現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件00657學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在(xinzi)完成時(shí)課件完成時(shí)課件00657第一頁，共40頁。一、構(gòu)成(guchng):have/has+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(dngc)過過去分詞去分詞第1頁/共40頁第二頁，共40頁。二、含義(hny):(定義一)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.它強(qiáng)調(diào)(qing dio)的是過去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時(shí)間狀語有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.第2頁/共40頁第三頁，共40頁。S(主語(zhy)）+have/has(助動(dòng)詞）+PP(過去分詞)+(其他）。第3頁/共40頁第四頁，共40頁。第4頁/共40頁第五頁，共40頁。第5

2、頁/共40頁第六頁，共40頁。I havent seen him since his wedding day .Have you seen him since his wedding day?第6頁/共40頁第七頁，共40頁。 Has he written to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been ill第7頁/共40頁第八頁，共40頁。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原型不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原型(yunxng)-(yunxng)-過去式過去式- -過去分過去分詞形式：詞形式：1） AAA型(三種(sn zhn)都一樣)如

3、：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(過去式與過去分詞相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led 第8頁/共40頁第九頁，共40頁。3） ABC型(三種都不一樣) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形(yunxng)與過去分詞相同) 如: come-came-come become

4、 became become run ran run 第9頁/共40頁第十頁，共40頁。1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中標(biāo)志(biozh)詞的用法區(qū)別1.Already肯定句: 句中(助后實(shí)前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”一般(ybn)疑問句: 句末(表示驚訝的語氣) “難道” Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常見(chn jin) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?第10頁/共40頁第十一頁，共40頁。注: 有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該

5、詞后是否有動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.第11頁/共40頁第十二頁，共40頁。2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中(sh zhn)的用法 否定句:句末 “還(沒)”疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?第12頁/共40頁第十三頁，共40頁。注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時(shí),將already要變成yet放在句末. Eg. I have already done my homewo

6、rk.否定句否定句:一般一般(ybn)疑問句疑問句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?第13頁/共40頁第十四頁，共40頁。 3. ever在現(xiàn)在(xinzi)完成時(shí)中的用法 肯定句/疑問句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)(cngjng)” Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 第14頁/共40頁第十五頁，共40頁。4. never在現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時(shí)中的用法否定句否定句: 句中句中 “從來從來(cngli)沒有沒有”Eg.

7、Ive never been to Beijing.第15頁/共40頁第十六頁，共40頁。注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定(fudng)句時(shí), 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定(fudng)回答時(shí)可用“No, never.”Eg. He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No, never.He has never made dumplings.第16頁/共40頁第十七頁，共40頁。5. just在現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時(shí)中的用法用于句中用于句中, 表示表示(biosh)

8、“剛剛剛剛”Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?第17頁/共40頁第十八頁，共40頁。6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中(sh zhn)的用法用于句末用于句末, 表示表示(biosh)“以前以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?第18頁/共40頁第十九頁，共40頁。 (定義二)表示一個(gè)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(zhungti).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.第19頁/共40頁第二十頁，共40頁。1.for

9、+Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間第20頁/共40頁第二十一頁，共40頁。2. since +從句(cn j)(一般過去時(shí)) 詞組(cz) (表示過去(guq)某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.第21頁/共40頁第二十二頁，共40頁。注: 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)(yndo)

10、的時(shí)間狀語提問 必須用how long, 絕不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?第22頁/共40頁第二十三頁，共40頁。注3): 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用(linyng), 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問句中. Eg.(誤)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away t

11、here for 5 years. 第23頁/共40頁第二十四頁，共40頁。 短 暫 性 動(dòng) 詞(dngc)與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞(dngc)間的轉(zhuǎn)換第24頁/共40頁第二十五頁，共40頁。5.短暫動(dòng)詞和短暫動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)延續(xù)(ynx)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換詞轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間性動(dòng)詞瞬間性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget married第25頁/共40頁第二十六頁，共40頁。瞬間性動(dòng)詞瞬間性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞put onget upwake upfall

12、asleepjoinarrive/reach第26頁/共40頁第二十七頁，共40頁。 have /has been have /has been toto，have / has gone have / has gone toto， have / has been in have / has been in的用法的用法(yn f)(yn f)區(qū)別區(qū)別 1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)回到說話地點(diǎn)，常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時(shí)間連用(linyng)。2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒

13、有回答，人不在說話地點(diǎn)。3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一種存在狀態(tài)巧記 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要記清； have / has been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行； have / has gone to + 地點(diǎn)，到某地去了已走遠(yuǎn)。 have / has been in +地名， 已經(jīng)在某地了。第27頁/共40頁第二十八頁，共40頁。Since句式：It is +一段時(shí)間 +since+句子(一般(ybn)過去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed+since + 句子(一般(ybn)過去時(shí)) Eg

14、. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.第28頁/共40頁第二十九頁，共40頁。（一）現(xiàn)在完成（一）現(xiàn)在完成(wn chng)時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在(xinzi)(xinzi)完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在(xinzi)(xinzi)產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在(xinzi)(xinzi)的情況。所以它不能和表示的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)

15、間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)只單過去時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在(xinzi)(xinzi)不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。去的時(shí)間狀語連用。第29頁/共40頁第三十頁，共40頁。He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自自1999年以來年以來(yli)他一直住在北京。他一直住在北京。（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）（說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在在1999年的時(shí)候他在北京住過。年的時(shí)候他在北京住過。（現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）（現(xiàn)

16、在是否住在北京不知道）第30頁/共40頁第三十一頁，共40頁。 Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been第31頁/共40頁第三十二頁，共40頁。第32頁/共40頁第三十三頁，共40頁。第33頁/共40頁第三十四頁，共40頁。有些(yuxi)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA第34頁/共40頁第三十五頁，共40頁。原型原型過去式過去式過去分詞過去分詞例詞例詞-eep-ept

17、-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則(guz)動(dòng)詞)第35頁/共40頁第三十六頁，共40頁。1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefe

18、el-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改變單詞中間元音(yunyn)字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則(guz)動(dòng)詞)第36頁/共40頁第三十七頁，共40頁。ABC原型原型過去式過去式過去分過去分詞詞例詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write第37頁/共40頁第三十八頁，共40頁。ABC有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞(dnc)。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote