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1、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型 高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題是考生感到棘手的題型之一。作者對(duì)近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題作了細(xì)致的分析并加以歸類(lèi)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型主要集中在以下方面。(例題保留原題號(hào)) 1. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 每年都有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤的小題,而且改動(dòng)基本集中在一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)之間。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。 (1)(2003全國(guó)卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was. 84. read (and連接并列謂語(yǔ)) (2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and contr

2、olled myself. 83. apologized (and連接并列謂語(yǔ)) (3)(2004全國(guó)卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,. 82. talk (根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took (把照片寄給你,應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)拍好的,用過(guò)去時(shí)) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷) There are advantage for students to wo

3、rk while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is (從上下文判斷,應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用is) (6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and連接并列謂語(yǔ)) 2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 單復(fù)數(shù)互改是高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的基本題型之一,改動(dòng)的依據(jù)有:一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。 (1)(2003全國(guó)卷)Their word were a great encourageme

4、nt to me. 85. words (是把word改為words 還是把were改為was,根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來(lái)決定。) (2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months (several修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞) (3)(2004全國(guó)卷) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes (a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷)But one and a half year later. 79. years (one and a half意思為一

5、年半,故判斷此處year應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷)There are advantage for students to work. 76. advantages (從there are 判斷應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤范圍龐大,解答高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題主要能夠從以下幾方面來(lái)思考:1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的使用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取?(1)(2004 全國(guó)卷)I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I h

6、ave classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as (復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞使用不當(dāng)) (2)(2004 全國(guó)卷) I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. 81. why (復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞使用不當(dāng)) (3)(2005全國(guó)卷)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work (缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷)Earning their own money allow

7、them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows (主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Earning their own money,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用單數(shù)) (5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was (主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)) 4. 贅述 高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來(lái)看用了多余的詞,從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。 (1)(2003全國(guó)卷80)I followed her advice and shou

8、ld put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should (并列謂語(yǔ),should多余) (2)(2004 全國(guó)卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about (tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句) (3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, . 78. to (look up a word查字典) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷)Some students may also to save up for t

9、heir college or future use. 84. to (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形) (5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是連詞for是介詞,不能并列) 5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語(yǔ)、固定搭配) 所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語(yǔ)中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。如固定短語(yǔ)中的詞不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。 (1)(2003全國(guó)卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I w

10、as . 81. talking (enjoy doing為固定短語(yǔ)) (2)(2004 全國(guó)卷)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at (laugh at sb. 固定短語(yǔ)) (3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82 with (provide . with為固定短語(yǔ)) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.

11、 76. for (thank sb for sth) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with (with money) 6. 冠詞 英語(yǔ)中冠詞只有三個(gè),從高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的角度來(lái)看,只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題:1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。 (1)(2004 全國(guó)卷)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根據(jù)句義是特指這個(gè)周末) (2)(2004江蘇卷)When I

12、 was boy, . 76. a (我是一個(gè)男孩,應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a.) (3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an (English開(kāi)頭字母是元音,應(yīng)該用an) (4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from books that I read. 82. the (名詞后由從句修飾時(shí),應(yīng)使用定冠詞) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷)I hope youve hadpleasant journey home and will come to China 83. a 7. 代

13、詞 代詞不僅要與其所指代對(duì)象一致,其運(yùn)用還要符合上下文的語(yǔ)氣及邏輯關(guān)系。 (1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own . 78. their (指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致) (2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是復(fù)數(shù),后應(yīng)該用替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞的代詞。) (3)(2005全國(guó)卷)Some students may also save

14、 up for our college or future use. 85. their (指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致) (4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him (play a trick on sb) 8. 連詞及與并置問(wèn)題 連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點(diǎn)是解答連詞及其相關(guān)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在。 (1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79.

