學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4

1、學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ) 醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)Academic English for Medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Unit 4Alternative MedicineWhen you are ill but failed by conventional treatments or suffering chronic conditions, you may try some traditional or alternative therapies as the last resort. What are the merits of such practices? How are they viewe

2、d by researchers in the West? This unit reviews the use of these therapies in the U.S., and discusses the development of integrative medicine in the future.學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Unit 4 Alternative medicineUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CListeningSpeakingWritingGet reading for Unit 5學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Lead-in

3、Issues to be coveredSuggested answers Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Lead-inIssues to be covered 1. Complementary and alternative medicine2. What traditional or alternative therapies can and cannot do 3. The status quo of traditional medicine practices in Western countriesUnit 4 Alternative

4、 medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Lead-inSuggested answersmassageacupuncturehypnosisauscultationinterrogationpulse-takingmeditationqigongdietetic therapyyoga聽(tīng)診法氣功推拿食療瑜伽術(shù)問(wèn)診冥想催眠術(shù)針灸切脈Task work in pairs and match the English terms for some unconventional medical practices in column A with their Chinese equivalents

5、in Column B. Then choose one of these practices, and explain to your partner how it works(or does not work) according to your knowledge and experience.Column AColumn BCHIFAGEDBJUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Useful expressions Dif

6、ficult sentencesLanguage building-up Signpost language Vocabulary testSuggested answersUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation1 Give a brief explanation of the two concepts: complementary medicine and alternative medicine.National Center fo

7、r Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicineComplementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicineAlternative medicine: use of CAM in p

8、lace of conventional medicineUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit42 To what extent do you agree with the authors opinion on traditional Chinese medicine being “affordable, low tech, safe and effective”?Topics for presentationText A Critical reading and thinkingFacilities: simple, inexpensive Tech

9、nology: needles, cups, coinsMost procedures and operations: noninvasive The substances used as medicine: indeed all natural, from nature, raw herbs or abstracts from themEffectiveness: proven and ensured with a long historyThe theories and practices: new light shed with ongoing research around the w

10、orld on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai ChiUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Topics for presentation3 Summarize the clinical uses of acupuncture.Critical reading and thinkingAn adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program forpost-operative and che

11、motherapy induced nausea and vomitingpost-operative dental painaddictionstroke rehabilitationheadachemenstrual crampstennis elbowfibromyalgiamyofascial painosteoarthritislow back paincarpal tunnel syndromeand asthmaUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think

12、the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US? More intense _ Higher _ Greater _ Stronger _ An increasing number of _Critical reading and thinkingresearchadoption of acupunctureinterest by stakeholderspush for coveragephysician acupuncturistsUnit 4 Alternativ

13、e medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US? Research: TCM framework VS Biomedical Modality Future clinical trials that test acupuncture within the framework of traditional Chinese medicine

14、 are likely to provide a more appropriate and clinically meaningful assessment of acupuncture efficacy than the current generation of clinical trials which use a diagnosis framed primarily in biomedical termsCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Topics for prese

15、ntation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US? Research: The right track to follow Unlike drugs, acupuncture is more akin to surgery and physical therapy in terms of therapeutic modalities. For the time being, evidence based on large cas

16、e series should be considered in determining recommendations for clinical practice. Adoption / Use -Proven useful in additional areas -Used not only for treatment but also for prevention and promotion of wellness -Exploration and perfection to be continuedCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternat

17、ive medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Topics for presentation4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US? Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit45 Explain how inappropriate uses of herbs may result in complications. Te

18、xt A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingAppropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance -Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient -Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulasDigression fr

19、om either of the above conditions, misuses of herbs, will result in complications in patientUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit46 Various approaches to herbal study are mentioned in the text. Pick one to discuss the advantages and limitations. Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and t

20、hinkingrandomized controlled trialsquasi-experimentscohort studiescase-control studies“N=1” trialsUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit47. What are the difficulties in investigating herbal therapies?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingDependence of synthesis of evidence on-T

21、he completeness of the literature search (Unavailable for foreign studies)-The accuracy of evaluationNo answers to be found for the questions of interestRequirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit48.What are the factors to consider w

22、hen we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingAssessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in societyResearch and education Political, economic and social factorsUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit48.What are the factors to

23、consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingTwo Approaches in Contrast Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit48.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritic

24、al reading and thinkingTwo Approaches in InteractionUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit48.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Text A Topics for presentationCritical reading and thinkingcombineintegratemergerblendcomplimentharmonizeMake your final comme

25、nts Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Useful expressions Panel conservatively recommended that acupuncture may be used as an adjunct treatment The panel ascertained that acupuncture can be used to treat It is also recommended as an adjunct treatment orCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4

26、 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Useful expressions When appropriately prepared and used, herbs can be safe and effective. Clinical research methodologists should take the theoretical construct and clinical approach of TCM into consideration when designing trials. Research designs such as ra

