高考英語專題沖刺專題閱讀理解之議論文含解析

1、專題卷四閱讀理解之議論文1 .閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D ）中，選出最佳選項。Whenl was young, mymother didn't have the money to send meto school, but she thought it was importantfor me to keep up with education. Soshe decided toteachme extralessons herself. Butbecause she had to go to work, the only timeshe could do

2、itwas at 4:30 in the morning.We need every oneof you to develop your talents and your skillsso that you canhelp us old folkssolve our most difficult problems. Ifyou quit on schoolyou'renot just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. No one's writtenyour destiny （命運）for yo

3、u, because you write your own destiny.You make your ownfuture. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending

4、some time reading a book.But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work - that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a re

5、ality TV star. No one's born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the firsttime you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song.You've got to practi ce.I.What can we learn from the first paragrap

6、h?A. The writer's home was very rich.B. The writer's mother was a teacher.C. The writer was born in a poor family.D. The writer didn't like reading books.2 .What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills?A. To quit on their country to earn more money.B. To

7、 offer help to the old people who have difficulties.C. To write their own new destiny by working as TV star.D. To spend some time writing books about theirown life.3 .Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal?A. Because everyone's future is determined by themselves.B. Because

8、everyone's future is to do simple work.C. Because everyone should do their homework.D. Because everyone should pay attention in class.4 .How can people realize their great dream?A. By rapping.B. By playing basketball.C By being a reality star.D. By working hard.【答案】1.C2.B3 .A4 .D【解析1在這個暄號浮躁抑寸代j我

9、11圖常會問老師也問自己；上學到底有什么用，讀書又有什么用？今天找11 起來看看作者是如何看待這一問題的，1 .C鈿節(jié)理解題«根抿第一段的第一句話".my mcdkr日如立加七ttc too岬to send hk tosdnol, “何知咋者 出生在一個黃男的冢庭。2 .B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句話"Weneed every one of you to develop your talentsand your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.

10、"可知作者想通過提高每一個人的才能和技能從而幫助有困難的老人。3 .A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第四、第五句話"You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and doeverything you can to meet them.可知作者號召大家設立自己的目標的目的是因為自己命運應該由自己來書寫。4 .D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 "No one's born

11、being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. "可知人們必須通過自己的努力工作才能實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。故選D項?？键c：考查議論文閱讀【題型】閱讀理解【難度】較易2.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D ）中，選出最佳選項。Fighting racial stereotypes on US campuses often begins by putting students ofdifferent ethnic backgrounds together under one d

12、ormitory roof.Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black studenton his floor. He was determined to get good grades in part to make sure his whiteroommate had no basis for negative racial views. "You're pushed to do better, tochallenge the stereotype that black peo

13、ple are not that smart," he told the NewYork Times.Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different racecan reduce prej rudice, diversify（使多樣化）friendships and even promote students ' academic performance. In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio, bl

14、ack freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades ifthey had a white roommateeven if the roommate ' s te st scores were low. Anotherstudy on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with roommates of a differentrace were the most likely to diversify

15、 their friendships.“Just having diversityin classrooms doesn' t do anything to increase interracialfriendships, " said Claudia Buchman, an author of the Duke study.aBut livingtogether with a different- race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships. ”There are, however, some proble

16、ms with such room assignments. Fazio ' s study found that three times as many randomly（隨機地 ）assigned interracial roommates weren' t living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates.Interracial roommates also spent less time together, had fewer joint activities and we

17、re less invo lved with each other ' s friends than white pairs.As for Boakye, this is not the case. "A lot of white students come without much exposure to diversity, so when trheir first interaction with a black guy isn ' t bad, they will make more black friends. I think I made a good i

18、mpression on my freshman roommate. I saw him this year, and he said,'Hey dude, you ' re not the only blackfriend I have. ' That felt good. ” I.Having a roommate of a different race can have the following benefits EXCEPT.A. making more friendsB. reducing prejudiceC. earning better gradesD

19、. improving physical health2.Sam Boakye was determined to get good grades partly because.A. he wanted to prove he was a smart boyB. he intended to please his parentsC. he wished to earn the sch olarshipD. he wanted to show black people are as smart as white people 3.We can conclude that Boakye.A. go

20、t along well with his white roommateB. shared fewer joint activities with his white roommateC. had a negative attitude towards his white roommateD. is still living together with his freshman white roommate4.The 4th paragraph is mainly about.A. the interracial friendshipB. some problems with having a

