英語(yǔ)句子成分及簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

1、Members of the SentencecontentCONTENTS定義定義：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。句子成分有：句子成分有：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)一、主語(yǔ)（一、主語(yǔ)（subject）：）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。主句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。主語(yǔ)一般位于語(yǔ)一般位于_ 。主語(yǔ)的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化主語(yǔ)的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞或的形容詞或-ed-ed分詞、不定式、分詞、不定式、-ing-ing分詞和分詞和( (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) )從句等。從句

2、等。1名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。 Young people love pop music句首句首2代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如：代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如： It rains quite often in spring 3 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如：數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名詞化的形容詞或名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。分詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。 如：如： The disabled are well taken care of5不定式充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如：不定式充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy

3、 to look after a sick old man6-ing分詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如：分詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) (真正的真正的)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)7從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)(該從句稱作主語(yǔ)從句該從句稱作主語(yǔ)從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(yǔ)關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(yǔ)(從句從句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story

4、 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(yǔ)關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(yǔ)(從句從句) 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.二、謂語(yǔ)二、謂語(yǔ)二、謂語(yǔ)二、謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常由由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)連系動(dòng)詞詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).They can speak English well.Th

5、ey will go there tomorrow.三、賓語(yǔ)三、賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(object)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。 賓語(yǔ)的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不賓語(yǔ)的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、定式、-ing分詞、從句等。分詞、從句等。(能做主語(yǔ)的詞能做主語(yǔ)的詞) 1名詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：名詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： Dry wood catches fire easily 2代詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：代詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： We can invite them to our party 3副詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：副詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： The athlet

6、es left there just now4不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：分詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 6從句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如：從句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 雙賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有

7、兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ): 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)(Direct Object)和和間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語(yǔ)稱為雙賓語(yǔ).這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)往往這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)往往一個(gè)指人一個(gè)指人(一般為間接賓語(yǔ)一般為間接賓語(yǔ)), 另另一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(一般為直接賓語(yǔ)一般為直接賓語(yǔ)). He gave me a book. 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)，也可以將也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)放在放在間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)之前之前，要借助于要借助于介詞介詞toto或或forfor。He passed me the d

8、ictionary? （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress. （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此類常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：此類常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：pass，show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等等此類常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：此類常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：buy, cook, get, make, sing等等。注意注意: 如果直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞如果直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞, 則間接賓語(yǔ)則間接賓語(yǔ)必須后置必

9、須后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.系動(dòng)詞Add your title表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài)Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞變得變得一直保持一直保持看起來(lái)，似乎看起來(lái)，似乎seem， appeara.名詞名詞 His father is a teacher.b. 代詞代詞 This book is mine.c. 形容詞或分詞短語(yǔ)形容詞或分詞短語(yǔ) The leaves turn yellow

10、 in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.d. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 One plus one is two.e. 動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.f. 副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)副詞或介詞短語(yǔ) Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now.g. 從句從句 The quest

11、ion is why we should put off the meeting.修飾主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在翻譯時(shí)往往譯為 “的”后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)a.形容詞形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist.b. 名詞名詞 Lets listen to the weather forecast first.c. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ) She is reading an interesting book. I ha

12、ve no pen to write with.e. 介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 從句從句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.a.副詞副詞 Who can write beautifully?b. 介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.c. 分詞短語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ) Not knowing what

13、to do I decided to give up.d. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ) His mother often comes to see him.e. 名詞名詞 Please come this way.f. 從句從句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)nadj adv.介詞短語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式v常用的帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常用的帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 ： think, consider, feel, find, want，have, see, hear, notice,

14、make, get, leave, ask, keep.I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.八、八、 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) 在一個(gè)句子中在一個(gè)句子中, 一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)名詞或代詞代詞, 或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語(yǔ)或或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語(yǔ)或從句從句, 放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞之后之后, 用以說(shuō)明它的性質(zhì)或

15、情用以說(shuō)明它的性質(zhì)或情況況, 被稱為同位語(yǔ)被稱為同位語(yǔ)(Appositive). 可作可作同位語(yǔ)的通常有同位語(yǔ)的通常有:a.名詞名詞 This is my best friend, Tom.b. 代詞代詞 We all got a surprise.c. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 This prize is for you two.d. 從句從句 I had no idea that you were here. 就是一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的就是一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)的五種基本結(jié)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語(yǔ)的

16、五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)1.S+V 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)2.S+V+P 主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)3.S+V+O 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)4.S+V+o+O 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)5.S+V+O+C 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)content1. S+V+P 主系表英語(yǔ)五種基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.content2. S+V 主謂（不及物動(dòng)詞）英語(yǔ)五種基本句型英語(yǔ)五種基本句型The sun was shin

17、ning.We all breathe, eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.content3. S+V+O 主謂（及物動(dòng)詞）賓英語(yǔ)五種基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.content4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓英語(yǔ)五種基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me

18、 how to run the machine.content5. S+V+O +C 主謂復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)五種基本句型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon. B 6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present. 小結(jié)：同一動(dòng)詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同小結(jié)：同一動(dòng)詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同。 練習(xí)二:翻譯 1.太陽(yáng)從東方

19、升起來(lái)了。 2.她喜歡看書。 3.他的臉紅了。 4.我給他看我的照片。 5.他們把門漆成綠色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.溫馨提示： 復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子都是基于五種簡(jiǎn)單句，在前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)加以擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。我們只需要理清句子的主干就可以正確把握句子的意思。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。

20、 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單句句的的基基本本句句型型1.1.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+ +表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2.2.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 3.3.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及