機械原理上機指導書

1、機械原理上機指導書（Tutorial of Using ADAMS）1. Crank rocker mechanism 1.1 Problem DescriptionIn the crank-rocker linkage shown, driving link AB has a counterclockwise angular velocity w1 = 1 rad/s. the lengths of four links are l1=120mm, l2=250mm, l3=260mm, l4=300mm. This problem asks for the motion analysis

2、of rocker CD, to determine its angular translation, angular velocity.1.2 Starting MSC.ADAMS from WindowThe welcome dialog box appears.1.3 Creating a New Model Name. Replace the contents of the Model name text box with crank_rocker_mechanism. Select OK.Note! MSC.ADAMS default start working direction

3、to C:Documents and SettingsOwnerdesktop. You can select or create a new direction by click button. ADAMS Working Interface is shown as follow. 1.4 Setting Up Work Environment1.4.1 Setting Up Units. Select Settings/Units from the drop down menu. Select Units for Length, Mass, Force, Time, Angle and F

4、requency in Units Settings dialog box. Select OK.Note! Here we use default units. 1.4.2 Setting Up Working Grid. Select Settings/Working Grid from the drop down menu. Set the grid size along X to 350 and Y to 250.Note! You do not need to enter units because ADAMS/View uses the default units if you d

5、o not specify them. Set the grid spacing for X and Y to 10. Select OK.Note! OK button and Apply button have the same functions. The difference is that by selecting OK button, the dialog box will be closed and Apply button not.1.4.3 Setting Up Icon Size. Select Settings/Icons from the drop down menu.

6、 In New Size text field enter 20. Select OK.1.5 Creating Model1.5.1 Creating Crank1.5.1.1 Creating a Link. Click working area. Press F4 key.The Coordinates window appears. . Select Link tool in Main Toolbox. Check Length. In Length text field, enter 120. Click (0,0,0) position. Move the cursor horiz

7、ontally. When you see a link appears, click. The link is created and named as PART_2 automatically.1.5.1.2 Renaming the Link. Right-click the link (PART_2). . In New Name text field enter Crank. Select Part:PART_2/Rename. . Select OK.1.5.1.3 Modifying Geometry of the Crank. Right-click the crank aga

8、in. Select -Link:LINK_1/Modify. In Width text field enter 12, and Depth text field enter 6.Note! You do not need to enter units because ADAMS/View uses the default units if you do not specify them. Select OK.1.5.2 Creating Rocker1.5.2.1 Creating Rocker. Select Link tool in Main Toolbox. Check Length

9、, in Length text field enter 260. Check Width, in Width text field enter 12. Check Depth, in Depth text field enter 6. Click (300,0,0) position.Note! 300 is the length of the base link (i.e. l4=300mm). Move the cursor horizontally and then click.The rocker is created and named as PART_3 automaticall

10、y. Rename PART_3 as Rocker.1.5.2.2 Modifying Rockers OrientationWhen the rank is in horizontal position (i.e. AB position shown in figure), the rocker should be in the DC position and not in horizontal position. So the rocker should be rotated about point D (300,0,0) from horizontal position to DC p

11、osition (Being counterclockwise rotated 114º). Select tool in Main Toolbox. Click View Center button. Click the right end of the rocker. In Angle text field enter 114. . Select the rocker by clicking it.Note! The part must be selected before it is rotated and translated. Click counterclockwise

12、rotation button. The rocker should be in the position shown in the figure.1.5.3 Creating Link. Select Link tool in Main Toolbox. Uncheck Length. Check Width, in Width text field enter 12; Check Depth, in Depth text field enter 6. Click the right end of the crank. Click the top end of the rocker.The

13、link is created.Rename it (PART_4) to Link. 1.5.4 Creating JOINT_A. Click Revolute Joint tool in Main Toolbox. In Construction field, select 1 Location andNormal To Grid. Click the left end of the crank. The JOINT_1 between crank and fixed base (ground) is created. Rename JOINT_1 to JOINT_A.1.5.5 Cr