21、n interracial roommateC. some comments on the interracial roommatesD. the interaction between the black student and the white student【答案】 1.D2 .D3 .A4.B【鞘斤美國大學校園為了抵制種族模式化，專門把不同科族文化背景的人地在千個寢室里,這洋彼經(jīng)過研究后 發(fā)現(xiàn)慶干弊“1D推理判斷題“根據(jù)第23段的描述可如有很多好處，唯一漫提到的就是D工再散選D“2 .D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段 "You're pushed to do better

22、, to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart," he told the New York Times.可知他是想證明他跟白人一樣聰明，選 Do3 .A 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)最后段 I think I madea good impression on my freshman roommate. I saw him this year, and he said,' Hey dude, you ' re not the only black friend Ihave.' Th a

23、t felt good. "可知，他跟室友相處很好。故選A。4 .B主旨大意題。第四段主要是講不同種族文化學生在一個寢室產(chǎn)生的問題，故選B。考點：考查議論文閱讀【題型】閱讀理解 【難度】一般3.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D ）中，選出最佳選項。Why I' ve taken a break from holidaysIt is now close to four years since I last took a holiday. This is because Ihave come to the conclusion , over the co

24、urse of my adult life , that I am not very good at it . You might think this sounds like saying you' re not very good at drinking tea or listening to music . What could possibly be difficult about the natural act of putting your working life on hold for a couple of weeks and going somewhere warm

25、 to do nothing ?I had an urge to check my e-mailsI was a model holidaymaker as a kid . However, the problems started during my twenties . A trip to the south of France was ended after just two days, mainly becauseSimilarly , my honeymoon was cut short by 48hours not because m y wife and I weren '

26、; t enjoying ourselvesbut because we weremissing our catsSo what is my problem ? On the surface , I' m probably a bit of a homebody . And I just find the pressure of being on holiday too severe : it always feels like having a gun held to my head and being forced to have fun. Somehow packing a li

27、st ofpossessions and meeting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of it.Thankfully , I' m not alone . This summer , most of my friends have decided not to have a break . And a recent survey proved the downside of h

28、olidays , with the results showing that nearly two thirds of people found that the calming effects of a holiday wore off within 24 hours , as stress levels returned to normal. And this year TheIdler magazine published its Book of Awful Holidays. Here you will find a list ofthe five most ecologically

29、- damaging vacations it ' s possible to take , along with 50 painful holiday experiences voted for on The Idler website.What inte rests meis what the concept of a aholiday " says about our lives . For me the point of living is to have a life you enjoy for 52 weeks a year. The moreI like my

30、life and the better I structure it , the less I want to go away. Maybe I ' m an unusual person for not liking holidays, but I just feel the time when I ' m notworking is too valuable to waste on them.1. The events the author describes in the second paragraph showA. how hard he has tried to e

31、njoy holidaysB. how badly he behaves when he is on holidayC. his lack of enthusiasm for being on holidayD. his fear of something bad when he is on holiday 2. What does the author think of holidays?A. They are often well organized in order to please other people.B. He feels embarrassed when other peo

32、ple are having fun but he isn ' t.C. He tends to be made r responsible for too much of the organization of them.D. They are less enjoyable than breaks that have not been planned in advance.3. The underlined word “downside"in the fourth paragraph probably means .A. absence B . damage C . dis

33、advantage D . conflict4. What is the author ' s attitude towards“taking a holiday " ?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Neutral.D. Unconcerned.【答案】1. D2. D3. C4. A【解析】作者對休假有種異樣的感受。每次休假，作者總會遇到鬧心的事情。1. D細節(jié)理解題。第二段舉例說明，作者在休假中遇到煩人的事情，以至于作者對休假有種恐懼感。2. D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后句packing a list of possessions a

34、nd meeting ascheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day offand driving somewhere for the fun of it.可知：作者認為，度假遠不如事先沒有安排的臨時的休息更有趣。"C詞乂猜測題，根據(jù)劃續(xù)詞后面的語境可知，作音介紹了度假中不好的一面，由此推洌，劃名捋司的意忠是 弊舜JA推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容） 作者舉例論證他對度假中崢中煩惱表明,他是持反;捻度的?？键c：考查.議論文閱讀【題型】閱讀理解【難度】一般4.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，

