浙江省溫州市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

機(jī)密★考試結(jié)束前溫州市普通高中2025屆高三第一次適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試題卷2024.11本試題卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。全卷共11頁(yè)，選擇題部分1至8頁(yè)，非選擇題部分9至11頁(yè)。滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘?？忌氈?.答題前，請(qǐng)務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填寫(xiě)在試題卷和答題卷規(guī)定的位置上。2.答題時(shí)，請(qǐng)按照答題卷上“注意事項(xiàng)”的要求，在答題卷相應(yīng)的位置上規(guī)范作答，在本試題卷上的作答一律無(wú)效。選擇題部分第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卷上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Havedinner. B.Cleanthehouse. C.Visittheboss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Honey,Ineedyoutohelpmetidyupabit.Mybossandherhusbandarecomingoverfordinnerandthehouseneedstobespotless.W:I’minthemiddleofsomethingrightnow.I’llbethereinasecond.M:Thiscan’twait.Ineedyourhelpnow.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Torescheduleameeting. B.Toreportanemergency. C.Toconfirmanappointment.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Samantha,thisisMarcocalling.W:OhhiMarco.What’sup?M:Iwonderifwecanputoffourmeetingtilltomorrow.Ihaveabitofanemergency.W:Itshouldn’tbetoomuchofaproblem.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatkindofpersonisthewoman?A.Generous. B.Helpful. C.Understanding.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Thisisreallyembarrassing,butyournamehasjustslippedmymind.Canyouremindme?W:Sure,mynameisAnnaFerris.Don’tworryaboutit.Ithappenstomeallthetime.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inagym. B.Atanoffice. C.Ataclinic.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Ijustgothere.What’stheplanfortoday’ssession?M:Hi,todaywewillfocusonlowerbodystrength.We’llstartwithsomewarmupexercisesandthenmoveontolegpresses.W:Soundsgood.I’vebeenfeelingabitweakinmylegslately.M:Let’sheadovertothestretchingareatobegin.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthemantalkingabout?A.Aninnovativerecipe. B.Astrongresolution. C.Aworkoutroutine.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mgonnacutoutallthejunkIeat.Nomorechips,nomoresoda,nomorefriedfood.W:Hmm,I’veheardthisonebefore.M:Butthistime,I’mgoingtosticktoit.Ireallymeanit.Trustme,I’mgoingtobeanewmaninoneyear’stime.W:Well,Iguesswe’lljusthavetowaitandsee.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Husbandandwife. C.Doctorandpatient.7.Whatisthemandoing?A.Askingforhelp. B.Discussingaplan. C.Sharinggoodnews.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Jen.Guesswhat?Mywifejusthadababy.W:Congratulations,boyorgirl?M:Boy,hisnameisRobert.W:Howmuchdoesheweigh?M:Hecameinatninepounds,eightounces.W:Wow,abigboy.Howwasyourwife?M:Sheandthebabyaredoingfine.I’mgoingtothehospitalnowtovisitthem.W:That’swonderful.I’llcallyoulatertocelebratethelatestadditiontoyourfamily.M:Soundslikeaplan.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Atafamilyreunion. B.Atasocialgathering. C.Atadepartmentmeeting.9.Whatistheman?A.Abankclerk. B.Anartdirector. C.Afinancialanalyst.10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutherjob?A.Ahighsalary. B.Paidleave. C.Travelopportunities.【答案】8.B9.B10.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,mynameisGeorge.W:Hi,mynameisMattia.M:Pleasedtomeetyou,doyouknowthehostoftheparty?W:Yes,thehost,Maryisagoodfriendofmineandyou.M:IcamewithmyfriendSusan,whoknowsMary,howdoyouknowMary?W:Oh,weworktogetherinthesameofficeaschasebank.M:Whatdoyoudothere?W:I’mafinancialanalyst.Howaboutyou?M:I’madirectorresponsibleforartdesignatLeoBurnett,anadvertisingcompany.W:Doyouworkwithanyspecificcustomers?M:Yes,IworkwithPepsiColaandojpotatochips.Whatdoyoudoatthebank?W:Idealwithnumbersintheaccountingareaoftheinternationaldivision.M:Doyoulikeit?W:Yes,itisinterestingandIgetachancetotraveloverseas.M:That’sanicebonus.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthewomancomplainabout?A.Ademandingmanager. B.Aheavyworkload. C.Adifficultworkmate.12.HowisEricrecently?A.Independent. B.Argumentative. C.Irresponsible.13.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Hedislikesbeingalone.B.Hehastroublesomekids.CHeisdatinghisMs.Right.