14、eating JOINT_D. Select Revolute Joint tool in Main Toolbox. In Construction field, select 1 Location andNormal To Grid. Click bottom end of the rocker. The JOINT_2 between rocker and fixed base(ground) is created. Rename JOINT_2 to JOINT_D.1.5.6 Creating JOINT_B. Select Revolute Joint tool. In Const

15、ruction field, select 2 Bod-1 Loc and Normal To Grid. Click the crank. Click the link. Click the connection point between crank and link. The JOINT_3 between crank and link is created. Rename JOINT_3 to JOINT_B.1.5.7 Creating JOINT_C. Select Revolute Joint tool. In Construction field, select 2 Bod-1

16、 Loc and Normal To Grid. Click the link. Click the rocker. Click the connection point between link and rocker. The JOINT_4 between link and rocker is created. Rename JOINT_4 to JOINT_C.1.5.8 Rendering Model. Click Select tool.Note! The Select tool is also helpful in many other situations. For exampl

17、e, by selecting the Select tool, you can cancel an operation, such as creating an object. You can also clear the selection of any objects. Click Render button to render the model. Click Set the view orientation to Front button. The model can be seen as Fig. a. Click Set the View to isometric button.

18、 The model can be seen as Fig. b.1.5.9 Adding Motion. Select Rotational Joint Motion tool. In Speed text field enter 180/PI (=1 rad/s). . Click JOINT_A to apply motion to JOINT_A.1.6 Saving Model. Select File/Select Directory from the drop down menu. Select an existing folder or Make New Folder to s

19、ave the model. (Here a new folder ADAMS Model is created.). Select OK. Select File/Save Database from the drop down menu. The file is saved as rank_rocker_mechanism.bin in folder ADAMS Model.1.7 Simulating Model. Click Interactive SimulationControls button. In End Time text field enter6.283. (6.283*

20、180/pi = 360o). . In Steps text field enter 100. . Click Start or continuesimulation button to startsimulation.1.8 Measuring Model1.5.12.1 Creating Marker. Select Marker tool. Click (350, 0, 0) point. MARKER_18 is created. 1.5.12.2 Measuring Angle of Rocker . Select Build/Measure/Angle/New from the

21、dropdown menu. In Measure Name text field in Angle Measuredialog box, enter MEA_ANGLE_3. Right-click First Marker text field. SelectMarker/Pick from the drop down menu. . Click the top end of rocker. First Marker text field is filled with MARKER_4. Fill Middle Marker text field with MARKER_3(the bot

22、tom end of the rocker). Put MARKER_18 into Last Marker text field. Select OK. 1.5.12.3 Measuring Angle Velocity of Rocker . Right-click the rocker. Select Part: Rocker/Measure from thedrop down menu. In Measure Name text field, enter MEA_ANGULAR_VELOCITY_3. In Characteristic text field, select CM an

23、gular velocity. . From Component list, select Z. Select OK. The measure result appears. 2. Gear Train 2.1 Problem Description In the planetary gear train shown, the tooth numbers of two gears are z1=40, z2=20, and the module of the gears is m=5mm. The sun gear is fixed to the ground. The driving lin

24、k is arm, and its angular velocity is wH =30deg/s. This problem asks for the angular velocity of planet gear relative to the arm. Planet GearSun Gear2.2 Creating Gears In this tutorial, we will use Solidworks to create gears (begin from next page). If you do not have such kind of software, you can c

25、reate Cylinders to simulate the gears. Select Cylinder tool. Create big cylinder to simulate planet gear. Create small cylinder to simulate sun gear. Rotate two gears 90° about y axial.Note! Before rotating the gears, make sure the gears are selected. Note! You should continue from 2.4.8 if you

26、 use cylinders to simulate the gears.2.2.1 Creating Sun Gear Starting Solidworks and creating a new part file. Click Design Library button. Select Toolbox/Ansi Metric/PowerTransmission/Gears. Right-check Spur Gear icon. Select Create Part. . In Spur Gear dialog box, enter theparameters of the sun ge

27、ar. Select OK. Save the gear to Sun Gear.x_t. 2.2.2 Creating Planet Gear Creating another new part file. Click Design Library button. Select Toolbox/Ansi Metric/PowerTransmission/Gears. Right-check Spur Gear icon. Select Create Part. . In Spur Gear dialog box, enter theparameters of the planet gear.

