大課文 language point

1、annual : adj. 作定語作定語:每年的每年的;一年一次的一年一次的 n. 年刊年刊; 年鑒年鑒; 一年生植物一年生植物 Im playing in the annual school concert next friday. 下周五我將在學(xué)校一年一度下周五我將在學(xué)校一年一度的音樂會(huì)上演出。的音樂會(huì)上演出。He has six weeks annual leave. 他一年有六個(gè)星期的休假。他一年有六個(gè)星期的休假。Birthday is an annual event. 生日是一年一次的事。生日是一年一次的事。Corn is one of an annual.Language poin

2、tsadv. annually 年年地，年年地， 每年地每年地an annual income 年收入年收入 an annual report 年度報(bào)年度報(bào)告告將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。1)1)為加深理解，我們?cè)敢馀c國外友人交為加深理解，我們?cè)敢馀c國外友人交換學(xué)校年鑒。換學(xué)校年鑒。2) 2) 工人們的年收入增加了工人們的年收入增加了250250元。元。To have a better understanding, we would like to exchange the school annual with the foreign friends.The wage of w

3、orkers makes an annual increase of 250 yuan this year.2. witnessVt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到; 目擊目擊; 見證見證Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年來人們的社會(huì)流動(dòng)性越近年來人們的社會(huì)流動(dòng)性越來越大。來越大。Did anyone witness the robbery? witness an accident, a murder, a quarrel vi. 作證人作證人: witness to sth/doing sthHe witnessed to

4、having seen the man enter the building. n. 目擊者目擊者, 證人證人 be (a) witness to sth 目擊，看見目擊，看見(某事發(fā)生某事發(fā)生), 證證明明 bear / give witness to sth 為為作證，證明作證，證明He has been (a) witness to a terrible murder. 他目擊了一起殘忍的兇殺事件。他目擊了一起殘忍的兇殺事件。Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. 警方呼吁這起事故的目擊者出來作證。警方呼吁這起事故的目擊者出

5、來作證。His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. The girl was shocked by the violent scenes she had _.A. happened B. lookedC. witnessed D. viewed【解析解析】C 本題考查詞語辨析。句意為：本題考查詞語辨析。句意為：這個(gè)女孩被她親眼目睹的暴力場(chǎng)面驚這個(gè)女孩被她親眼目睹的暴力場(chǎng)面驚呆了。呆了。witness意為意為“目擊目擊, 見證見證”，符，符合語境。合語境。沒有人能證明他在場(chǎng)。沒有人能證明他在場(chǎng)。2) 2) 這些事實(shí)證

6、明了他的粗心。這些事實(shí)證明了他的粗心。3) 3) 她替被告作證。她替被告作證。將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。None could witness that he was present. These facts are a witness to his carelessness. She gave witness on behalf of the accused person. 3. On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud no

7、ise coming from the bay. 在我到達(dá)捕鯨場(chǎng)的那個(gè)下午在我到達(dá)捕鯨場(chǎng)的那個(gè)下午, 正當(dāng)正當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備膳宿時(shí)我準(zhǔn)備膳宿時(shí), 我聽到一聲巨響從海我聽到一聲巨響從海灣傳來。灣傳來。 1) as 強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 從句表示從句表示“隨時(shí)間推隨時(shí)間推移移”連詞能用連詞能用as, 不用不用when 或或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天過去日子一天天過去, 天氣越變?cè)綁?。天氣越變?cè)綁摹s, when和和while 2) when 可表示瞬間、時(shí)間

8、段，主從句可表示瞬間、時(shí)間段，主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。當(dāng)從動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3) as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 4) while 用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩個(gè)延續(xù)

9、性用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作相伴發(fā)生動(dòng)作相伴發(fā)生, 常對(duì)同類動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)常對(duì)同類動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比。比。 _ you have finished your work, you may have a rest. _ I stopped my car, a man came up to me. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. _ was walking down the street, I met an old friend.When When ( As) AsWhen (while) sort out sort out 分類分類, ,整理整理; ;整

10、頓整頓, ,解決解決( (問題問題/ /困困難難) )1)1)Sort out things you want to Sort out things you want to keep and throw everything else keep and throw everything else away.away.2)2)We must sort out the good We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.apples from the bad ones.3)Have you sorted out how to get th

