歸納what,用逗號的連接性副詞,with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

1、一、名詞性從句中歸納what常見的所指語義注意事項what作為引導(dǎo)詞是名詞性從句中學(xué)習(xí)的重點，也是學(xué)生正確使用的一大難點。近年來各地高考試題中多次對what在名詞性從句中的用法進(jìn)行考查，可見此詞在英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重要性。因此，本節(jié)課我總結(jié)歸納了幾條what的常見的所指語義 。(用法記憶：what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞” )What在主句與從句中各擔(dān)當(dāng)一次名詞功能，主句中做主語、賓語、表語，從句中也做主語、賓語、表語。正如定語從句一樣，先行詞在主句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞who、which、that指代先行名詞在定語從句中也做主語、賓語、表語。What在主語、賓語、表語從句中的句法分析:1

2、. 表示表示“的東西或事情的東西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。（=everything that ） （說明：can后省略了do ，主從句中都做賓語。） He saves what he earns. 他賺多少，積蓄多少。(=all the money that ) What matters most in learning English is enough practice. 學(xué)英語時最重要的是實踐。 （=The thing that ） He drove his car at what was a dang

3、erous speed .他以危險速度駕車。（=the speed that ）2. 表示表示“的人或的樣子的人或的樣子”： He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個樣子。(=the boy/the man that ) He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。(=the fellow that) Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個樣子的？（=the person that） Most of what we

4、 call geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary efforts.大多數(shù)我們稱之為天才的人是成功的，只是因為他們超常努力。(=the people whom)3. 表示表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。(=the income that) The number of the students in our school is ten times what it wa

5、s before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。(=the number that)4. 表示表示“的時間的時間”： After what seemed like hours ,he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎過了幾個小時他才苦笑著出來。(=a long time that) The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個小時。(=a long time that)5

6、. 表示表示“的地方的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。(=the place that) In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。 (=the place that) The new hospital will be set up in what was an old factory. 新醫(yī)院將被建立在原舊工廠所在地。 (=the place that)說明說明what相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“先行詞先行詞+關(guān)系代

7、關(guān)系代詞詞”，所以其前不能有先行，所以其前不能有先行詞詞,這也能幫助同學(xué)們理解這也能幫助同學(xué)們理解定定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞即關(guān)系詞為語從句的引導(dǎo)詞即關(guān)系詞為什么沒有什么沒有what的原因。的原因。二、連接性副詞 核心提示：此處所說的連接性副詞是指與上下文連接更緊，有連詞的意味，但卻不能做連詞用的一類副詞，使用時它們前面或后面或前后均常用逗號，充當(dāng)銜接手段用以連接兩個句子。 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系however (nevertheless)； 因果關(guān)系therefore (thus，但thus一般不加逗點 )； 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系besides,moreover,furthermore, 和in addition。 與此同時

8、 meanwhile “相反”、“代替”、“頂替”， instead句首時常用逗號隔開；句末時則不用逗號。 anyway語義較多1.不管怎樣說，無論如何； 2.不論用何種方法，無論從什么角度 ；3.而且；加之；反正 (anyhow；in any case，in any event，at any rate)句首時常用逗號隔開；句末時則可以不用逗號也可用逗號。1.Recently I failed an exam. _ ，I came out of my teachers office, I told myself, Smile!2.My parents are not home today,_,

9、 I will eat outside. 3.You shouldnt look up new words in the dictionary while You read._,try to guess their meanings as you read .HoweverthereforeInstead 4., I suggest that we should develop economy to upgrade the peoples living standard, _, advanced technology and effective measures should be taken

10、 to deal with the pollutions caused by the economic prosperity. Thereforemeanwhile5.I would rather stay here .I love this old place ,_, we dont need all that extra room. 并且6.No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished making them ,so he couldnt have done it._ ,he couldnt carry a plate of s

11、andwiches as well as all his tennis stuff , so Im sure it wasnt him 并且besidesBesides/Anyway7._, I decided that going abroad wasnt a sensible idea and I decided to go to a law school in the city_.8.“Whatever you may think, such a theory of yours does not hold water, _”無倫如何,你的這種理論是站不住腳的?？碱} Anywayanywa

12、yinstead 修飾整個句子的狀語，表示說話人的看法_(personal), high school students should keep balance between study and play._(luck/fortunate), he finished the work in time._(hope), we will win ._(surprise) ,she has married again .PersonallyLuckily/FortunatelyHopefullySurprisingly_ (actual), we have a free dinner waitin

13、g for us at the hotel in Toronto ._(serious) now ,you ought to take more care of your health .ActuallySeriously “with+賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”， with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。三、 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With復(fù)合復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)With+賓語賓語+過去分詞過去分詞 (表已被動表已被動)With+賓語賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞主被動現(xiàn)在分詞主被動 (表進(jìn)行表進(jìn)行) With+賓語賓語+不定式不定式 主被動主被動 (表將來表將來)With+賓語賓語+副詞副詞 Wi

14、th+賓語賓語+形容詞形容詞 With+賓語賓語+介詞短語介詞短語 （表伴隨）（表伴隨）(表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))1.With the work（finish）, we went home = After the work had been finished, we went home. 2. With the necklace （go），），she could do nothing but borrow a lot of money to buy a new one .finishedgone3.The boy sat at the corner, with tears_（well）up in his

15、 eyes I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ (go) on . 4.With the meeting _ (hold), Tom slipped away from the back door .wellinggoingbeing held5. With you _ (help) us tomorrow, we will be able to finish the task in time= If you help us, we will be able to finish the task in time. 6. With som

16、e problems _ (solve) , I have to work really hard this weekend.7.With some trees and grass _ (plant)next year ,our shool will look more beautiful then .to helpto solveto be planted 說明說明：With some trees and grass to be planted next year ,our school will look more beatiful then . 句子的主語句子的主語our school

17、不能發(fā)出種樹的動作，因此用不定式的被動式表不能發(fā)出種樹的動作，因此用不定式的被動式表由被別人完成；由被別人完成；With some problems to solve , I have to work really hard this weekend.雖然雖然problems與與 solve也是被動關(guān)系，但由也是被動關(guān)系，但由I 我我將將來發(fā)出來發(fā)出solve的動作，句子主語與不定式的邏輯關(guān)的動作，句子主語與不定式的邏輯關(guān)系是主動的，因此也用系是主動的，因此也用to solve。8.He likes sleeping with the windows _ （open) in summer .9.The city looks mo