15、and (從句意可知,此處表并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and) (2)(2004全國(guó)卷)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列關(guān)系,“于是、同時(shí)、然后”等意思) (3)(2004全國(guó)卷)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet (連接的詞性應(yīng)一致) 9. 易混淆的詞或詞組 易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞,也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯(cuò)題中不容忽視的部分。 (1)(2004全國(guó)卷)Findin

16、g information on the Net is easily. 83. easy (be easy 非常容易,形容詞做表語(yǔ)) (2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately (副詞做狀語(yǔ)) (3)(2003全國(guó)卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 78. everything (在陳述句中一般用everything) (4)(2004 重慶卷).but I had terribly problems memoriz

17、ing them. 77. terrible (作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible (系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ))以上錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型的劃分不一定很科學(xué),但至少能為考生解答高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題提供思考方法。一旦考生認(rèn)清了高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的特點(diǎn)、解題方法以及錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型,解題時(shí)就不會(huì)盲目從事,而能做到有的放矢。短文改錯(cuò)題常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型1、冠詞的多用、少用、混用。2、名詞 的數(shù)與格的誤用。3、主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。學(xué)生往往容易忽視定語(yǔ)從句中強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致性。4、代詞的指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。代詞的指代一致性包括人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、格和性四方面

18、的統(tǒng)一。代詞的人稱(chēng)可分為第一、二、三人稱(chēng)和非人稱(chēng);代詞的數(shù)分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù);代詞的格分為主格、賓格、所有格還有名詞性物主代詞;代詞的性分為陽(yáng)性、陰性和中性。5、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的誤用。多數(shù)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、和語(yǔ)氣變化形式,還有上下文的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),主從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。6、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的誤用。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的難點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在Ving形式和過(guò)去分詞的用法區(qū)別、Ving形式與不定式的用法區(qū)別、以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用。7、形容詞、副詞的混用及其比較等級(jí)的誤用。形容詞一般在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞,作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征;而副詞的作用較復(fù)雜,常常修飾形容詞 、副詞 、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞或全句。形容詞

19、和副詞比較等級(jí)的誤用現(xiàn)象:省略不當(dāng);自身比較;修飾語(yǔ)的誤用;than連接的兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象不一致或不平行。8、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的誤用。關(guān)聯(lián)詞分并列連詞 and,but,or,so,when等,從屬連詞各種從句的引導(dǎo)詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)的誤用除涉及到其基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還涉及至行文邏輯關(guān)系。短文改錯(cuò)題慣用的命題手法是:and,but,or,so等之間的混用;because與so并用;although與but并用;why 與because并用;come與go混用;here與there混用。9、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指用一連串作用和結(jié)構(gòu)相同的或相似的成份表達(dá)同一范疇或同一性質(zhì)、密切關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容。平行結(jié)構(gòu)有詞之間的平行、詞組之

20、間的平行、句子或從句之間的平行、段落之間的平行。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的并列連詞 有and,but,or,than等。10、成分的多與少多一詞或少一詞。多或少的詞語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)于冠詞、介詞、不定式標(biāo)記to等,不過(guò)有時(shí)也可能是實(shí)義詞。在短文改錯(cuò)中常出現(xiàn)repeat back,serve for等錯(cuò)誤。這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤大多由于學(xué)生受漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響,或?qū)τ⒄Z(yǔ)詞義的理解不夠準(zhǔn)確造成的。11、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法和介詞的誤用。短文改錯(cuò)中涉及到固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法常常多用、少用或誤用其中的介詞,有時(shí)也涉及到其中的動(dòng)詞、冠詞的錯(cuò)誤搭配。短文改錯(cuò)題常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型剖析1、多詞多冠詞。I caught a sigh of my En

21、glish in the crowd。析sight是不可數(shù)名詞,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見(jiàn)”。故應(yīng)去掉a。多介詞。We practice for three times every week。此例中是作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)多了介詞,故應(yīng)去掉for固定搭配中多詞。I was used to watch it 。此 例屬于used to do 與be used to兩個(gè)固定搭配的誤用,據(jù)句意應(yīng)去was。即“過(guò)去常?!敝?。行文邏輯上多詞。First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first可知是剛剛開(kāi)始向別人講述自

