被動語態(tài)用法詳解

1、The Passive Voice 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：示主語是動作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動主動) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動被動) 漢語中常用漢語中常用“被被”、“給給”、“由由”、“受受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：等詞用來表示被動，而英語用： 構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 She wa

2、ters the flowers every day.The flowersWhat does she do every day?every day.are watered by her主動句與被動句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 We bought some books. 主語 謂語動詞主動語態(tài)的過去式 賓語 Some books were bought ( by us ) 主語 謂語動詞被動語態(tài)的過去分詞 介詞+ 賓語 My mother sweeps the floor every day.The floor is swept by my mother every day.jacketThe jacket

3、is used for keeping warm.The jacket is made in Guangzhou.Guangzhoukeeping warmsummary 英語中動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)英語中動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者受者, 在被動語態(tài)中動作的執(zhí)行者有時在被動語態(tài)中動作的執(zhí)行者有時用用by短語表示出來短語表示出來.一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時(simple present)：S(主語主語)+am/is/are +過去分詞過去分詞(done)一般過去時一

4、般過去時(simple past)：S+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞(done) Ann can take good care of the cats The cats can be taken good care of by Ann.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞(model verb)： S+ can/must/should等情態(tài)動詞等情態(tài)動詞 + be+過去分詞過去分詞 主要體現(xiàn)在主要體現(xiàn)在bebe的變化上，其形式與系動詞的變化上，其形式與系動詞bebe的變化形式完全的變化形式完全一樣。以一樣。以 為例，列表如下：為例，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： 一般過去時：一般過去時： 一般將來時

5、：一般將來時： 含有情態(tài)動詞含有情態(tài)動詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： 過去進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時： 現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： 過去完成時：過去完成時： 將來完成時：將來完成時： 過去將來完成時：過去將來完成時： am / is / are + done am / is / are + done was / were + was / were + done shall / will + be shall / will + be done should / would + be should / would + be done am / is / are + being + am / is / are

6、+ being + done was / were + being + was / were + being + done have / has + been + have / has + been + done had + been + had + been + done shall / will + have been + shall / will + have been + done should / would + have been + should / would + have been + done 主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳渌裱?個步驟：1 把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。2 把

7、動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e +過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。3 原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。4 其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。被動語態(tài)的幾種句型1 肯定句 主語 + be + 過去分詞 + (by)A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.2 否定句 主語 + be + not +過去分詞 + (by)3 一般疑問句 Be + 主語 +過去分詞 + (by) A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.Was a swe

8、et song sung by her on the stage?4 特殊疑問句 疑問詞 + be + 主語 +過去分詞 + (by)Where was a sweet song sung by her? 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. (2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般過去時：一般過去時： (1)They agreed on the building of a new

9、car factory last month. (2)The students didnt forget his lessons easily. 3. 一般將來時：一般將來時： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. 4. 過去將來時：過去將來時： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they

10、would mend the car as soon as possible. 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： (1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. (2) We are painting the rooms. 6. 過去進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時： (1)The workers were mending the road. (2)This time last year we were planting trees here. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： (1)Someone has told me (2)He has brought his

11、book here. 8. 過去完成時：過去完成時： (1)When I got to the theatre, I found (2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; ( (四）四） 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ be+ 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 (1)You must hand in your compositions after class. (2)He can write a great

12、 many letters with the computer. 1.1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用往往不用by 短語。短語。 2.2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。短語。 3.3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用這時常用in + + 名詞作狀語，而代替名詞作狀語，而代替 by 短語。短語。 （1） My aunt invit

13、ed me to her dinner party. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1. 1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)

14、要與新主語保持一致。保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯誤錯誤) 2. 2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。為主語，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I w

15、as given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語如果把直接賓語( (指物指物) )改為主語，則在間接賓語改為主語，則在間接賓語( (指人指人) )前加適前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說： A present was given to me yesterday. 一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞詞 toto，如：如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。等。 (1)

16、 The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 forfor, , 如：如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me. (2) The meat was cooked for us. (3) Some country mu

17、sic was played for us. 3. 由動詞由動詞+ + 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：詞有： agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。等。 bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out,

18、pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。等。 4. 4. 帶復(fù)合賓語帶復(fù)合賓語( (賓語賓語+ + 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) )的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：語動詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. (2) She told

19、us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也這時不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to 的問題。的問題。 We often hear him play the guitar

20、. He is often heard to play the guitar. 5. 當(dāng)主動句的主語是當(dāng)主動句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)榱x的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：如： Nobody can answer this question. 誤：誤：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：正： 6. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, any

21、one等不定等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)榇~時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 誤：誤：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：正：7. 以以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放放在句首：在句首： Who wrote the story? 誤：誤

22、：Who was the story written? 正：正： 8. 有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。等。如：如： (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。 (2)The new product sells w

23、ell. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 對比：對比： The books sell well. (主動句主動句) The books were sold out. (被動句被動句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動句主動句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被動句被動句) 第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 誤：誤：It is felt very soft. (2)The food tastes delicious. 誤：誤：The food is tasted delicious. (3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 誤：誤：The pop music is sounded bea