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Dan.M:Hey,Amy,it’ssogoodtohearyourvoiceandfinallycatchup.W:Iknowsame.I’msorryit’sbeenabitnutsatwork.M:No,noworries.Havethingsfinallyresolvedwithyourcrazycoworker?W:WefinallybroughtonanewHRmanagerwhoIspokewithlastFriday,soit’sastartatleast.M:Ohgood.Andhow’severythinggoingathome?HowareJamesandEric?W:Yeah,allgoodthanks.TheyareasnaughtyaseverandErichasstartedtoarguemoreoftenrecently,sowe’vehadtohaveafewwordswithhim.M:Yeah,Ibethe’sjustgoingthroughhisteenphase.W:Yeah,somethinglikethat.How’severythingwithyou?Anyupdateonthedatingsituation?M:Well,Idon’tenjoydatinganymore.Ican’tseemtofindanyoneIhaveanythingincommonwith.W:Don’tfeeldiscouraged.Youwilldefinitelyfindthepersonwhoisrightforyou.M:Totellyouthetruth,IreallyhopetofindmyMs.right.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatistheman’smajorconcerninchoosingrestaurants?A.Food. B.Environment. C.Price.15.Whowillthemandinewith?A.Friends. B.Coworkers. C.Familymembers.16.Whatissaidabout“CafeRoma”?A.Itisalittlebitfar. B.Itisratherexpensive. C.Itservestraditionaldishes.17.Whydoesthemanchoose“Favorites”?A.IthasanItalianatmosphere.B.Itisintendedforvegetarians.C.Itoffersgoodvalueformoney.【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodafternoon,Iwaswonderingifyoucouldpleasemakesomesuggestionsforrestaurantreservationsthisevening.W:Goodafternoon,yes,Iamhappytoassistyou.Whattypeoffooddoyoulikeandwhattypeofpricerangeareyoulookingat?M:We’dliketotrysomelocalfoodorsomethingdifferentanduniqueinanykindofpricerange,butwithinwalkingdistanceofthishotel.W:Howmanypeoplewilldineandatwhattime?M:Justourfamilyoffourandat6:30ifpossible.W:Okay,Icanofferyoutwosuggestions.ThefirstiscafeRoma.It’saverycharmingsmallItalianrestaurantofferingthetraditionaldishes.Andyoucangetoutbynotpayingtoomuch.It’sinthebudgetcategory.M:Whataboutthesecond?W:Second,wehaveFavorites.Thisisafour-starrestaurantwithgreatfood,wonderfuldrinks,dessertsandaverynicewarmatmosphere.Theyalsooffersomespecials,usuallyvegetarianrecipes.M:Oh,FavoritessoundswellworththepriceIpay.Canyoumakethedinnerreservationsforus?W:Ofcourse.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whatisthemostattractiveaboutthesmalltowns?A.Apeacefullife. B.Comfortablehotels. C.Scenicplaces.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoduringthetrip?A.Hemademanyfriends.B.Hetrieddifferentfoods.C.Hetookalotofpictures.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Tosuggestaquickgetaway.B.Toadvertiseatravelagency.C.Tointroduceawayofsocializing.【答案】18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Hello,ifyouarelookingforsomethingfuntodo,consideraquickweekendtriptosomewhereinyourlocalarea.HereintheAmericanMidwestnearChicago,thereareanumberofscenicplacesandpicturesquetowns.Andareonlyaone-to-three-hourdriveaway.Recently,oursocialgroupvisitedthreesmalltowns.Shiwana.Nani.AndElkhartinnorthernIndiana.Whatweenjoyedmostwasseeingsmalltownwithitsquiet,slowerpacedlife.Itwaseasytolocateacomfortable,inexpensivehotelthere.Wewanderedthemainstreetshoppingareasandtriedavarietyoftreats.ThebusySaturdayendedwithsnacks,drinksandconversation.Wewerethenrewardedwithagoodnight’ssleepinthepeacefulcountryside.AfterabriefSundaybreakfast,westartedourwaybackhome.Eachofusfeltrefreshedafterthisquickovernighttrip.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AScienceAlliance:HighSchoolProgramWeareexcitedtoannouncetheexpansionoftheScienceAllianceProgramtostudentsingrades9-12.Studentscanchoosethetopicstheywanttoexplore:anthropology,astrophysics,conservationscience,Earthscience,andevolutionarybiology.Duringtheschoolyear,ScienceAllianceHighSchoolrunsthreesessions:Fall,Winter,andSpring.CourseswillmeetonceortwiceaweekonTuesdaysand/orThursdaysfrom4:30-6:30pm.Fall2024SessionsCLASSAGEGROUPDATES&TIMESInsectariumInsectsplayavitalroleinourNewYorkCitycommunitybydecomposingthecity’sorganicmatterandpollinating(授粉)thevastmajorityofourfood-bearingplants.Inthiscourse,studentswillexploreinsectbiodiversity,humanhealth,andtheMuseumscientiststhathavecontributedresearchandspecimens(標(biāo)本)totheInsectarium.Theywillpracticevariousinsectcollectionmethodsinthefieldandpreparationtechniquesbackinthelab.UsingtheMuseum’sinsectcollectionsandnewtechnologies,studentswillexploreavarietyofdigitaltoolsthatallowthemtostudythesetinycreaturesinnew,morevisibleways.ClickHeretoRegisterCost:$1,000Grade9Grade10Grade11Grade12Tuesdays&Thursdays,

