英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)詞匯、語(yǔ)法終稿pot

1、LOGOLOGO英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試詞匯語(yǔ)法篇Company Logo完型填空1. 考試大綱要求：能在全面理解所給內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇一個(gè)最佳答案使短文意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。完型填空采用多項(xiàng)選擇題，共20題（1996至2004年期間的試題為15個(gè)空），考試時(shí)間15分鐘。短文長(zhǎng)度約250個(gè)單詞，難度中等，題材為學(xué)生所熟悉。測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的綜合能力。完型填空項(xiàng)目原始分20分，所占總分比重為10%。2. 歷年考試與考點(diǎn)分析 完型填空涉及的文章體裁較廣泛，包括英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的地理歷史、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、科技成果等。主要測(cè)試三類(lèi)題：語(yǔ)法題、詞匯題和上下文線索題。Company Logo完型填空年份年份

2、969798992000010203040506詞匯題詞匯題 9 12 13 13 10 10 9 12 8 14 12語(yǔ)法題語(yǔ)法題 3 3 0 13 2 3 2 1 0 3上下文上下文線索題線索題 3 0 2 1 2 3 3 1 6 6 Company Logo語(yǔ)法與詞匯 1. 考試大綱要求： 能靈活、正確地運(yùn)用教學(xué)大綱語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)表一級(jí)至四級(jí)的全部?jī)?nèi)容，掌握大綱規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)階段認(rèn)知詞匯（5500-6000），并且能正確、熟練地運(yùn)用其中3000-4000個(gè)單詞及其最基本的搭配。 測(cè)試時(shí)間為15分鐘，題型為多項(xiàng)選擇題，共30道題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，其中50%為詞匯、詞組和短語(yǔ)用法題，其余為語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)題

3、。測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)以及基本語(yǔ)法概念的能力。語(yǔ)法與詞匯項(xiàng)目原始分30分，所占總分比重為15%。Company Logo語(yǔ)法與詞匯 2. 歷年考試與考點(diǎn)分析 語(yǔ)法部分 根據(jù)下面分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，歷年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法與詞匯部分中的語(yǔ)法試題主要圍繞著10項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。其中，考試重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)集中在從屬分句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的應(yīng)用上。Company Logo題型題型年份年份從屬?gòu)膶俜志浞志浞侵^非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞虛擬虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)冠詞冠詞/代詞代詞附加附加疑問(wèn)疑問(wèn)句句倒裝倒裝并列并列結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)其他其他總計(jì)總計(jì)1996441111

4、1199732319199862111019997221122000321111920016118200261211112003621111113200432311111200532312311520063131211114總計(jì)總計(jì)501720610641313121所占所占比重比重41.32%14.05%16.53%4.96%8.26%4.96%3.31%0.83%2.48%0.83%2.48%Company Logo語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法主謂一致主謂一致 1. The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastic

5、ally in recent times. (2006 TEM4-62) A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove 2. _of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. (2002-42) A. None B. Both C. Neither D. AllD CCompany Logo主謂一致主謂一致 要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)隨前一致：隨前一致： n. + together with n2 as well as；including；along with；with /

6、 of；accompanied with / by 就近原則：就近原則：n1 or n2 +v（就近原則）（就近原則） either n1 or n2 可數(shù)可數(shù)n1 and 可數(shù)可數(shù)n2+v(pl) 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)n1 and 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)n2+v(pl) 例外：例外：war and peace iswar and peace是一個(gè)整體是一個(gè)整體 但是如果主語(yǔ)表示的是同一個(gè)概念，同一人，同一事的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單但是如果主語(yǔ)表示的是同一個(gè)概念，同一人，同一事的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特征是數(shù)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特征是and連接的兩個(gè)詞只有一個(gè)冠詞。連接的兩個(gè)詞只有一個(gè)冠詞。The iron an

7、d steel industry is very important to our country.The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.類(lèi)似的還有：類(lèi)似的還有：law and order；bread and butter；black and white；To love and to be loved is ；A lawyer and a teacher are；A lawyer and teacher is 隨后原則：

8、隨后原則：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(與與B一致一致) 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)：百分比結(jié)構(gòu)：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent of+n1+v.（由（由n1決定）決定）Company Logo語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)1. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him. (2005 TEM4-60)A. betrayedtake B. had betrayedtook