22、己的事情,故只能說(shuō)something ,而不要加more.詞義重復(fù)。Ill spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意為“整個(gè)周末”,再加上all ,詞義重復(fù)。故去all.出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象。Today I visited the Smiths _my first time visit to an American family . 本句中first 修飾visit ,vsit 此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問(wèn)”,time多余。2、缺詞名詞前缺限定詞。The day before the

23、speech contest English teacher talked to me .根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語(yǔ)教師,故應(yīng)English teacher 前加上my ,表達(dá)一個(gè)更確切的概念。缺動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to. Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加動(dòng)詞,需to,構(gòu)成固定搭配would like to do something,意為“想做某事”。缺系動(dòng)詞。What your favorite spor

24、t ?本句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)在What后面加is .短文改錯(cuò)的解題步驟1、通讀短文,把握文意??焖匍喿x短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的錯(cuò)誤,切忌拿到短文提筆就改。2、依據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)法逐句判斷。錯(cuò)誤是按行設(shè)置的,但找錯(cuò)不是以行為單位尋找,必須依據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)法分析,逐句或跨行尋找錯(cuò)誤。3、先易后難,逐類(lèi)排查。先找出比較明顯的錯(cuò)誤,逐步縮小 錯(cuò)誤的范圍。十行之中有一行是正確的。4、利用行文邏輯,突破改錯(cuò)難點(diǎn)。有些行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤,從詞法、句法的角度看是正確的,但是通過(guò)上下文的邏輯分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)是錯(cuò)誤的。5、復(fù)讀短文,檢查答案,注意行文邏輯關(guān)系的正確合理。6、嚴(yán)格按照試題要求答題,萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能隨心所欲解題。短

25、文改錯(cuò)的解題技巧1、利用排除法進(jìn)行短文改錯(cuò),所謂“排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大意基本把握住文章整體時(shí)態(tài)的前提下,行不離句,句不離文,將句子分成若干語(yǔ)段,逐一排除,使錯(cuò)誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)散性思考,從而快速找到答案。2、發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯(cuò)誤。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法上相同的謂語(yǔ),故應(yīng)把drank改drinking.3、發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比

26、較級(jí),比較的對(duì)象等方面的錯(cuò)誤。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根據(jù)上下文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該句含“asas”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,所以應(yīng)在many前加上as。4、發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文邏輯,應(yīng)把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英語(yǔ)中兩個(gè)分句之間不能僅僅用逗號(hào),而要用合適的

27、連詞連接。故以上兩個(gè)分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對(duì)比。5、發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有多重結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯(cuò)誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .該句犯了連詞重復(fù)使用的錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)去掉immediately.6、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有疑問(wèn)詞使用不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。如:-How many was the price of your car ?-I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英語(yǔ)中問(wèn)價(jià)格時(shí),可用what price 或how much 提問(wèn)。回

28、答時(shí)常用high price low price .所以應(yīng)把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.7、發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時(shí),就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。8、發(fā)現(xiàn)有固定短語(yǔ)時(shí),就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯(cuò)誤。如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sigh

29、t of (看見(jiàn))是固定詞組,所以要去掉a.9、發(fā)現(xiàn)并列主語(yǔ)、從句、不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、金錢(qián)等作主語(yǔ),together with, as well as 等引導(dǎo)的成份修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),就要檢查是否有主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如:Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主語(yǔ)也是playing football,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù),故give應(yīng)改為gives .10、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊動(dòng)詞結(jié)

30、構(gòu)時(shí),就要檢查其特殊用法是否正確。如:He made me to post a letter for him .英語(yǔ)中的感官動(dòng)詞see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to 等,使役動(dòng)詞let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,如果由不定式的短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不定式須省去to.故應(yīng)去掉句中的to.11、發(fā)現(xiàn)有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)時(shí),就要檢查是否有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如;The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .該句型中不定式to

31、 carry 邏輯上的賓語(yǔ)就是句子中的主語(yǔ),所以句中的it是多余,應(yīng)去掉。短文改錯(cuò)題中動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路1、如果該動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),可考慮其時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:Anyone may borrow books ,and it cost nothing to borrow them (cost-costs) 如:Books may be keep for two weeks (keep kept )2、如果該動(dòng)詞不作謂語(yǔ),可試著改成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。如:I look forward to hear from you soon .(hear -hearing ) 如:play football not