4:30-6:30pm

10/10,10/15,10/17,10/22,10/24,10/29,11/7,11/12,11/14,11/19,11/21,12/3,12/5,12/10,12/12

Shouldyouhaveanytroubleregisteringusingtheprogramlinks,pleasecallCentralReservationsat212-769-5200topurchaseorbeaddedtothewaitlist.Youwillobtainafullrefundifyoucancelatleast30daysbeforethestartoftheprogram.Ahalfrefundifyoucancelatleast15daysahead,aquarterrefundifyoucancelatleastaweekahead.Anycancellationslessthanaweekbeforethestartoftheprogramarenoteligibletoreceivearefund.21.Whatisknownabouttheprogram?A.Itrunsonamonthlybasis. B.Itistailoredforfreshmen.C.Itconsistsoffoursessions. D.Itcoversavarietyoftopics.22.WhatcanstudentsdoatInsectarium?A.Raiseinsectsinthelab. B.Createtoolswithmuseumscientists.C.Goonaninsectfieldtrip. D.Contributespecimenstothemuseum.23.Ifastudentcancelsregistration20daysahead,howmuchwillhereceive?A.None. B.$500. C.$1,000. D.$750.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了Science

Alliance高中的Insectarium課程，包括課程內(nèi)容、時(shí)間安排、費(fèi)用及退款政策。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Students

can

choose

the

topics

they

want

to

explore:

anthropology,

astrophysics,

conservation

science,

Earth

science,

and

evolutionary

biology.(學(xué)生可以選擇他們想要探索的主題：人類(lèi)學(xué)、天體物理學(xué)、保護(hù)科學(xué)、地球科學(xué)和進(jìn)化生物學(xué))”可知，該項(xiàng)目涵蓋了多種主題。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格第一列中“Inthiscourse,studentswillexploreinsectbiodiversity,humanhealth,andtheMuseumscientiststhathavecontributedresearchandspecimens(標(biāo)本)totheInsectarium.Theywillpracticevariousinsectcollectionmethodsinthefieldandpreparationtechniquesbackinthelab.(在本課程中，學(xué)生將探索昆蟲(chóng)的生物多樣性，人類(lèi)健康，以及為昆蟲(chóng)館貢獻(xiàn)研究和標(biāo)本的博物館科學(xué)家。他們將在野外練習(xí)各種昆蟲(chóng)采集方法，并在實(shí)驗(yàn)室練習(xí)準(zhǔn)備技術(shù))”可知，在Insectarium課程中學(xué)生可以進(jìn)行昆蟲(chóng)實(shí)地考察。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中第一列最后“Cost:$1,000(花費(fèi)：1000美元)”以及最后一段的退款政策“Ahalfrefundifyoucancelatleast15daysahead,aquarterrefundifyoucancelatleastaweekahead.(如果你提前至少15天取消，可以退一半，如果你提前至少一周取消，可以退四分之一)”可知，如果學(xué)生提前20天取消注冊(cè)，將獲得一半的退款，即$500。故選B。BRatheediscoveredYouTubein2014,atimewhencheapsmartphonesandcellular(蜂窩)dataledtoaboomininternetaccessinIndia.Inspiredbyvideoshewatchedonline,Rathee,now28,startedatravelvlog.Buthesoonnoticedaproblem.“PeopleinIndiaweren’ttrainedonhowtousetheinternetandblindlytrustedwhatevertheysawonYouTubeorWhatsApp,”hesays.SoRathee,whogrewupinasmallnorthernIndiantowninthestateofHaryanaandlaterstudiedmechanicalengineeringinGermany,becamewhathecallsa“YouTubeeducator”,makingvideosinHindithatfact-checktopicsthataretrendingonIndiansocialmedia.“Myaimistopresentthingsassimplyaspossibleandbreakdowncomplexissuesinsimplewords,”hesays.Rathee’sworkisincrediblypopular—he’saccumulatednearly13millionsubscribers,makinghisYouTubechanneloneofthemost-viewedinthecountry.Ithasalsoledtoconflicts.WhenafilmcalledTheKeralaStorybeganmakingwavesinMay,Ratheemadea23-minutevideoinwhichhearguedthatthefilmpromotedafalsetheory.ThoughRatheeusedthegovernment’sdataandinternationalsourcestomakehiscounterclaim,hisfact-checkingledtoconsequences,includingthreatssenttohisfamily.Despitetherisks,Ratheeremainscalm.Hemakesvideosforonereason.“Ihopetheyteachpeopletolerance,coexistence,andacceptingeachother’sopinions,valuesthatImyselfreallyvalue,”hesays.“I’msurpriseddoingsuchasimplethingcanbringsomuchattention,”headds,“maybebecausenoonetriestodaretodothat.”24.WhatproblemdidRatheenoticewithIndians?A.Theyblindlysubscribedtovlogs. B.Theywereaddictedtoonlinevideos.C.TheyhadlimitedaccesstotheInternet. D.Theywereeasilymisledbyonlineinformation.25.WhydidRatheemakehisvideoaboutthefilm?A.Toattractviewsandattention. B.Tocorrectgovernmentdata.C.Tostopthespreadofafalsetheory. D.Tosupporthispreviousargument.26.WhichwordcouldbestdescribeRathee’swork?A.Confusing. B.Enlightening. C.Disappointing. D.Entertaining.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Raisingvariousopinions. B.Challengingtheauthority.C.Makingfact-checkingvideos. D.Critisizingtraditionalvalues.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Rathee通過(guò)制作視頻來(lái)教育印度人如何正確使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Buthesoonnoticedaproblem.“PeopleinIndiaweren’ttrainedonhowtousetheinternetandblindlytrustedwhatevertheysawonYouTubeorWhatsApp,”hesays.(但他很快發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題。他說(shuō)：“印度人沒(méi)有接受過(guò)如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的培訓(xùn)，他們盲目地相信他們?cè)赮ouTube或WhatsApp上看到的任何東西?！?”可知，Rathee注意到印度人容易被網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息誤導(dǎo)。故選D。

【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenafilmcalled

TheKeralaStorybeganmakingwavesinMay,Ratheemadea23-minutevideoinwhichhearguedthatthefilmpromotedafalsetheory.

(今年5月，當(dāng)一部名為《喀拉拉邦的故事》的電影開(kāi)始引起轟動(dòng)時(shí)，Rathee制作了一段23分鐘的視頻，他在視頻中辯稱(chēng)，這部電影宣揚(yáng)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的理論)”可知，Rathee制作視頻是為了阻止錯(cuò)誤理論的傳播。故選C。