11、ere yet?將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。1) 他從相片中挑出自己的，并把它們放到相冊(cè)中。他從相片中挑出自己的，并把它們放到相冊(cè)中。2) 放學(xué)了，把書本收好。放學(xué)了，把書本收好。3) 他在整理桌上的一堆文件。他在整理桌上的一堆文件。 He sorted his own photos out from others and kept them in a album. After school, put away your books. He was sorting through a pile of papers on his desk accommodation 住所；膳宿（

12、常用復(fù)數(shù)）住所；膳宿（常用復(fù)數(shù)）accommodate v. accommodating adj. accommodator n. accommodation addressaccommodation allowance為為提供住宿提供住宿樂于助人的樂于助人的調(diào)節(jié)者調(diào)節(jié)者臨時(shí)通訊處臨時(shí)通訊處膳宿津貼膳宿津貼 The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London 由于住宿費(fèi)用昂貴，倫敦的學(xué)生感到由于住宿費(fèi)用昂貴，倫敦的學(xué)生感到生活困難。生活困難。 The university offers excel

13、lent accommodation for summer visitors 這所大學(xué)為夏季來訪者提供了很好的這所大學(xué)為夏季來訪者提供了很好的住宿。住宿。將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。 我們今晚能找到旅館住宿嗎我們今晚能找到旅館住宿嗎? ?2) 2) 這間旅館可以容納這間旅館可以容納500500多人住多人住宿。宿。Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight? This hotel can accommodate more than 500 guests. 4. We ran down to the shore in time

14、 to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 我們及時(shí)趕到岸邊我們及時(shí)趕到岸邊, 看到對(duì)面一個(gè)看到對(duì)面一個(gè)龐大的動(dòng)物猛力躍出水面龐大的動(dòng)物猛力躍出水面, 然后又墜然后又墜落到水面。落到水面。 oppositeopposite adj. adj. 1. 1. 相反的相反的, ,對(duì)立的對(duì)立的(+to)(+to)They have opposite views on the question. 在這個(gè)問題上他們持相反的觀點(diǎn)。在這個(gè)問題上他們持相

15、反的觀點(diǎn)。 2. 2. 對(duì)面的對(duì)面的(+to)(+to)His store is opposite to mine. 他的店在我的對(duì)面。他的店在我的對(duì)面。 There was a garden on the opposite side of the street. n. n. 對(duì)立面對(duì)立面; ;對(duì)立物對(duì)立物My view is the very opposite My view is the very opposite of his. of his. 我的看法正好于他相反。我的看法正好于他相反。 Black is the opposite of white. Black is the oppo

16、site of white. 黑色的相反是白色。黑色的相反是白色。 4. prep. 4. prep. 在在.對(duì)面對(duì)面 The post office is opposite The post office is opposite the bank. the bank. 郵局在銀行對(duì)面。郵局在銀行對(duì)面。 1) 我們住的旅館對(duì)面是一個(gè)大超市我們住的旅館對(duì)面是一個(gè)大超市。We stayed in a hotel opposite a large supermarket.2)他誠實(shí)努力，但他的雙胞胎兄弟卻完他誠實(shí)努力，但他的雙胞胎兄弟卻完全相反。全相反。He is honest and hardwo

17、rking, but his twin brother is the complete opposite.opposition:n. 反對(duì)反對(duì)(to sb./sth), 敵手?jǐn)呈謎n opposition to sb./sth. 反對(duì)反對(duì)/抵制抵制將下列句子翻譯成英語。將下列句子翻譯成英語。I thought the medicine I thought the medicine would make him sleep, would make him sleep, but it had the _effect.but it had the _effect.better B. effectiv

18、ebetter B. effectiveC. opposite D. baseC. opposite D. base與與throw相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語： throw cold water on 潑冷水潑冷水 throw off 擺脫擺脫 throw away 浪費(fèi)，扔掉浪費(fèi)，扔掉 throw down 打倒，推翻打倒，推翻 throw up 嘔吐嘔吐throw oneself out of 躍躍出出throw oneself at 沖向沖向 throw oneself into 投身手；積極從事投身手；積極從事throw sb into prison 把某人投入監(jiān)獄把某人投入監(jiān)獄 throw

19、 at 對(duì)準(zhǔn)向?qū)?zhǔn)向扔去扔去(希望擊中希望擊中)；throw out 伸出伸出休息了一會(huì)后，他重新投入了救援工作。休息了一會(huì)后，他重新投入了救援工作。After a short rest, he threw himself into rescuing again. throw off , throw out , throw away, throw down, throw up The little girl _ her hands to hug her mother .2) Tom cant _his cold .3) He drank a lot , and he _ on his way

