衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)-畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、外文資料翻譯1.GPS obtains the wide-spread application, but it still had the insufficiency. GPS hasbecomeaglobalhighandnewtechnologyindustry,whichisone kindofinformationinfrastructureandis enteringpeoplesdailylifegradually.Theexistenceinsufficiencyisveryobvious,itis thesystemwhich controlsby military,andit

2、isimpossibleatany timeanyplaceguarantee civil;Inthe bustlingstreets,thejungle,orinthemaskandtheenvironmentbadsituation,itsusabilityisrestricted;Thesinglesystemitselfhasthelimitation,and it is impossible to guarantee any application.2.GLONASS receives the attention,but it is actually disappointing. G

3、LONASS oncegave people the very optimistic scene, the realityis heartless because of the economicalandthetechnicaldualreasons,whichenableitonlyworksincompletely,nowonlyhasthe insufficiency ten star work, and is very unstable.3.Galileoiforestallsopponentbyashowofstrength,withGPScombinationapplication

4、foroverallmentality.TheGalileoplanliftsup high the pure civilflag,feelsrelievedforthehumanwith the securitysense. MoreoveritsannouncepubliclyandtheGPS compatible interaction, strengthened its attraction and the competitive power, as wellas service guarantee pledge. The richly colorful service may sa

5、tisfy the different scale andthe application domain demand.4.Themulti-systemcombinationisbetterand better,usingtheequipmentislimd.Many years later, possibly has many satellite navigational system in the sky movement, isthebetterandbetter,oneisnot unnecessary;second,cannot do too using thereceivercom

6、plex, will otherwise increase the cost largely, the being unable mass promotion; third,willreceiveafterthesatellitenumber willachieve certain number, the satellitesignalmany (will not bring the obvious advantage again. Generally has the pair of system foot.5.The enhancementsystememerges oneafter ano

7、therincessantly,thefinaloutletisthemulti-systemscombination.Nowvarioussatellitenavigationenhancementsystememerges one after another incessantly, only says by the macrozonality enhancement system,has USsWAAS, Europes EGNOS, ChinasCWAAS, Japans QZSS(alsohas one kind is1MSAS).Oncehastwocomplete wholewo

8、rldguidancesystem(GNSS)work,in -orbitsatellitereaches50-60,wasnotunnecessarytoconstructthesemacrozonalitiestostrengthen is systematic. More is must walk both economizes, and handles matters road ofthe international cooperation.Themilitaryandciviliandualpurposeandpublicandprivatebuildsisthedevelopmen

9、t trend which one kind is noteworthy.1.IttakesmilitaryGPS andGLONASSannouncedsuccessivelyimplementsthemilitaryandciviliandualpurposepolicy.ThemilitarycontrolsGPSandGLONASSannounced successivelyimplementsthemilitaryand civiliandualpurposepolicy,thisaccidentally,thesatellitenavigationalsystemis one ki

10、nd of very good informationresource by no means that its constructions goal lies in uses, only then widely applies, canmanifest its value. Certainly, GPS opens civil is also between the American Department oftransportation and Department of Defense the long-term negotiations achievement, as soonas l

11、ets loose, really the effect is unusual, instead has helped militarys busy, also causes theAmerican national prestige to inspire greatly, and promoted the system technology and theuser receiver technology greatly, only will then have the GPS modernization.2.Galileo emphasizes its pure civil nature,

12、in fact may also for military. What Galileosaid is pure civil, in fact may take in the same old way military, moreover the performanceand a precision spot are unambiguous. Because its service divides into several ranks, somesingle plane pointing accuracy may reach 1m, is the military level completel

13、y.3.Providesinmanykindsofservices,ismostobviousbyPRSmilitary.GalileoProvidesfivekindofservices;first,samefree“ serves (OS)publicly”withtheG PSstandard positioning service; second,“ commercial service (CS)” ; third,“ the safety serves(SoL)” ;fourth,“ the search rescueserves (SAR) ” ; fifth,“ the publ

14、icspecialpermissionserves(PRS) ” .WithOS,CS, SoLcompare,PRS may providea higher-levelprotection,resists to the spatial signal (SIS) attack, the goal is improves the SIS usability probability,the achievement deals with the economical terrorism, malicious or the hostile disturbancecountermeasure measu