【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“SoRathee,whogrewupinasmallnorthernIndiantowninthestateofHaryanaandlaterstudiedmechanicalengineeringinGermany,becamewhathecallsa“YouTubeeducator”,makingvideosinHindithatfact-checktopicsthataretrendingonIndiansocialmedia.“Myaimistopresentthingsassimplyaspossibleandbreakdowncomplexissuesinsimplewords,”hesays.(因此，在印度北部哈里亞納邦的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)大、后來(lái)在德國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械工程的拉西成為了他所謂的“YouTube教育家”，用印地語(yǔ)制作視頻，對(duì)印度社交媒體上的熱門(mén)話(huà)題進(jìn)行事實(shí)核查。他說(shuō)：“我的目標(biāo)是盡可能簡(jiǎn)單地呈現(xiàn)事物，用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言分解復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題?！?”可知，Rathee通過(guò)制作視頻教育人們，他的工作是啟發(fā)性的。故選B?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Despitetherisks,Ratheeremainscalm.Hemakesvideosforonereason.“Ihopetheyteachpeopletolerance,coexistence,andacceptingeachother’sopinions,valuesthatImyselfreallyvalue,”hesays.“I’msurpriseddoingsuchasimplethingcanbringsomuchattention,”headds,“maybebecausenoonetriestodaretodo