27、ndomized controlled trials26 have advantages and disadvantages in determining the efficacy of any therapeutic intervention, and can be carried out for botanicals, as seen by a study on herbal formulas for irritable bowel syndrome.Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4T

28、ext A Useful expressions It is essential that researchers and practitioners be educated in both traditional and western medicines in order to perform research appropriately and treat patients effectively.Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Difficult Sentences

29、Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM. 全世界有關(guān)針灸、草藥、按摩和太極拳的持續(xù)研究已闡明了中醫(yī)的有些理論和實(shí)踐。Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4For the time being, evidence based on large case series

30、 should be considered in determining recommendations for clinical practice while evidence derived from more vigorous research designs is being carried out. (Para. 4)盡管來(lái)自更有力研究設(shè)計(jì)的證據(jù)源源不斷，目前，在確定推薦何種臨床操作時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮基于大規(guī)模病例系列研究所取得的證據(jù)。Text A Difficult SentencesCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medi

31、cine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Difficult SentencesThe synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on the completeness of the literature search, which is often not available for foreign studies, as well as the accuracy of evaluation. (Para. 10)綜合證據(jù)除了取決于評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性之外，則完全取決于對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行徹底檢索，而國(guó)外研究的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)通常無(wú)法獲取。Critical re

32、ading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Difficult Sentences Consensus in the real world of health care often requires using information that is less stringent than so-called hard data. (Para.10)現(xiàn)實(shí)中，衛(wèi)生保健界的共識(shí)是利用的信息與所謂的硬指標(biāo)比需要降低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative

33、medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Difficult Sentences On the clinical level, blending involves the integration of the concepts and techniques of the two systems - modern medicines analytical, quantitative, mechanistic approach with the systemic, holistic, individualistic approach of TCM. (Para. 12) 從臨床的層面

34、講，融合就是把兩個(gè)體系的概念和技術(shù)相互結(jié)合，即把現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)所采用的分析、定量及機(jī)械的方法和中醫(yī)所用的系統(tǒng)、整體及個(gè)體化的方法相結(jié)合。Critical reading and thinkingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Difficult Sentences As our graying society falls victim to an increasing number of chronic illnesses (Para. 12) 當(dāng)我們的老齡化社會(huì)日益遭受慢性病侵?jǐn)_之時(shí) Critical reading and think

35、ingUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Language Building-up Signpost Language Comparison Contrastsimilarlylikewisebothsameand alsoresembleparallelsnor comparablesimilar toin the same mannerin the same wayon the other handin/by contrasthoweverwhilewhereasalthoughneverthelessdifferentunlike

36、instead (of)converselyrather thanas opposed tosomewhile othersIn comparison and contrast essays, some special words and expressions are often used to signal comparisons and contrasts. Here are some signals and clue words. Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Language Building-up Vocabulary

37、 Test_medicine(補(bǔ)充醫(yī)學(xué))_medicine (替代醫(yī)學(xué))a medical _(醫(yī)療模式)_and herbs(針灸和草藥)_treatment(輔助治療)_and vomiting(惡心，嘔吐)_dental pain (術(shù)后牙痛)_trails(臨床試驗(yàn))_therapy(物理療法，理療)_modalities(治療方法)a therapeutic_(治療干預(yù))Unit 4 Alternative medicinecomplementaryalternativeparadigmacupunctureadjunctnauseapost-operativeclinicalphy

38、sical therapeuticintervention學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Language Building-up Vocabulary Testresearch_(研究設(shè)計(jì))magnetic _(磁共振)positron _tomography(正電子發(fā)射型計(jì)算機(jī)斷層成像)_effect (止痛效果)biomedical _(生物醫(yī)學(xué)界)_unit(康復(fù)中心)_acupuncturist(持照針灸師)therapeutic_(治療策略)herbal_(草藥配方)a wide _ of complications(各式各樣的并發(fā)癥)_East-West medicine

39、(中西醫(yī)結(jié)合)Unit 4 Alternative medicinedesignstrategiesformulasarrayintegrativeresonanceanalgesiaestablishmentrehabilitationlicensed emission學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Suggested answersTask 1 complete the following diagram that shows the outline of the text.Critical reading and thinkingIntroduction (Paras.1-2)H

40、eightened patient demand of and growing interest in alternative medicineIntegrating various factors and different styles of medical systemEnding (Paras.11-12)Examples (Paras.3-10)AcupunctureHarmonizing TCM and Modern Western MedicineHerbsBackground information (P8)Appropriate research designs (P9)Po

41、inters for clinical practice (P10) Recommended uses (P3) Need for more appropriate assessments (P4)Current research efforts and potential benefits (P5)Future development in the US (P6-P7)Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Task 1/ Medical terminology Match each definition with its corresp