15、re, this is the obvious military characteristic.4.Ittakesan itemofnationaltheinformationinfrastructure,civilthis should be anapplication key. The satellite navigational system takes an item of national the informationinfrastructure,should useandmaximumlimitplayits rolefully,particularlythecivil2doma

16、in is extremely broad, take GPS as the example, above 95% is civil.5.The military and the civil signal separates is possibly a wise move. In order to guarantee that military and civilian both sides respective use, should better be general separates with the signal and the civil signal, GPS M-code an

17、d Galileo PRS are separates alone.People musttakeseriouslyto applyequipmentsresearchand developmentand theindustrial production fully, this is system successful important symbol.1.Satellite navigational system construction must carry out the application finally, itis itsstartingpointand the home to

18、return.Usingis the systemconstructionprimarypurpose, therefore system designs starting point must consider for the practical application,mustto applythe equipmentcreationfineprerequisite.The GPS enhancementsystemcomes in handy the same signal, namely the kind of GPS signal, brings conveniently to th

19、euser, actually does not add any burden.2.GPS success lies in its application to be very successful, the GLONASS faulty stroke in handwriting is the application difference. GPS starts using the receiver when onlyone kind, ten years later develops 100 many kinds, at the beginning of 2003 newest stati

20、stics indicated that has achieved 500 many kinds. The GPS receiver and extended thesystem to form a global high-tech industry, very widely is applied the national economy many domains3.Japans success lies in the vehicles guidance to be very successful with other application system, wins in the US. I

21、n satellite navigation application industrial productionaspect, Japanese compared to American even better, particularly in the vehicles guidance and the surface navigation apply in the market, Japan holds the obvious superiorit y, the annual production amounts to several billions US dollars.4.F rom

22、“ Beidou one ” inthe applicationpromotionabsorbs experience.“ Beidou ”star “ Beidou the” constellationbuildsearlyoneselfto complete,userquantityactuallycannotcome up, the primarycause is the user machinecannotfollow,lacksequipmentwhichgoes througha strategicpass comes in handy. In the master planand

23、 the worldintegration owes a duration and degree of cooking.5.Peoplemuststrengthenvigorouslyappliesthe equipmentand systemsresearchdevelopment and the manufacturing. In order to cause the system construction goal to land3on feet, certainly must strengthen vigorously applies the equipment and systems

24、 researchdevelopmentandthemanufacturing,thisaspectispreciselyourcountrysweaklink,should place this work in the primordial consideration position.Withthecorrespondenceandsoon othersystemsfusionandthe seepage, areitsvitality formidable manifestations.1.GPSapplicationsbigdisappointmentislacksthepositio

25、nalinformationthetransmission tool. Enables the satellite navigation with communications systems union tohavebrightprospects,thiswasthemassiveapplicationexamplehadproventhefact,thevehicles supervisory system which developed vigorously in China is most has the typicalsignificancethe modelfor painting

26、. Moreoverthe differentapplication condition andtheenvironment, each kind of wireless communication system has its opportunity2.Most has the prospects for development with communications systems fusion intotheindustrialdomain.The satellitenavigationmosthastheapplicationprospectthedomainmovesthe posi

27、tionservice,particularlywithhoneycombhandsets fusion,this isthe significant theme which American E911 and Europes E112 raises, is the whole worldmosthastheprospectsfordevelopmentcorrespondenceandtheguidancefusiontechnologyand theintegratedservice,istheITprofessionmostpotentialapplicationdomain and t

28、he batch market.3.Japans QZSS (accurate zenith satellitesystem)isthemobilesubscriberprovidesthenew correspondencelocalizationintegrationservice. QZSS is GPS which Japanrecentlyraised(L1,L2andL5)thestarbasestrengthenstheplan,thekeysolutionlocalizationservicesreliabilityandtheusability,particularlyint

29、hedowntownarea andthe mountainous area, mainly serve for the automobile guidance user, also serves for otheraspects all needs user, improvement visibility, usability, constellation geometric figure, aswellasdifferencerevisionservice.Theconstellationisconstitutesbythreebig ellipsegardenorbiter,workin