that .”(盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，拉西仍然保持冷靜。他制作視頻只有一個(gè)原因。他說(shuō)：“我希望他們教會(huì)人們寬容、共存、接受彼此的意見(jiàn)，這些是我自己真正看重的價(jià)值觀(guān)?！彼a(bǔ)充道：“我很驚訝這么簡(jiǎn)單的事情卻能引起這么多的關(guān)注，也許是因?yàn)闆](méi)有人敢這么做?！?”可知，that指代的是前文所說(shuō)的制作事實(shí)核查視頻。故選C。CHaveyouevernoticedhowtheemailicon(圖標(biāo))onmanycomputersandsmartphonesisofanenvelope?Orhowcameraphonesmakethesoundofarealcameraclickingwhenyoutakeaphoto,eventhoughthere’snoshuttertoopenorclose?Theseareexamplesofskeuomorphs,whichiswhennewthingstakeontheappearanceorsoundoftheobjectthey’vereplaced.Whywouldnewthingswanttolooklikesomethingold?It’salltodowithhumanpsychology.PsychologistJamesGibsonsaysoneofthewayspeopleunderstandtheworldisthroughaffordances—objectswhoseshapetellsyouhowtousethem.Whencreatingnewdigitaltechnologies,inventorslikeSteveJobsofAppleusedskeuomorphssopeoplewouldknowhowtousetheirproducts.Byshowingpeopleanimageofsomethingtheyalreadyknewhowtouse,itmadeusingacomputerorsmartphoneeasier.However,aspeoplebecamemorefamiliarwithmoderntechnology,somedesignersarguedthatskeuomorphswerenolongernecessary.Indeed,theyoungergenerationdon’tneedvisualreferencestoolderitemsthey’veneverused.Thisledtosomethingcalledflatdesign,wherecomputerdesktopsandsmartphonehomescreensstartedtodoawaywithskeuomorphism.Skeuomorphsmadeacomeback,though,withsmartwatches.Manysmartwatchestookontheappearanceofanoldfashionedwatch,withaclockface.Thiswastoencouragepeoplewhodidn’tlikedigitalwatchestoconsiderbuyingasmartwatch.Whilethesearethewaysskeuomorphsareusedtoday,thatdoesn’tmeanit’sonlyamodernphenomenon.Infact,thewordwasfirstusedin1899bythearchaeologistHenryColleyMarch,whorealizedthatsomeancientartefacts(人工制品)kepttheappearanceofolderobjects,eventhoughtherewasnopracticalreasonforthemtodoso.WhenancientGreekbuildersmovedfromusingwoodtostone,theyrecreatedsomeofthecharacteristicsofwoodenbuildings.FromancientGreekarchitectureto21stcenturytechnology,skeuomorphshavebeenakeyfeatureofscientificprogress.So,whenyouwonderabouttheobjectsofthefuture,takealookaround.Chancesarethattheywilllookalotliketheobjectsofthepast.28.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofskeuomorphs?A. B. C. D.29.Howwouldpeoplefeelaboutskeuomorphs?A.User-friendly. B.Safety-centered. C.Energy-saving. D.Cost-effective.30.Whydidsomedesignersthinkskeuomorphsunnecessary?A.Usersbecameaccustomedtotechnology. B.Theseproductswereexpensivetodesign.C.Youngpeoplerejectedtraditionaldesigns. D.Theexistingstandardshadbeenupdated.31.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepredictionaboutfutureobjects. B.Thekeyfeatureofscientificprogress.C.Thedesignphilosophiesofskeuomorphism. D.Theever-lastingpresenceofskeuomorphs.【答案】28.C29.A30.A31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了擬物化設(shè)計(jì)在現(xiàn)代科技中的應(yīng)用及其歷史根源，解釋了為什么新事物往往模仿舊事物的外觀(guān)或聲音，并討論了隨著技術(shù)進(jìn)步，擬物化設(shè)計(jì)逐漸被平面設(shè)計(jì)取代，但在智能手表等新領(lǐng)域中又重新興起，并且可能會(huì)一直存在?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theseareexamplesofskeuomorphs,whichiswhennewthingstakeontheappearanceorsoundoftheobjectthey’vereplaced.(這些都是擬物化設(shè)計(jì)的例子，也就是新事物呈現(xiàn)出被它們?nèi)〈奈矬w的外觀(guān)或聲音)”可知，擬物化設(shè)計(jì)是指讓新事物的外觀(guān)或聲音與被取代的舊事物相同。比較選項(xiàng)中的圖標(biāo)可知，C項(xiàng)的圖標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)的是過(guò)去常用的手電筒的外觀(guān)，屬于擬物化設(shè)計(jì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“PsychologistJamesGibsonsaysoneofthewayspeopleunderstandtheworldisthroughaffordances—objectswhoseshapetellsyouhowtousethem.Whencreatingnewdigitaltechnologies,inventorslikeSteveJobsofAppleusedskeuomorphssopeoplewouldknowhowtousetheirproducts.Byshowingpeopleanimageofsomethingtheyalreadyknewhowtouse,itmadeusingacomputerorsmartphoneeasier.(心理學(xué)家JamesGibson說(shuō)，人們了解世界的方式之一是通過(guò)功能可見(jiàn)性——物體的形狀告訴你如何使用它們。在創(chuàng)造新的數(shù)字技術(shù)時(shí)，像蘋(píng)果公司的SteveJobs這樣的發(fā)明家使用了擬物化設(shè)計(jì)，這樣人們就會(huì)知道如何使用他們的產(chǎn)品。通過(guò)向人們展示他們已經(jīng)知道如何使用的東西的圖像，它讓使用電腦或智能手機(jī)變得更容易)”可知，擬物化設(shè)計(jì)更易于實(shí)現(xiàn)功能可見(jiàn)性，讓使用者通過(guò)已知如何使用的東西的圖像，知道如何使用新產(chǎn)品。