20、home .4) As a young man , he _ much money .5) He _ the young man and ran away.threw out throw off threw up threw awaythrew down 與與out of 相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語： out of breath 上氣不接下氣上氣不接下氣 out of date 過時(shí)的過時(shí)的 out of control 失控失控 out of question 可能的可能的 out of the question 不可能的不可能的 out of repair 失修失修 5. Another wh

21、aler yelled out,.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 2) 叫聲叫聲, 喊聲喊聲 She yelled with surprise when she saw the present. Father yelled at his son for his poor records. He yelled out orders at everyone.yell v.& n. 叫喊叫喊 The crowd let out/gave a yell of delight. be goi

22、ng to 表示打算或計(jì)劃做某事或根表示打算或計(jì)劃做某事或根據(jù)某種據(jù)某種跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事。be about to 表示表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為，意為“正要正要, 即將即將”, 不與具體的表將來時(shí)間的不與具體的表將來時(shí)間的副詞或副詞性短語連用副詞或副詞性短語連用辨析辨析: be going to, be to do,will do和和be about be to do表示表示預(yù)先安排好的預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。計(jì)劃或約定。 will do 表表不是事先經(jīng)過考慮不是事先經(jīng)過考慮的將來動(dòng)作的將來動(dòng)作Example: I was just about _ road

23、 _ a ship came to us. A. traveling on; while B. to travel on; while C. traveling by; when D. to travel by; when Dont go out now, we _ have supper. The wind went down toward sunset. It _ be fine tomorrow. The Queen _ visit Beijing next year. His sister is 13 years old, and she _ be 14 years old next

24、year.are about tois going to is to will 8. “Come on, Clancy. To the boat”, George said as he ran ahead of e on（祈使句，表示勸說，激勵(lì)，（祈使句，表示勸說，激勵(lì)，不耐煩，催促）不耐煩，催促）來吧，趕快，得了吧來吧，趕快，得了吧(1)Come on, we will be late for the (1)Come on, we will be late for the film.film.(2)-I(2)-Ill take at least two hours to ll take at

25、 least two hours to do this.do this. -Oh, come on. I could do it in -Oh, come on. I could do it in 20 minutes!20 minutes!(3)Come on, someone must know (3)Come on, someone must know it.it.-Im dead tired. I cant walk any farther, Jenny.-_, Tommy, you can do it.A. No problem B. No hurryC. Come on D. Th

26、ats e on come on 跟著來跟著來, ,開始開始, ,出臺(tái)出臺(tái), ,上演上演Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on. 在暴風(fēng)雨即將在暴風(fēng)雨即將來臨來臨的時(shí)候去放風(fēng)箏。的時(shí)候去放風(fēng)箏。This play is coming on again next month. 這出戲下月又要上演了。這出戲下月又要上演了。Youd better go now, and Ill come on later. 你最好現(xiàn)在就去你最好現(xiàn)在就去, ,我隨后就來。我隨后就來。與與come相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語：come about 發(fā)生

27、發(fā)生come across 偶然遇見偶然遇見come out 出版出版come through 經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷.仍活著仍活著,安然渡過安然渡過come to 總計(jì)總計(jì)come up 被提出；長出地面被提出；長出地面come up with 提出提出come about , come through, come out , comeup, come to , come across The cost of the journey _ 3000 yuan. How did the accident _ ? When will the book _ ? I _ my teacher in the stre

28、et yesterday . The seeds havent _ yet .1)The old man _ the World War I.comes to come aboutcome outcame across come upcame throughahead adv. 向前向前, 在前在前;處于處于領(lǐng)先地位領(lǐng)先地位The way ahead was blocked by fallen trees. 前面的公路被拿下的樹擋住了。前面的公路被拿下的樹擋住了?！就卣寡由焱卣寡由臁縜head of 在在的前面的前面, 優(yōu)于優(yōu)于be ahead of 比比好好get ahead 前進(jìn)，搶先前進(jìn)

29、，搶先 go ahead 上前，前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步上前，前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步 He ran ahead.他跑在前頭。他跑在前頭。【典型例題典型例題】They are required to finish their task_.A. go ahead B. ahead of time C. get ahead of time D. in front of time【答案答案】B 考查考查ahead短語短語【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】按照句意：要求他們提前完成按照句意：要求他們提前完成任務(wù)。任務(wù)。ahead of time符合符合7. . George didnt like being kept waiting, so even

30、 though I didnt have the right clothes on, I raced after him. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) being kept waiting是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式短語的被動(dòng)式短語的被動(dòng)式, 在句中作在句中作like的賓語。的賓語?？祭祭?At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007全國卷II) A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened

31、and closed D. to open and close 8. I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way.我低頭朝水中看去，看到老湯姆正在船邊我低頭朝水中看去，看到老湯姆正在船邊游著，為我們引路。游著，為我們引路。 swimming by the boat 在句中作賓語在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語Old Tom 存在邏輯上的存在邏輯上的主謂頭系。主謂頭系。 I saw Jack crossing the street. 我看見杰克正在穿

32、過街道。我看見杰克正在穿過街道。 9. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again. 點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 此句也是由此句也是由“主語主語+ so引導(dǎo)的結(jié)引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句果狀語從句”構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句, 且這個(gè)且這個(gè)從句是由從句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成; 第第二個(gè)分句中的二個(gè)分句中的

33、circling . 和和leading .為動(dòng)為動(dòng)詞詞-ing形式短語作第二個(gè)分句的伴隨狀語。形式短語作第二個(gè)分句的伴隨狀語。10. And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea,flee (fled, fled) vi. 逃走逃走, 逃跑逃跑, 消失消失, (時(shí)間時(shí)間等的等的) 飛逝飛逝派生詞派生詞 flight n.逃走；逃跑逃走；逃跑【常用搭配常用搭配】flee from 從從逃走逃走flee to 逃到逃到flee away/past (時(shí)間等時(shí)間等)飛逝，消失飛逝，消失詞語辨析詞語辨析 flee, esc

34、ape(1) flee ut. & ui. 指指“逃走逃走, 逃避逃避 ”,多指動(dòng)作。如：多指動(dòng)作。如：He fled (from) the country. 他逃出了那個(gè)國家。他逃出了那個(gè)國家。(2) escape 指指“逃離或避開即將來臨或近逃離或避開即將來臨或近前的傷害、危險(xiǎn)、災(zāi)禍等前的傷害、危險(xiǎn)、災(zāi)禍等”；有時(shí)其；有時(shí)其后也可接動(dòng)名詞，表示后也可接動(dòng)名詞，表示“躲避做某躲避做某事事”。如：。如： He escaped being drowned by using a life-buoy. 因?yàn)橛芯壬Γ艣]有被淹死。因?yàn)橛芯壬?，他才沒有被淹死。練習(xí)練習(xí) 1. Luckily

35、, the cat _ being caught. A. escaped B. tried C. overcame D. managed2. A ware of being surrounded, the enemy _ in disorder.A. cried B. fled C. fought D. walked 11. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 辨析辨析: wound, injury, hurt, harm與與damage wound 是戰(zhàn)斗中刀槍的創(chuàng)傷、傷口是戰(zhàn)斗中刀槍的創(chuàng)傷、傷口 His brother was wounded

36、 in that battle. injury 是平時(shí)的大小創(chuàng)傷和傷害是平時(shí)的大小創(chuàng)傷和傷害 He got serious injuries to the legs at work . He got his finger injured .大家注意了！hurt 是指精神上的傷害和肉體的傷痛。是指精神上的傷害和肉體的傷痛。 The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.harm 指使有生命或者無生命的東西不指使有生命或者無生命的東西不再完整、美麗再完整、美麗, 或者具有原來的價(jià)值?；蛘呔哂性瓉淼膬r(jià)值。 Smo

37、king a lot of cigarettes can harm and even kill over a long period of time. damage “車輛、船只、房屋車輛、船只、房屋”等的損等的損壞。壞。 The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall . This storm did great harm / damage to the crops.12. bring in “收收(莊稼莊稼);引進(jìn)引進(jìn);掙得掙得(錢錢)” (1)He brings in a wage of 1000 yuan a month.(2)Our co

38、untry has brought in a lot of advanced technology . 我們國家引進(jìn)許多我們國家引進(jìn)許多先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù). bring out bring up bring about 使使(意義等意義等)明白表示出來明白表示出來,生產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)吐出吐出(vt); 撫養(yǎng)撫養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育養(yǎng)育帶來帶來,造成造成bring in , bring out , bring up ,bring about What _ his illness ? Please _ the meaning of the passage .3) Henry _ by his uncle .4)

39、 When he was young , he began to sell goods, which made him _ a lot of money .brought about bring out was brought up bring in 這是一個(gè)這是一個(gè)it作形式主語的句子，真作形式主語的句子，真正的主語是不定式正的主語是不定式to handle the boat。在用不定式、動(dòng)名詞從句作主語的句在用不定式、動(dòng)名詞從句作主語的句子里，通常用子里，通常用it作形式主語，而把真正作形式主語，而把真正的主語后置以避免頭重腳輕。這樣的的主語后置以避免頭重腳輕。這樣的句式通常有：句式通常有

40、：13. it was difficult to handle the boat. 劃船很困難。劃船很困難。It（形式主語）（形式主語）+v. It is + adj. to + v.that（主語）（主語）+ v.wh- 等詞（主語）等詞（主語）+ v.ofsb. to do sth.for seems (好像好像)It + appears (看上去看上去) + that (主語主語+v.) happens (碰巧碰巧)It is no use v.ing 做做沒有用沒有用It is said (reported) that 據(jù)說，據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)說，據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that 人

41、們相信人們相信It is thought that 人們認(rèn)為人們認(rèn)為It has been proved that 事實(shí)證明事實(shí)證明It is well-known that 眾所周知眾所周知14. abandon【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】 vt. 離開而不返回離開而不返回, 遺遺棄，拋棄，放棄棄，拋棄，放棄The match was abandoned because of bad weather. 比賽因惡劣的天氣而取消。比賽因惡劣的天氣而取消?！就卣寡由焱卣寡由臁縜bandon oneself 完全屈從于完全屈從于abandonment n. 遺棄遺棄, 離棄離棄, 拋棄，拋棄，abandon

42、 n.放肆，任性放肆，任性abandoner n.放棄者，遺棄者，投保者放棄者，遺棄者，投保者abandonee n.承保人，被遺棄者承保人，被遺棄者abandoned adj.被遺棄的被遺棄的,自暴自棄的自暴自棄的,無無恥的恥的abandonment n. 放棄放棄, 放肆放肆【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】辨析辨析abandon, desert, give upabandon 強(qiáng)調(diào)永遠(yuǎn)或完全放棄人或事物強(qiáng)調(diào)永遠(yuǎn)或完全放棄人或事物等；可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的；等；可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的；desert 著重指違背法律責(zé)任和義務(wù)或著重指違背法律責(zé)任和義務(wù)或自己的信仰與誓言的行為，多含非難的自己的信仰與誓言

43、的行為，多含非難的意味；意味；give up 普通用語，側(cè)重指沒有希望，普通用語，側(cè)重指沒有希望，或因?yàn)橥饨鐗毫Χ艞壔蛞驗(yàn)橥饨鐗毫Χ艞塈ts foolish of him to give up without trying.根據(jù)括號(hào)里所給的漢語補(bǔ)全句子根據(jù)括號(hào)里所給的漢語補(bǔ)全句子1)Afterthevictory，thesoldierssanganddanced_(縱情地).2)(這項(xiàng)方案的放棄)_resultedfromlackofenoughmoney.3)DuringtheSecondWorldWar，millionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld_(離棄家園)

44、4)_(不要悲觀失望)thoughingreatdifficulty.with abandon The abandon of the projectabandoned their homes.Do not abandon yourself to despair【典型例題典型例題】As time goes on, fewer and fewer old men are _ in the countryside.A. abandon B. to abandon C. abandoning D. being abandoned【答案答案】D 考查考查abandon的用法的用法【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】此處老人和遺

45、棄的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)此處老人和遺棄的關(guān)系為被動(dòng) 15. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. 翻譯翻譯 我們花了半個(gè)小時(shí)才把船調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)過我們花了半個(gè)小時(shí)才把船調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)過來來, 回到詹姆斯落水的地方。當(dāng)我們靠回到詹姆斯落水的地方。當(dāng)我們靠近他的時(shí)候近他的時(shí)候, 我看到老湯姆正在水中托我看到老湯姆正在水中托著詹姆斯。著詹姆斯。點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥 該句是由該句是由and連接的兩個(gè)

46、并列分句連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。第一個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)構(gòu)成。第一個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)“It takes / took (sb.) + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 + to do sth.”句型句型；第二個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)第二個(gè)分句包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句中的語從句，主句中的being held up為動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式，和形式的被動(dòng)式，和James一起構(gòu)成一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語。help out 幫助幫助（擺脫困難或危難）；（擺脫困難或危難）；協(xié)助；使協(xié)助；使脫離困境脫離困境 help sb with sth幫助某人做某事幫助某人做某事 with the help of在在