42、onding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition1of or relating to the stomach and intestine2after operation3a disease which causes pain and stiffness in the joints4a disease primarily indicated by noticeable, extensive pain in muscles, tendons, joints, and soft tissues.5of, rela

43、ting to, or for the teethgastrointestinal胃腸道的手術(shù)后的post-operative骨關(guān)節(jié)炎o(hù)steoarthritisfibromyalgia纖維肌痛dental牙的Suggested answersLanguage building-up2Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A EnglishChinese Definition6absence of sensibility to pain7sectional imaging8the oriental art of inserting fine

44、needles into various parts of the body to treat certain types of disorders9of, relating to, or involving the heart and blood vessels10the study of the effects of time and rhythmical phenomena on life processescardiovascular心血管的analgesia止痛tomographyX線斷層攝影（術(shù)）acupuncture針刺療法chronobiology生物鐘學(xué)Task1 / Med

45、ical terminologyMatch each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.Suggested answers2Language building-upUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Task 2 / Signpost language The following sentences are taken from the first four units in this book. All the signpost

46、languages indicating comparison and contrast have been removed. Complete the sentences and then compare your answers with the original sentences in the texts. 1 _drugs, acupuncture is more _ to surgery and physical therapy in terms of therapeutic modalities. (Text A, Unit 4)2 Hence, the evaluation o

47、f evidence for efficacy in acupuncture ought to be _ to these therapeutic interventions. (Text A, Unit 4)3 Lists may help public authorities focus their attention, _their value is limited. (Text A, Unit 2)4 Flu _changes its coat and in turn its level of virulence. (Text A, Unit 2)5 Amazingly, condit

48、ions in some American cities have deteriorated to _ levels. (Text A, Unit 2)Language building-upSuggested answersUnlikeakinsimilarbutlikewisecomparableUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Task 2 / Signpost language The following sentences are taken from the first four units in this book. A

49、ll the signpost languages indicating comparison and contrast have been removed. Complete the sentences and then compare your answers with the original sentences in the texts. 6 A slightly warmer climate combined with deteriorating cities could also enable various diseases that seem exotic today to c

50、ome back. Dengue fever could _become familiar. (Text A, Unit 2)These rates are _to high-incidence countries in North Africa and Asia. (Text B, Unit 2)The medical literature didnt have that information, _ did the registered dietitians with whom I consulted, _ did I see in the food science literature.

51、 (Text B, Unit 2)When her husband held her hand, she not only felt calm,_ her brain circuitry quieted, revealing the biology of emotional rescue. (Text B, Unit 2)7 Some studies suggest that the soy isoflavone supplements may reduce hot flashes in women after menopause, _, the results have been incon

52、sistent.Language building-upSuggested answerslikewisecomparablenornorbuthoweverUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text A Task 3 / Formal EnglishThe following sentences are selected from Text. Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.1 To facilitate research on the effectiveness

53、 of alternative therapies, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) received a budget of $50 million in 1999.(Para. 1)Many patients are using traditional and modern medical paradigms concurrently, creating a need for the appropriate and smooth merger of the two medicine

54、s.( Para. 2)2 The panel ascertained that acupuncture can be used to treat post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, as well as post-operative dental pain. .( Para. 3)Language building-upSuggested answersmakeeasier/ helpmodel/patternfound outUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4

55、Text A Task 3 / Formal EnglishThe following sentences are selected from Text. Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.Hence, the evaluation of evidence for efficacy in acupuncture ought to be similar to these therapeutic interventions. .( Para. 4)In elucidating the mechanisms of ac

56、upuncture and exploring its role in a variety of situations, innovative techniques such as FMRI,PET, SPECT, and MEG are beginning to be utilized. .( Para. 5)6 In time, those who do not embrace acupuncture will be at a disadvantage. .( Para. 6)Language building-upSuggested answersexplaining eagerly a

57、ccept effectivenessUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Group presentation Acupuncture anesthesia has been a useful working method for local or regional anesthesia in China. Work in small groups and explore the media and literature for information about this subject in the following aspects:1. hi

58、story 2. clinical uses3. efficacy4. advantages 5. procedure Text A Additional activityUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text BCritical reading and thinkingLanguage building-upSuggested answersUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text B Critical Reading and ThinkingLets start with a video cl

59、ip Acupuncture Benefit for Real or Placebo EffectUnit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text B Critical Reading and Thinking1. James Restons experience in Beijing in 1971 (P99) suffering from acute abdominal paindiagnosed with acute appendicitisundergoing successful appendectomyexperiencing two day

60、s of severe, persistent abdominal painpain relieved by thin needles within one hourWrite down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 4 Alternative medicine學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(醫(yī)學(xué))Unit4Text B Critical Reading and Thinking1. James Restons experience in Beijing in 197