28、 Select OK. Save the gear to Planet Gear.x_t. 2.3 Starting and Making Settings. Start Adams (Double-click the shortcut of ADAMS-View). Create a new model. The model name is Gear_Train. Set Working Grid as along X to 300 and Y to 200, grid spacing for X and Y to 10. Set the Icon size as 20.2.4 Creati

29、ng Model2.4.1 Importing Planet Gear. Select File/Import from the drop down menu.Select File Type to Parasolid. .Select file Planet Gear.x_t in File To Read text file. .Pick or enter Gear_Train for Model Name.Select OK.2.4.2 Adjusting Planet Gears Position. Select tool in Main Toolbox. In Distance te

30、xt field, enter 150. Click planet gear to select it. Click Translate button to move planet gear 150mm along y direction.2.4.3 Importing Sun Gear. Select File/Import from the drop down menu. Select File Type to Parasolid. . Select file Sun Gear.x_t in File To Read text file. . Pick or enter Gear_Trai

31、n for Model Name. Select OK.2.4.4 Adjusting Gears Orientation. Select tool in Main Toolbox. In Angle text field, enter 90. Press down Ctrl key, and then click sun gear and planet gear separately. Click Rotate button to rotate the gears 90o .2.4.5 Adjusting Planet Gears Orientation. Click View Center

32、 button. Click the center of planet gear. In Angle text field enter 1. . Select planet gear by clicking it. Click clockwise rotation buttonto adjust planet gear orientation .2.4.6 Renaming Gears2.4.7 Changing Gears Colors. Select Solid: SOLID2 of Sun_Gear. Right-click Entity Color tool. . Select a c

33、olor (Chose Green). Change the color of the planet gear to Blue.2.4.8 Creating Markers. Select Marker tool in Main Toolbox. Create two markers at the center of sun gear. Move one of two markers 150mm along y direction. (Here MARKER_2 is moved.)2.4.9 Creating Arm. Select Link tool in Main Toolbox. Cl

34、ick MARKER_2. Click MARKER_1. Rename PART_4 (the link) to Arm.2.4.10 Creating Jiont_A. Click Revolute Joint tool in Main Toolbox. In Construction field, select 2 Bod-1 Loc and Normal To Grid. Click the sun gear. . Click the arm. Click the center of the sun gear. Rename the joint to JOINT_A.2.4.11 Cr

35、eating Jiont_B. Click Revolute Joint tool in Main Toolbox . Click the planet gear. Click the arm. Click the center of the planet gear. Rename the joint to JOINT_B.2.4.12 Creating Jiont_C. Click Fix Joint tool in Main Toolbox . Click the sun gear. Click the ground. Click the center of the sun gear. R

36、ename the joint to JOINT_C.2.4.12 Creating Jiont_D (Gear Joint) Creates a gear pair that relates the motion of three parts and two joints using a marker, called the common velocity (CV) marker, to determine the point of contact.· Joint 1 connects Part A to carrier Part· Joint 2 connects Pa

37、rt B to carrier Part· Common velocity marker is fixed in carrier part so its z-axis points along the direction of common movement for the geared parts.2.4.12.1 Creating a Marker (CV Marker) on Arm. Select Marker tool in Main Toolbox. Select Add to Part. Click the arm. Click bottom end of the ar

38、m. MARKER_19 is created. Move the marker (MARKER_19) 100mm along y direction.Note! MARKER_19 is pitch point of the gears. Two gears have the same velocity at this marker. 2.4.12.2 Rotating the MarkerRotate the marker (MARKER_19) 90°about y axial. Make sure that z direction of the marker is the

39、direction of the velocity of gears at the pitch point.2.4.12.3 Creating Gear Joint. Select Gear joint tool in Main Toolbox. Enter JOINT_D in Gear Name text field. Pick or enter JOINT_A and JOINT_B in Joint Name text field. Pick or enter MARKER_19 in Common Velocity Marker text field. Select OK.2.4.1

