經(jīng)濟利潤economic region of production 生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟區(qū)域economic regulation 經(jīng)濟調(diào)節(jié)economic rent 經(jīng)濟租金exchange 交換exchange efficiency 交換效率exchange contract curve 交換契約曲線economy of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思圖exclusion 排斥性、排

8、他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率,效益efficiency parameter 效率參數(shù)elasticity 彈性elasticity of substitution 替代彈性endogenous variable 內(nèi)生變量endowment 稟賦endowment of resources 資源稟賦Engel curve 恩格爾曲線entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家才能entry barriers 進入壁壘entry/exit decision 進出決策envolope curve

9、 包絡線equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡條件equilibrium price 均衡價格equilibrium quantity 均衡產(chǎn)量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等價變量excess-capacity theorem 過度生產(chǎn)能力定理excess supply 過度供給exchange 交換exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原則existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 總體均衡的存在性exogeno

10、us variables 外生變量expansion paths 擴展徑expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值explicit cost 顯性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部經(jīng)濟external diseconomy 外部不經(jīng)濟externalities 外部性Ffactor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市場factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素factor substitution 要素替代fall

11、acy of composition 合成謬誤final goods 最終產(chǎn)品first-degree price discrimination 第一級價格歧視first-order condition 一階條件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow 流量fluctuation 波動for whom to produce 為誰生產(chǎn)free entry 自由進入free goods 自由品,免費品free mobility of resources 資源自由流動free

12、 rider 搭便車function 函數(shù)future value 未來值Ggame theory 博弈論general equilibrium 總體均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬商品Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之謎Gini coefficient 吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule 黃金規(guī)則government failure 政府失敗government regulation 政府調(diào)控Hheterogeneous product 異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hicks-kaldor welfare criterion ?？怂挂豢柖喔＠麡藴蔴omogenei

13、ty 齊次性homogeneous demand function 齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneous product 同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneous production function 齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)how to produce 如何生產(chǎn)human capital 人力資本hypothesis 假說Iimperfect competion 不完全競爭implicitcost 隱性成本income constraint 收入約束income consumption curve 收入消費曲線income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效應income ela

14、sticity of demand 需求收入彈性increasing cost industry 成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasing returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬遞增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指數(shù)indifference 無差異indifference curve 無差異曲線indifference map 無差異族indifference relation 無差異關系indifference set 無差異集indirect approach 間接法individual analysis 個量分析induced variable 引致變量inel

15、astic 缺乏彈性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐點information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始條件initial endowment 初始稟賦innovation 創(chuàng)新input-output 投入-產(chǎn)出institution 制度institutional economics 制度經(jīng)濟學intermediate goods 中間產(chǎn)品internatization of externalities 外部性內(nèi)部化inverse demand function 逆需求函數(shù)invisible hand 看不見的手iso

16、cost line 等成本線,isoquant curve 等產(chǎn)量曲線Lleader-follower model 領導者-跟隨者模型least-cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入組合leisure 閑暇Leontief production function 列昂節(jié)夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses 許可證linear demand function 線性需求函數(shù)long run長期long run equilibrium 長期均衡Lorenz curve 洛倫茲曲線loss minimization 損失極小化1ump sum tax 一次性征稅Mmarginal

17、 邊際的marginal benefit 邊際收益marginal cost 邊際成本邊際成本為成本變動量除以產(chǎn)量變動量,其代表的是一種變動率,也就是產(chǎn)量增加一單位,所引起的成本變動量;邊際成本與變動成本的關系是,當產(chǎn)量為零時,變動成本為零。marginal cost pricing 邊際成本定價marginal cost of factor 邊際要素成本marginal period 市場期marginal physical productivity 實際實物生產(chǎn)率marginal product 邊際產(chǎn)量marginal product of capital 資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal

18、 product of 1abour 勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率marginal rate of substitution 邊替代率marginal rate of transformation 邊際轉換率marginal returns 邊際回報marginal revenue 邊際收益marginal revenue product 邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revolution 邊際革命marginal social benefit 社會邊際收益marginal social cost 社會邊際成本marginal utility 邊際效用m

19、arginal value products 邊際價值產(chǎn)品market clearance 市場出清market failure 市場失敗market mechanism 市場機制market structure 市場結構market separation 市場分割market regulation 市場調(diào)節(jié)market share 市場份額Marshallian demand function 馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization 極大化minimum wage 最低工資misallocation of resources 資源誤置mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟model 模型mon