由此可知，人們會(huì)覺(jué)得擬物化設(shè)計(jì)是用戶(hù)友好的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,aspeoplebecamemorefamiliarwithmoderntechnology,somedesignersarguedthatskeuomorphswerenolongernecessary.(然而，隨著人們對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技的熟悉，一些設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為擬物化設(shè)計(jì)不再是必要的)”可知，一些設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要使用擬物化設(shè)計(jì)是因?yàn)橛脩?hù)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了科技。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilethesearethewaysskeuomorphsareusedtoday,thatdoesn’tmeanit’sonlyamodernphenomenon.Infact,thewordwasfirstusedin1899bythearchaeologistHenryColleyMarch,whorealizedthatsomeancientartefacts(人工制品)kepttheappearanceofolderobjects,eventhoughtherewasnopracticalreasonforthemtodoso.WhenancientGreekbuildersmovedfromusingwoodtostone,theyrecreatedsomeofthecharacteristicsofwoodenbuildings.FromancientGreekarchitectureto21stcenturytechnology,skeuomorphshavebeenakeyfeatureofscientificprogress.So,whenyouwonderabouttheobjectsofthefuture,takealookaround.Chancesarethattheywilllookalotliketheobjectsofthepast.(雖然這些都是今天人們使用擬物化設(shè)計(jì)的方式，但這并不意味著它只是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)象。事實(shí)上，1899年，考古學(xué)家HenryColleyMarch首次使用了這個(gè)詞，他意識(shí)到一些古代文物保留了更古老物體的外觀(guān)，盡管沒(méi)有實(shí)際的理由這樣做。當(dāng)古希臘建筑者從使用木材轉(zhuǎn)向使用石頭時(shí)，他們重現(xiàn)了木制建筑的一些特征。從古希臘建筑到21世紀(jì)的科技，擬物化設(shè)計(jì)一直是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵特征。所以，當(dāng)你對(duì)未來(lái)的事物感到好奇時(shí)，看看周?chē)?。它們很可能看起?lái)很像過(guò)去的物品)”可知，本段先指出擬物化設(shè)計(jì)并非現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)象，然后追溯這一概念的歷史起源和在考古中的發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后點(diǎn)明其重要性，表明擬物化設(shè)計(jì)在未來(lái)很可能依然存在。因此，本段主要是說(shuō)明擬物化設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)一直存在。故選D項(xiàng)。DIn2017,theUniversityofWaterloocreatedthePhDjobshadowprogramtohelpPhDsexploretheircareeroptionsbeyondatenure-trackfacultyposition(終身教職).TheprogramachievedthisbyhavingPhDstudentsshadownon-faculty(非教師)stafforhostswhoworkindepartmentssuchasgraduatestudiesandpostdoctoralaffairsandthecentreforteachingexcellence.Thestudentswouldwriteupacasestudyrelevanttothestaffmembers’department,includingprojectslikedesigningasurveyorcreatingareportbasedondocumentreview.In2023,theprogramwasimprovedtogivestudentsgreateragencywhenchoosingahostbasedonstudent,hostandprogramstafffeedbackwhoallfoundthatstudent-hostmatchingdidn’talwaysmeetstudentneedsorexpectations.Studentswereaskedtocreatealistcontaininguptofivestaffoftheirchoiceandthenpairedwiththestaffchosenfromtheirsubmittedlists.Thisactiveefforttofindcommongroundwiththeirhostscreatedamoremeaningfulrelationshipandallowedforhighersatisfactionwiththeinteractionsduringtheprogram.Choosingtheirhostanddoingresearcharoundtheirroleallowedstudentstobebetterpreparedtocontributetoaspecificdepartmentthroughthecasestudy.Onestudentclaimed:“SoIfoundthatingeneralitwasadirectmatch...TherearepartsthatIwouldhavetolearn,butthebackgroundstructureofwhatI’vebeendoingdirectlytranslates.”ThisisparticularlyrelevantsincePhDstudentsmayfinishtheirprogramfeelingpreparedforacademia,butmostPhDprogramsdonotprovidesupportortrainingforjobsoutsideoftenure-trackpositions.Mistakenly,thetenure-trackisconsideredbymanyastheonlywaytosuccessfullyconcludeapathinacademiaandanyotherpathsare“planB”,whichcangivefeelingsofbeinga“failure”.Whenstudentsgettheopportunityofexperiencingwhattheyenjoyabouttheirresearchinothernon-academicorresearch-relatedrole,findinganequallymeaningfulcareeroutsideoffacultyrolesbecomesclearerandmorepossible.Asonestudentcommented:“Itmademerealizethattheadministrativeaspectofacademiaisdeeper,richerandmoremeaningfulthanwhatalotofpeopleassume.”32.WhatdidthePhDStudentsdointhejobshadowprogram?A.Theyexperiencednon-facultyjobs.B.Theyinterviewedtenure-trackfaculty.C.Theyworkedasteachingassistants.D.Theyhelpedstudentswithcareerchoices.33.Howdidtheprogramchangein2023?A.Itlimitedthenumberofhosts. B.Itnarroweddownitssubjects.C.Itraiseditsstandardsforhosts. D.ItincreasedthePhDs’autonomy.34.WhatbenefitdidtheprogrambringtoPhDs?A.Expansionofcareerexploration.B.Preparationforfutureresearch.C.Familiaritywithacademicsettings.D.Satisfactionwiththechosencareers.35.WhatmaythePhDsagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.PlanBleavesmuchtobedesired.B.Non-academicpositionsarealsovaluable.C.Theadministrativepositionsarebetterchoices.D.Explorationsbeyondtheircapabilitiesaremeaningful.