40、3 Adding Motion. Select Rotational Joint Motion tool. Click JOINT_A to apply motion to Joint_A.2.5 Simulating Model. Click Interactive SimulationControls button. Select Kinematic analysis. In End Time text field enter 12. In Steps text field enter 1000. Click Start or continue simulation button to s

41、tart simulation.2.6 Measuring Model2.6.1 Measuring Angle Translation of Planet Gear2.6.1.1 Creating a Marker. Select Marker tool. Select Add to Part. Click the planet gear. Click the MARKER_19.MARKER_20 is created.2.6.1.2 Measuring Angle Translation of Planet Gear. Select Build/Measure/Angle/New fro

42、m the drop down menu. In Measure Name text field in Angle Measure dialog box, enter MEA_ANGLE_2H. Right-click First Marker text field. . Select Marker/Pick from the drop down menu. Right-click the MARKER_19. Select MARKER_20. Select OK. Fill Middle Marker text field with MARKER_3. Put Arm.cm into La

43、st Marker text field. Select OK.The measure result appears.2.6.2 Measuring Angle Translation of Arm. Select Build/Measure/Angle/New from the drop down menu. In Measure Name text field in Angle Measure dialog box, enter MEA_ANGLE_H. Right-click First Marker text field. Select Marker/Pick from the dro

44、p down menu. Click Arm_cm. Fill Middle Marker text field with MARKER_1 as steps -. Fill Last Marker text field with MARKER_2. Select OK .The measure result appears.3. Cams Design3.1 Problem Description In the cams shown, the radius of the base circle is r0=100mm, the offset is e=20mm, the motion of

45、the follower is described aswhere, h=100mm, F=180o, is the angular translation of the cam and j=30ot. This problem asks for design of the cam. 3.2 Starting Adams and Making Settings. Start Adams (Double-click the shortcut of ADAMS-View). Create a new model. The model name is Cams_Design. Set Working

46、 Grid as along X to 400 and Y to 300, grid spacing for X and Y to 10. Set the Icon size as 20.3.3 Creating Model3.3.1 Creating Follower. Select Cylinder tool in Main Toolbox. Check Length, and enter 15cm in Length text field. Check Radius, and enter 1cm in Radius text field. . Create a cylinder. Sel

47、ect Frustum tool in Main Toolbox. Check Length, and enter 5cm. Check Bottom Radius, and enter 1cm. Check Top Radius, and enter 0.1cm. . Create a Frustum. Select Unit two solids tool. Click cylinder and frustum separately to unite them together. Change its color to Blue. Rename it to Follower. 3.3.2

48、Adjusting Followers Position. Select tool in Main Toolbox. . Move Follower 20mm (=e) along x. . Move Follower 148mm along y. . Select Marker tool in Main Toolbox. Add a marker (MARKER_3) to the end of the follower. Note! MARKER_3s position should be (20,98,0), and .3.3.3 Creating Cam Plan. Select Bo

49、x tool in Main Toolbox. Check Length, and enter 40cm. Check Height, and enter 40cm. Check Depth, and enter 1cm. . Click (-200, -200, 0) position. A box is created and named as PART_3. Rename PART_3 to Cam.3.3.4 Creating JOINT_A. Select Revolute Joint tool. . In Construction field, select 2 Bod-1 Loc

50、 and Normal To Grid. Click the cam plan. Click the ground. Click the center of the cam plan. JOINT_1 is created. Rename JOINT_1 to JOINT_A.3.3.5 Creating JOINT_B. Select Translational Joint tool. In Construction field, select 2 Bod-1 Loc and Pick Feature. Click the follower. Click the ground. Click

51、the center of the follower. Move the cursor upward and click after an arrow appears. JOINT_2 is created. Rename JOINT_2 to JOINT_B.3.3.6 Adding Motions. Select Rotational Joint Motion tool. Click JOINT_A. MOTION_1 is created. Rename MOTION_1 to MOTION_A. Select Translational Joint Motion tool. Click JOINT_B. MOTION_2 is created.3.3.7 Editing MOTION_2. Right-click the MOTION_2. Select Motion: MOTION_2/Modify. Select Type to Veloci