32、only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (play-playing )短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)分析短文改錯(cuò)是一種對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與綜合技能的檢測(cè)題。它主要檢測(cè)考生對(duì)詞法、句法和語(yǔ)篇中的行為邏輯等的把握。1、詞法:主要涉及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù);人稱(chēng)代詞的性、數(shù)、格;不定代詞和連接代詞的用法;動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài);情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法;定冠詞不定冠詞的用法;并列連詞和從屬連詞的看法;介詞的搭配;形容詞和副詞的區(qū)別及其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法;詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法等。2、句法:各類(lèi)從句的連接;主謂一致;省略與替代;否定句型;強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性等。3、語(yǔ)

33、篇:短文時(shí)態(tài)的前后呼應(yīng)、代詞的前后一致、邏輯的前后順應(yīng)等。短文改錯(cuò)中錯(cuò)詞的誤用1、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 根據(jù)句意分析,schoolmate應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort .根據(jù)句意分析,and連接兩個(gè)不同的事情,故watch 應(yīng)以動(dòng)名詞watching 作主語(yǔ)。3、連詞誤用。It looks as if my p

34、arents treat ,me as a visitor and a guest !分析后各知。本句話意思為“看起來(lái)我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了visitor或gust 了?!岸邽檫x擇關(guān)系,而非并列關(guān)系,故應(yīng)將 and改為or.4、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞誤用。I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.此句后一部分是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which作主語(yǔ)。5、限定詞誤用。We may be one family and live under a same roof .same 意為“同樣的”,前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the ,而不是a。6、詞義辨析誤

35、用。They did not want me to do my work at family .family 側(cè)重指“家庭這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或家里人”,而home 則側(cè)重指“家庭的所在地”。因此“在家里”應(yīng)用at home. 短文改錯(cuò)中“一致性”問(wèn)題1、主謂一致2、時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的一致3、代詞先后指代一致4、名詞數(shù)的一致5、平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的一致6、全文寫(xiě)作邏輯語(yǔ)義一致高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)解題指導(dǎo)    以往,短文改錯(cuò)題是高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)試卷和絕大多數(shù)單獨(dú)命題省市試卷的基本題型。由于其綜合了對(duì)于高中生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法、閱讀和寫(xiě)作能力的綜合考察,所以一直以來(lái)都是學(xué)生們頗感棘手的難題。我們認(rèn)為,經(jīng)過(guò)合理

36、的指導(dǎo)和科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生們完全可以熟悉其核心的命題思路和解題技巧,從而取得理想的成績(jī)。一、高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的命題特點(diǎn)分析從上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)以來(lái),高考短文改錯(cuò)題的考察方式基本已經(jīng)穩(wěn)定下來(lái),其設(shè)疑方式不外乎:無(wú)錯(cuò)(1處)、多詞或少詞(3到4處)以及錯(cuò)詞(5-6處)。而且,沒(méi)有單詞拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或詞序錯(cuò)誤,只涉及語(yǔ)法、習(xí)慣表達(dá)和語(yǔ)義邏輯層面。三、高考英語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)題的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型根據(jù)對(duì)近十年全部高考改錯(cuò)題的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,我們認(rèn)為,短文改錯(cuò)題所涉及到的高頻考點(diǎn),恰好也是中學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。我們希望考生能夠參考我們所總結(jié)的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型,在練習(xí)改錯(cuò)題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)和歸納,這樣才能夠提高對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的嗅覺(jué)力

37、和敏感度。這些錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型主要為:1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子完整性3、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問(wèn)題4、上下文語(yǔ)意和指代5、介詞6、固定(習(xí)慣)用法7、詞性8、冠詞9、連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞10、動(dòng)詞不定式四、實(shí)例分析接下來(lái),我們以考題為例,分析短文改錯(cuò)題的具體解題流程。1)There are advantage for students to work while2)studying at school. One of them was that3)they can earn money. For the most part,4)students working to earn money fo