【答案】32.A33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了加拿大滑鐵盧大學(xué)的PhD職業(yè)影子計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃幫助PhD學(xué)生探索非教師職業(yè)路徑，通過(guò)與非教師工作人員合作完成案例研究，增加職業(yè)選擇的多樣性?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“TheprogramachievedthisbyhavingPhDstudentsshadownon-faculty(非教師)stafforhostswhoworkindepartmentssuchasgraduatestudiesandpostdoctoralaffairsandthecentreforteachingexcellence.Thestudentswouldwriteupacasestudyrelevanttothestaffmembers’department,includingprojectslikedesigningasurveyorcreatingareportbasedondocumentreview.(該計(jì)劃通過(guò)讓PhD學(xué)生跟隨非教師工作人員（如研究生院、博士后事務(wù)部和教學(xué)卓越中心的員工）進(jìn)行工作，完成與這些部門(mén)相關(guān)的案例研究，包括設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷或撰寫(xiě)基于文件審查的報(bào)告。)”可知，PhD學(xué)生在該計(jì)劃中體驗(yàn)了非教師職位的工作。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“In2023,theprogramwasimprovedtogivestudentsgreateragencywhenchoosingahostbasedonstudent,hostandprogramstafffeedbackwhoallfoundthatstudent-hostmatchingdidn’talwaysmeetstudentneedsorexpectations.Studentswereaskedtocreatealistcontaininguptofivestaffoftheirchoiceandthenpairedwiththestaffchosenfromtheirsubmittedlists.(2023年，根據(jù)學(xué)生、主持人和項(xiàng)目工作人員的反饋，該項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，讓學(xué)生在選擇主持人時(shí)擁有更大的自主權(quán)，他們都發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生與主持人的匹配并不總是滿(mǎn)足學(xué)生的需求或期望。學(xué)生們被要求創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含多達(dá)五名自己選擇的員工的列表，然后與從他們提交的列表中選擇的員工配對(duì)。)”可知，2023年，該計(jì)劃進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，增加了學(xué)生的自主權(quán)。故選D。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Choosingtheirhostanddoingresearcharoundtheirroleallowedstudentstobebetterpreparedtocontributetoaspecificdepartmentthroughthecasestudy.Onestudentclaimed:“SoIfoundthatingeneralitwasadirectmatch...TherearepartsthatIwouldhavetolearn,butthebackgroundstructureofwhatI’vebeendoingdirectlytranslates.”(選擇跟隨對(duì)象并圍繞其角色進(jìn)行研究，使學(xué)生能夠更好地為特定部門(mén)的案例研究做出貢獻(xiàn)。一位學(xué)生表示：“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)直接的匹配……有一些部分我需要學(xué)習(xí)，但我所做的事情的背景結(jié)構(gòu)可以直接轉(zhuǎn)換?！?”可知，該計(jì)劃使PhD學(xué)生能夠更好地準(zhǔn)備為特定部門(mén)貢獻(xiàn)，并擴(kuò)展了他們的職業(yè)探索。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Whenstudentsgettheopportunityofexperiencingwhattheyenjoyabouttheirresearchinothernon-academicorresearch-relatedrole,findinganequallymeaningfulcareeroutsideoffacultyrolesbecomesclearerandmorepossible.Asonestudentcommented:“Itmademerealizethattheadministrativeaspectofacademiaisdeeper,richerandmoremeaningfulthanwhatalotofpeopleassume.”(當(dāng)學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)在其他非學(xué)術(shù)或研究相關(guān)職位中體驗(yàn)他們喜歡的研究方面時(shí)，找到同樣有意義的非教職職業(yè)變得更為清晰和可行。正如一位學(xué)生評(píng)論的那樣：“這讓我意識(shí)到，學(xué)術(shù)界的行政方面比很多人想象的要更深入、豐富和有意義。”)”可知，PhD學(xué)生可能會(huì)同意非學(xué)術(shù)職位也有很高的價(jià)值。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoOvercometheHarmfulHabitofJudgingYou’vedoneit.I’vedoneit.Wealldoit—weallsometimespassjudgmentonotherswhentheirbehaviordoesn’tmeetourstandards.Clothingchoices,howpeoplespendtheirfreetime,jobskills—thelistofpossiblethingstojudgeisendless.____36____Whileyoumaynotconsciouslylabelthemassuch,youarefamiliarwithnonverbalsthatconveyjudgment:pursedlips,raisedeyebrows,crossedarms,tippingheadtoliterallylookdownuponanother.Wejudgeotherstoprotectourownself-images.Butthatprotectioncomesataprice.____37____Andwithitcomesdefensiveness,prejudice,andhostility(敵意).Judgmentisjustadressed-upversionofshame.Weputtheshameontosomeoneelsesothatwedon’thavetofeelourown.Toovercom