20、opolistic competition 壟斷競爭monopolistic exploitation 壟斷剝削monopoly 壟斷,賣方壟斷monopoly equilibrium 壟斷均衡monopoly pricing 壟斷定價monopoly regulation 壟斷調(diào)控monopoly rents 壟斷租金monopsony 買方壟斷NNash equilibrium 納什均衡Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Natural resources 自然資源net demand 凈需求nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非線性定價nonriv

21、alry 非對抗性nonprice competition 非價格競爭nonsatiation 非飽和性non-zero-sum game 非零和對策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利潤normative economics 規(guī)范經(jīng)濟學Oobjective function 目標函數(shù)oligopoly 寡頭壟斷oligopoly market 寡頭市場oligopoly model 寡頭模型opportunity cost 機會成本optimal choice 最佳選擇optimal consumption bundle 消費束perfect elasticit

22、y 完全有彈性optimal resource allocation 最佳資源配置optimal scale 最佳規(guī)模optimal solution 最優(yōu)解optimization 優(yōu)化ordering of optimization(social preference (社會偏好排序output elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化PPareto criterion 帕累托標準Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改進Pareto optimality 帕累托優(yōu)化Pareto set 帕累托集p

23、ay off matrix 收益矩陣、支付矩陣perfect competition 完全競爭perfect complement 完全互補品perfect monopoly 完全壟斷perfect price discrimination 完全價格歧視perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全無彈性perfectly elastic 完全有彈性perfectly inelastic 完全無彈性plant size 工廠規(guī)模point elasticity 點彈性positive economics 實證經(jīng)濟學post Hoc Falla

24、cy 后此謬誤prediction 預測preference 偏好preference relation 偏好關系present value 現(xiàn)值price adjustment model 價格調(diào)整模型price ceiling 最高限價price consumption curve 價格費曲線price control 價格管制price difference 價格差別price discrimination 價格歧視price elasticity of demand 需求價格彈性price elasticity of supply 供給價格彈性price floor 最低限價price

25、 maker 價格制定者price rigidity 價格剛性price seeker 價格搜求者price taker 價格接受者price tax 從價稅private benefit 私人收益principal-agent issues 委托-代理問題private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人財產(chǎn)producer equilibrium 生產(chǎn)者均衡producer theory 生產(chǎn)者理論product transformation curve 產(chǎn)品轉換曲線product differentiation 產(chǎn)品差異produ

26、ct group 產(chǎn)品集團production contract curve 生產(chǎn)契約曲線production efficiency 生產(chǎn)效率production function 生產(chǎn)函數(shù)production possibility curve 生產(chǎn)可能性曲線productivity 生產(chǎn)率productivity of capital 資本生產(chǎn)率productivity of labor 勞動生產(chǎn)率profit function 利潤函數(shù)profit maximization 利潤極大化property rights 產(chǎn)權property rights economics 產(chǎn)權經(jīng)濟學pub

27、lic benefits 公共收益public choice 公共選擇public goods 公共商品pure competition 純粹競爭rivalry 對抗性、競爭pure exchange 純交換pure monopoly 純粹壟斷Qquantity tax 從量稅quasi-rent 準租金Rrate of product transformation 產(chǎn)品轉換率rationality 理性reaction function 反應函數(shù)relative price 相對價格rent 租金rent control 規(guī)模報酬rent seeking 尋租rent seeking eco

28、nomics 尋租經(jīng)濟學resource allocation 資源配置returns to scale 規(guī)模報酬revealed preference 顯示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲線revenue function 收益函數(shù)revenue maximization 收益極大化risk 風險Ssatiation 飽和,滿足scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法則second-degree price discrimination 二級價格歧視service 勞務shadow prices 影子價格short-run 短期short-r

29、un cost curve 短期成本曲線 short-run equilibrium 短期均衡 short-run supply curve 短期供給曲線 shut down decision 關閉決策 shortage 短缺 shut down point 關閉點 single price monopoly 單一定價壟斷 slope 斜率 social benefit 社會收益 social cost 社會成本 social indifference curve 社會無差異曲線 social preference 社會偏好 social security 社會保障 social welfare function 社會福利函數(shù) static analysis 靜態(tài)分析 stock 存量 strategy 策略 subsidy 津貼 substitutes 替代品 subs