38、r their own5)use. Earning their own money allow them6)to spend on anything as if they please.7)They would have to ask their parents for8)money or for permission to do things by9)the money. Some students may also to save10)up for our college or future use.通過(guò)閱讀全文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):1、  這是一篇議論文,探討學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該打工。主體時(shí)態(tài)是

39、現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第2)小題的局部時(shí)態(tài)和主體時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生沖突,而且經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步判斷,屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。2、  文章的第一句是這篇議論文的論點(diǎn),它明確了全文的立足點(diǎn):打工有好處。因此,第7)小題雖然沒(méi)有任何語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,但其邏輯和全文的整體邏輯恰好背道而馳。3、  文章是作者站在第三方對(duì)一個(gè)一般現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行的評(píng)論,主體敘事角度與“我”、“我們”無(wú)關(guān)。第10)小題的代詞“our”有錯(cuò)誤嫌疑。第1)小題,There are advantage for students to work while中,系動(dòng)詞are和主語(yǔ)advantage的單復(fù)數(shù)一致性出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題,但此時(shí)還不能貿(mào)然判斷究竟是哪一個(gè)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題。通過(guò)

40、閱讀下文,我們得出至少有兩個(gè)層面的“好處”,因此把a(bǔ)dvantage改為advantages;第2)小題,studying at school. One of them was that中,我們已經(jīng)解釋過(guò)了,時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)將was改為is;第3)小題,they can earn money. For the most part,中,沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤,for the most part為習(xí)慣表達(dá),表示“最主要的原因是”,且語(yǔ)法無(wú)誤;第4)students working to earn money for their own中,working是非謂語(yǔ)形式,導(dǎo)致該句沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ),是一個(gè)典型的不完整句,因此要將w

41、orking改為work,還原其謂語(yǔ)功能。第5)小題,use. Earning their own money allow them中,主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞形式的earning,與謂語(yǔ)allow的一致性出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,應(yīng)改為allows;第6)小題,to spend on anything as if they please.中,從句引導(dǎo)詞錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致含義混亂,應(yīng)將as if改為as;第7)小題,They would have to ask their parents for中,如上文中的解釋?zhuān)臑閟hould not;第8)小題,money or for permission to do things by

42、中,介詞使用有誤,這主要還是一個(gè)語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題。將by改為with;第9)小題,the money. Some students may also to save中,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和不定時(shí)的語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題,應(yīng)該將to去掉;第10)小題,up for our college or future use.中,我們解釋過(guò)了,這里的代詞our與全文的敘述角度發(fā)生沖突。經(jīng)判斷,將其改為their。大致上,短文改錯(cuò)涵蓋面較廣,本文只是總結(jié)了數(shù)年考試題型做了歸納,總之這類(lèi)題十分注意細(xì)節(jié)。令:本文是其他一線教師力作,拿來(lái)即用。Exercise 2Dear students,The Students Union was goin

43、g to hold an English Speech 1. _contest in the evening of December 30. The purpose 2. _is increase the students interest in learning English and 3. _improve their spoken English. Which is going to be held in4. _the school main hall and will begins at 7:30. And the 5. _best five students of this Engl

44、ish contest will be given6. _prizes. Someone in Grade Three will be 7. _welcome to take part in it. Those would like to take part 8. _in this contest should go to the office of the Students9. _Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10. _English Speech.Welcome to this great fun!答案及解析1

45、. was改為is。2. in改為on。指具體某一天的晚上, 要用介詞on。3. is后加to。此處為不定式作表語(yǔ)。4. Which改為It。此處應(yīng)用it指代前文的an English Speech contest, 如用which指代則無(wú)主句。5. begins改為begin。will后需用動(dòng)詞原形與will共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分。6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。7. Someone改為Everyone。everyone側(cè)重整體, 指“每個(gè)人”; someone側(cè)重個(gè)體, 意為“某個(gè)人”。8. Those后加who。此處用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。9. go改為come。根據(jù)文章第一句話可知, 此通知發(fā)出者是the S