30、glife12 years.Itprovidesthedifferencerevisionservice,isdifferentwithordinaryWAASandMSAS, hasthebettergeometricfigureandmorefrequencies, the permission direct calculation ionospheric-path error, but does not use theworldmodel,uses theregionrevisiongridchart,butmayalso providethe RTKrevisionservice. I

31、n addition, QZSS has its own system time, can therefore provide a better service.Ifallsmooth,in2008QZSSthenmayprovidethelocalizationand the correspondence4(imageVIDEO,soundanddatabroadcasting)integratestheservice,becomes thenewgeneration GPS space enhancement system.4.Satellitenavigationalsystemappl

32、icationseepedtomanyindustrialdomain.Satellite navigational systems application entered the national economy land, sea and airday eachdomain,particularly(inthe monitoringandtheguidanceholdstheimportantposition in the vehicles and the artificial main bodys mobile target. In recent years, it withmobile

33、phonesunion,thevehicles informationsystemwhichas wellas willwieldgreatpower with great arrogance and movesthe positiontoserve(LBS)tohavethemajorimpact on the IT profession development.In the system system design must strengthenenvironmentDuanZheileifullythesystem software constituent.1.Satellitenavi

34、gationalsystemkeycomponent theenvironmentsectionis a majorproblem from beginning to end. The satellite navigational system proposed that then meetsthe environmentquestion,GPSL1and the L2 dual-frequencychoiceistosolvetheionospheric-path errorproblem, alongwithsystems operationtime passageand technica

35、lunceasingprogress, as wellasapplicationdaybydaywidespread,theenvironmentsections work becomes more and more is more important.2.Galileosystemcomposition,environmentDuanYukongthecompartment,theground section and the user section places on a par. The Galileo system raised officially inthe recent year

36、s the environment section, included systems key component, and has donethe massivework,thedevelopmentatmospheremodel studyand theeffectsimulation,carriedonthetransnationalelectricwavetestcombinedaction,implementedresearchprojects and so on ionized layer model.3.Turning“ four bigsections”from“ thethi

37、rdchildsection”isnotonly the changeformally. Originally the GPS spatial compartment, the ground section and the user section,so-called“ the third child section” on will add on the environment section especially, willpromote for the system composition four big sections, because the practice will prov

38、e theenvironment section the importance, moreover the question will be getting more and moreprominent, it will involve to the ionized layer, the troposphere, the wave interference andthe multi-diameter effect and so on a series of questions. These questions possibly duringsolutionsystemownquestion,a

39、lsohasdevelopedsatellitenavigationalsystems5application greatly, like GPS meteorology and spatial weather and forecast and so on.4.The environment section is satellite navigational system software in the true sense.In a sense, satellite navigational system question, what but environment section disp

40、lay the good hardware function, excavation potential and develops the“ third child section ”soluti on systems hardware solution is systems software question, how torealizessatisfactionapplicationservice,thenewapplication,moremustd ependuponthesoftware“ the environment section”.System designs key to

41、success is the duty demand, the users needs, market demandrecognizing.1.Thesatellitenavigationfirstshouldbeclearaboutsatellitenavigationalsystemsbasic task and the request system shouldregardasthe nationalfoundationinformationfacilityandthe safety equipment, stoodinthisknowsthe question highly,the m

42、atterareeasy to do many. The militarydisbursesmoney,militaryandciviliandualpurpose,public-private jointly operation, long-term operation.2.Marketsand users requestand needs to be establishessystems primarypurposeand thepower.Becauseisthemilitaryandciviliandualpurposesystem,itsdemandbreadth much, its

43、 performance requirement is much higher, must carry on the widespreadinvestigationandstudy,cantracetrulytousers pulse, can after the system completesachieves the good economic efficiency and the social efficiency.3.The demandis a solid more than simulation investigation and study process. Thedemandi

44、nvestigationand studyshouldby manyandvariedwaysinthearmed forcesintrinsicfolk, launchin the different domainmulti-levelmulti-simulation, certainlymusthave qualitativeandthequotadual analyses,aswellaslongshortandmediumtermapplicationmarketforecastandbenefitanalysis.Comprehensiveauthenticationallappli