35、從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D ）中，選出最佳選項。寄生蟲）that can be caught fromWomerwho own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite（cat litter（貓砂）,a study has found.Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii （T. gondii） para

36、site（ 剛地弓形蟲 ），which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide.The study involved more than 45,000 womenin Denmark. About a third of the world's population is infected with the parasite, which hides in c

37、ells in the brain and muscles, often without producing symptoms.The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis（弓形蟲病），has been linked tomental illness, such as schizophrenia（精神分裂癥 ）,and changes in behavior.The study's senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry（ 精神病

38、學）at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States, said, "We can't say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional s

39、tudies."Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University ofMaryland, said, "T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people don't realize they're infected."Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunolo

40、gy（神經(jīng)免疫學 ）.Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million peoplecommit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. Wehope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide."Dr. Postola

41、che's research team at the University of Maryland was the first toreport a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.The T. gondii parasite thrives i

42、n theintestines（ 腸）of cats, and it is spreadthrough their waste. All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humanscan become infected by changing their infected cats' litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercoo

43、ked or raw meat.Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.Babies don't produce a

44、ntibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may

45、have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places.The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and therisk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies.Dr Pos

46、tolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior.The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.1 .The common way which is more likely to be infected with the disease is.A. to eat unwashed meat or undercooked vege

47、tablesB. to clean a place where a cat once lived for a timeC. to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a woman's pregnancyD. to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat2 .What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage?A. Having a high fever

48、.B. Doing deliberate self-harm.C. Keeping a depressed mood.D. Becoming bad tempered.3 .What can be inferred from the passage?A. Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.B. The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.C. The scient

49、ists will continue their research into the possible connection.D. The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.4.Which of the follo wing statements would probably be the best title of the passage?A. Why are women more likely to commit suicide?B. Women should

50、keep away from cats.C. Ways found to deal with women's mental problems.D. Are women who own cats at a suicide r isk?【答案】1.B2.B3 .C4 .D【斛折】本文講述的是與貓長葉間接觸的人容易有精神方面的調(diào)口文章介紹了苑此現(xiàn)象進吁了講究的具俸情況。推理判斷題。根指又章第二段 L2 彳丁 Rtscarehcrs fojnd womet irfected witfc the Toxoplasma gondi (T. gondii) paraxhc(剛地弓犯蟲J, which

51、 is spread dough contact司由cat waite可知既然這種痛是由于?酬除:耍攜苦的肩 菌傳播的。那2較好的方注就是徹彘打掃有貓長時同住的地方一,殺死這些病菌。故B正瑞.1 .B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段 we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies. ”可知這種病菌與人們的自殺企圖是有關(guān)系的，自殺是一種自殘的自我傷害的行為。故B正確。3 .C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章

52、第五段"We can' t say with certainty that T. gondii caused the womento try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempt s later in life that deserves additional studies.” 可知我們現(xiàn)在無法確定這種病菌與女性自殺之間的聯(lián)系，但是科學家會繼續(xù)努力發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩者之間的聯(lián)系。故C正確。4 .D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章

53、主題段第一段Womenwho own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a commonparasitethat can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.可知本文講述的是與貓長時間接觸的人容易有精神方面的問題。文章對此現(xiàn)象進行了研究。故D正確?？键c：考查議論文閱讀【題型】閱讀理解【難度】較難5 .閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D ）中，選出

54、最佳選項。It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. The desire to be popular can force you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thinking styles.I was forced to think about popularity not too long ago in a talk I had

55、with mydaughter. Margy had to change schools when my busy work schedule made it necessary for me to move houses. I suppose that, for a girl in her teens, entering a new school is like spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. At least that' s how Margy foundit at first.However, as the sch

56、ool year drew to a close, one student after anothercame to her. I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been an instant social success in her new school. Nobody can please everyone. If you try to do so, you will find values as lasting as soap bubbles blown into the air.Some tee

57、nagers claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in a certain wayis that the crowd is doing it. They have comeout of their cocoon

58、into a larger cocoon.I k now that it has become harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave. Our way of life makes a young non-conformist stand out like a Martian. These days there ' s a great barrier for the young person who wants to find his or her own path. But the barri

59、er is worth climbing over. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. Well, go to it. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. That' s the only kind of popularity that really counts.1. Why was the author worried about his daughter ' s popularity in her new school?A. She might find no true friends.B. She would ignore her academic per