46、tudents Union。所以要用come而不用go。10. 刪去it。此句中已有賓語(yǔ)your names, 不需用it。Exercise 3Listening to foreign broadcast easier 1. _if we know something about. There are clues 2. _that can help us. One clue is the time of 3. _day. Morning programs usually contains many 4. _short items of news, informations, etc. The

47、5. _items are short because of most of us are 6. _getting ready to going to work in the 7. _morning. Often we do not have time listen 8. _to long programs. There are time for more 9. _details about the subjects discuss in evening programs.10. _答案及解析1. easier前加is。此處應(yīng)構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”句型。2. about后加it。about

48、是介詞, 后面應(yīng)接名詞、 代詞、 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。3. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。4. contains改為contain。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。主語(yǔ)programs為復(fù)數(shù)形式。5. informations改為rmation為不可數(shù)名詞。6. 刪去because后面的of。because后面應(yīng)接一個(gè)句子; 而because of后面應(yīng)接名詞、 代詞、 動(dòng)名詞。7. going改為go。be ready to do sth.為固定短語(yǔ), 意為“準(zhǔn)備做某事”。8. listen前為to。have time to do sth.意為“有時(shí)間做某事”。9. are改為is。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤。主語(yǔ)t

49、ime為不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。10. discuss改為discussed。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。此處動(dòng)詞discuss與其邏輯主語(yǔ)subjects應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用discussed作定語(yǔ)。Exercise 4Life on earth depends the sun. Day after 1. _day we see its light and feel its warm, but we 2. _do not often consider about its origin. 3. _Yet there are many remarkable things about the 4. _

50、sun. One is their distance from the earth. Even 5. _if it could be made, a trip to the sun would spend a long 6. _time even by the fastest rocket. 7. _The sun is a large satellite. The planet 8. _earth is very small in comparison. The sun make 9. _us to feel hot, even at a distance of 93 million mil

51、es. 10. _答案及解析1. depend后加on。此處depend為不及物動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)與on連用, 表示“依賴(lài), 依靠”。2. warm改為warmth。warm為形容詞, 在its后應(yīng)用名詞warmth作feel的賓語(yǔ)。3. 刪去about。此處consider為及物動(dòng)詞, 直接接賓語(yǔ)。4. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。5. their改為its。依上文此處指代“太陽(yáng)的”。6. spend改為take。take應(yīng)由物作主語(yǔ), 表示時(shí)間或金錢(qián)的花費(fèi), 而spend則通常用人作主語(yǔ)。7. by改為in。in the fastest rocket為固定用法, 表示具體的運(yùn)輸工具。8. satellite改為st

52、ar。satellite意為“衛(wèi)星”, star多用來(lái)指恒星。9. make改為makes。此處make應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)the sun保持一致。10. 刪去to。當(dāng)不定式作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 應(yīng)省略to。Exercise 5After I finished the school this year, I began to 1. _look for work. Now several month later, I still hadnt2. _found the job that I was interested. Last Sunday morning3. _I received a

53、 phone call from a man calling him Mr. Smith. 4. _He said to me on the phone, “I hear you do very 5. _well in your studies. I may provide a job for you.” I entered 6. _his office with a beaten heart. How I hoped that I 7. _will go through the job -hunting talk today and he would8. _take me on as a l

54、ab assistant. But to my surprised, 9. _what he said disappointing. He only needed a model. 10. _答案及解析1. 刪去the。冠詞錯(cuò)誤。finish school意為“完成學(xué)業(yè), 畢業(yè)”, school為抽象名詞, 前不加冠詞。2. month改為months。名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。several修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. interested后加in。介詞錯(cuò)誤。be interested in是固定詞組。4. him改為himself。代詞錯(cuò)誤, 根據(jù)文意應(yīng)為“自稱(chēng)是”。5. do改為did。動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。句意應(yīng)為“我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你(過(guò)去)學(xué)習(xí)不錯(cuò)”, 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)已畢業(yè)。6. 此行無(wú)錯(cuò)。7. beaten改為beating。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。a beating heart相當(dāng)于a heart which is beating。8. will改為would。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。主句是過(guò)去時(shí), 賓語(yǔ)從句要用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。9. surprised改為surprise。to ones s

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