45、cations and the service, and produce economy and social efficiency.4.Compareedwithothersystems,designsthesystemshouldhavetheobviouscharacteristic and the interoperability. The system must have own characteristic, only thenpossibly has the vitality, certainly must have the interoperability, can maxim

46、um limit playits role. (5) market predict that academic and laws and regulations, as wellas related riskand limitationanalyticalstudy.Tohas theproblemthe analysistoenablethe system toavoid the subversive risk, can the few money, the multi-managements.61.GPS 得到廣泛應(yīng)用，但仍存在不足。GPS 已成為全球性的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，成為一種信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

47、，正逐步進(jìn)入人們的日常生活。存在的不足是十分明顯的，它是個(gè)軍方控制的系統(tǒng)，不可能在任何時(shí)候任何地點(diǎn)保證民用；在鬧市、密林，或有遮擋和環(huán)境惡劣的情況下，其可用性受到限制；單系統(tǒng)本身就存在著局限性，不可能確保任何應(yīng)用。2.GLONASS 備受關(guān)注，卻令人失望。GLONASS一度給人們以很樂(lè)觀的情景，現(xiàn)實(shí)又如此無(wú)情，經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)的雙重原因，使它只能殘缺不全地工作，今僅有不足十顆星工作，且很不穩(wěn)定。3.Galileo先聲奪人，與GPS 組合應(yīng)用為總體思路。Galileo計(jì)劃高舉的純民用旗幟，給人一個(gè)放心和安全感。而且它公開(kāi)宣布與GPS兼容互動(dòng)，更增強(qiáng)了其吸引力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，以及服務(wù)保證承諾。豐富多彩的服務(wù)可

48、滿足不同檔次和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的需求。4. 多系統(tǒng)組合并非多多益善，應(yīng)用設(shè)備做到適可而止。多年后，可能有多個(gè)衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)在天空運(yùn)行，是不是多多益善，一是沒(méi)有必要，二是應(yīng)用接收機(jī)不能做得太復(fù)雜，不然會(huì)大幅增加成本，無(wú)法大批量推廣，三是接收到的衛(wèi)星數(shù)達(dá)到一定數(shù)目后，衛(wèi)星信號(hào)再多也不( 會(huì)帶來(lái)明顯好處。一般有雙系統(tǒng)足矣。5. 增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)層出不窮，最終出路是多系統(tǒng)的組合?，F(xiàn)在各種各樣的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)層出不窮，僅以廣域增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)而言，就有美國(guó)的WAAS,歐洲的EGNOS，中國(guó)的CWAAS，日本的QZSS(還有一種為MSAS)。一旦有兩個(gè)完整的全球?qū)Ш较到y(tǒng)(GNSS) 工作，在軌衛(wèi)星達(dá)50-60個(gè)，就沒(méi)有必要去建設(shè)

49、那些廣域增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)了。更多地是要走既省錢(qián)，又辦事的國(guó)際合作之路。軍民兩用和公私共建是一種值得注意的發(fā)展動(dòng)向。1. 作為軍用的GPS 與 GLONASS先后宣布實(shí)施軍民兩用政策。軍方控制的GPS 與GLONASS先后宣布實(shí)施軍民兩用政策，這并非偶然，衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是一種非常好的信息資源，其建設(shè)的目的就在于用，只有廣泛應(yīng)用，才能體現(xiàn)其價(jià)值。當(dāng)然，GPS 開(kāi)放民用也是美國(guó)運(yùn)輸部和國(guó)防部之間長(zhǎng)期談判的成果，一放開(kāi)，果然效果非常，反而幫了軍方的忙，也使美國(guó)國(guó)威大振，并大大促進(jìn)了系統(tǒng)技術(shù)和用戶接收機(jī)技術(shù)，才會(huì)有GPS的現(xiàn)代化。2.Galileo強(qiáng)調(diào)其純民用性質(zhì)，實(shí)際上也可為軍用。Galileo說(shuō)的是純民用，實(shí)際上照樣可以