47、.的幫助下的幫助下, 借助借助 help oneself to請(qǐng)隨便自己動(dòng)手請(qǐng)隨便自己動(dòng)手(夾菜夾菜吃、用吃、用等等) cant help doing sth禁不住禁不住 cant help but do sth只得；不得不只得；不得不【典例典例】1) Can you help me out with the maths problem? 你能幫我解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎你能幫我解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎?2) Please help yourself to some fish隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。3) She cant help laughing她忍不住她忍不住大笑起來。大笑起來。4) I cant hel

48、p but wait我只得等。我只得等。翻譯句子翻譯句子1)在老師和同學(xué)們的幫助下，小明終于擺脫了愛打電子游戲的習(xí)慣。2)地震中，許多家長不得不眼睜睜地看著他們的孩子埋在廢墟中。With the help of the teacher and his classmates, xiaoming managed to help himself out of his problem with computer ames.In the earthquake, many parents couldnt help but leave their children in the ruin重點(diǎn)句子重點(diǎn)句子（1

49、）It was a time when the killer whales, or“killers”as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨(那時(shí)被稱為那時(shí)被稱為“殺手殺手”)幫幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。It was/is a time when 曾經(jīng)一度（那時(shí)）曾經(jīng)一度（那時(shí)）It was a time when motorcars were rare

50、. 那是汽車很罕見的時(shí)代。那是汽車很罕見的時(shí)代。2) It was a time when she could not bear the pain and wanted to kill herself.知識(shí)運(yùn)用知識(shí)運(yùn)用(1)We are living at a time_machines do work which men used to do. Awhen Bthat Cwhile Das答案：A本題題意：我們正生活在機(jī)器做著本來由人做的工作的時(shí)代。當(dāng)先行詞為a time時(shí)，定語從句通常采用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。(2)This is the first time in his life_he

51、 has climbed Mount Tai. Athat Bwhen Cas Dwhich答案：A本題題意：這是他有生以來第一次登泰山。當(dāng)先行詞為the first time, the last time等時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that而不用when。練習(xí)練習(xí)（1）曾經(jīng)沒人能理解我的計(jì)劃和雄心。（2）現(xiàn)在這一社區(qū)的人們相互幫助，和諧相處。It was a time when no one could understand my plan and ambition.It is a time when people in the community would like to help each

52、 other and live harmoniously. （2）Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic！我坐在溫暖的夜風(fēng)中，手持一杯冷飲！我坐在溫暖的夜風(fēng)中，手持一杯冷飲回憶著這一天回憶著這一天這奇妙至極的一天！這奇妙至極的一天！【解析】with a cold drink in my hand 是一個(gè)是一個(gè)“with賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本句式的結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本句式如下：如下：with賓語介詞短語賓語介詞

53、短語with賓語形容詞賓語形容詞/副詞副詞with賓語非謂語動(dòng)詞賓語非謂語動(dòng)詞此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨等，也可以作定語。等，也可以作定語。He likes to sleep with the windows open.(形容詞作形容詞作賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ))他喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。他喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。With her son away from home，she was worried.(副詞短語作賓補(bǔ)副詞短語作賓補(bǔ))由于她的兒子離家出走，由于她的兒子離家出走，所以她很擔(dān)心。所以她很擔(dān)心。She came in with a baby in he

54、r arms.(介詞短語作賓介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ))她抱著孩子進(jìn)來了。她抱著孩子進(jìn)來了。With the problem settled，we went on smoothly. (過去過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)分詞作賓補(bǔ))由于問題得到解決，我們進(jìn)展順利。由于問題得到解決，我們進(jìn)展順利。With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓補(bǔ))由于當(dāng)?shù)叵驅(qū)罚覀兒苋萦捎诋?dāng)?shù)叵驅(qū)?，我們很容易到了那兒。易到了那兒。With her husband to help her，she worked it out. (不不定

55、式作賓補(bǔ)定式作賓補(bǔ))由于她丈夫幫助她，她解決了這個(gè)問題由于她丈夫幫助她，她解決了這個(gè)問題。練習(xí)練習(xí)1 1）我睡覺時(shí)喜歡開著窗。）我睡覺時(shí)喜歡開著窗。2 2）媽媽講著故事，小孩很快就睡著了。）媽媽講著故事，小孩很快就睡著了。 With her mother telling stories, the child could fall asleep soon. I like to sleep with the window open.I. 根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示或漢語提示, 寫出各單詞的正確形式。寫出各單詞的正確形式。1. The past few years have w_ great changes throughout China.2. Travel and hotel a_ will be very expensive in this city during the Olympic Games.itnessedccommodations 3. The childre