9、 C. has betrayedtook D. had betrayedtake2. How can I ever concentrate if you _ continually _ me with silly questions? (1997)A. have interrupted B. had interruptedC. are interrupting D. were interruptingB CCompany Logo語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 3. Come and see me whenever _. (97) A. you are convenient B. you will be c

10、onvenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to Company Logo時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn) 1. 掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞 如：與完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：all this while, all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet等 2. 掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法掌握不同時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when, until, after, be

11、fore, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 條件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 正在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。具有這種語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于過(guò)渡性動(dòng)詞。即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。常用動(dòng)詞有：go, leave, come, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop等。

12、Company Logo時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn) 3. 記住不同時(shí)態(tài)的典型句型記住不同時(shí)態(tài)的典型句型 在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+that的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： It isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation. 在no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen/before 句型中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. Company Logo非謂語(yǔ)

13、非謂語(yǔ) 1._ is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001) A. To be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall 2. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004) A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treat

14、ed 3. He resented _ to wait. He expected the minister _ him at once. (1995) A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to see C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeingD B BCompany Logo真題真題 1. Whats the chance of _ a general election this year? (2005-61) A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. t

15、here going to be 2. Considering the dangerous situation, they asked for _ another meeting. A. there beB. there to beC. there beingD. there wasA BCompany Logo非謂語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)不定式不定式 (infinitive) 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 （gerund） 分詞分詞 （participle） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Company Logo非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn) 1. 熟悉用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：熟悉用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞： advise a

16、llow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess get hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urg

17、e warn ask beg expect intend pretend say teach want 2. 熟悉熟悉 “動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞doing”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞： resent understand suggest stand resent postpone pardon permit necessitate mind miss mention involve include imagine finish favour forbid excuse escape enjoy acknowledge advice advocate appreciate avoid consider c

18、omplete confess delay deny Company Logo非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn) 3. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用的句型不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用的句型 (1) in order to和so as to do(以便，為了): (2)tooto do(非常 以至于不能) (3) enough to do(足以做) (4)only to do(不料卻) 4. 現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞弄清邏輯主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞弄清邏輯主語(yǔ) (1). _ many times, he still didnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though to be t

19、oldC. Having told D. He was told (2). _ many times, but he still didnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he was toldC. To have been told D. He was Company Logo非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn) 5.熟悉獨(dú)立主格熟悉獨(dú)立主格 22.Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003) A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D.

20、Company Logo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 57. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I _ the journey in exactly two days. 2005 A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make 56 Loud speakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech. 2006 A ought to h

21、ave B must have C may have D should haveC CC C Company Logo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞3. - She must be in the dormitory now.- No, she _ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago. (1994-59)A. mustnt B. cant C. couldnt D. wouldnt 4. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally.1998A. need not hav

22、e dressed up B. must not have dressed upC. did not need to dress up D. must not dress upWe _ his luggage; his brother carried it himself.A. neednt have carried B. didnt need carryingC. needed to have carriedD. didnt need to carryB A DCompany Logo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)1. 掌握不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)意義掌握不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)意義 表示可能性時(shí)，Can 往

23、往指邏輯上的可能性May表示可能則指事實(shí)上的可能性。 1) According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow. 2) Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong. should有竟然之意 I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in. A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you

24、were thinking2.表示推測(cè)時(shí)可能性大小：表示推測(cè)時(shí)可能性大?。篗ight-may-could-can-should-ought to-would-will-Company Logo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn) 3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式的意義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式的意義must (not) have done表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的判斷判斷，中文常表，中文常表達(dá)為：達(dá)為：準(zhǔn)是準(zhǔn)是It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.（昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨（昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨了，地上濕漉漉的。）了，地上濕漉漉的。）should (not) have don

25、e / ought (not) to have done表示表示事與愿違事與愿違，中文，中文常表達(dá)為：常表達(dá)為：（不）（不）該該，本（不）本（不）該該The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to) have let him play with the scissors. (孩孩子傷得很厲害；她不該讓他玩子傷得很厲害；她不該讓他玩剪刀。剪刀。)may / can (not) have done表示表示本（不）可能本（不）可能 She may have known the news; she is crying. （她可能已經(jīng)知（她可能已經(jīng)知道那

26、個(gè)消息了；她在哭。）道那個(gè)消息了；她在哭。） need (not) have done表示表示本（不）需要本（不）需要You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one. （你實(shí)際上沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)那（你實(shí)際上沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)那本字典；我有一本多余的。）本字典；我有一本多余的。）Company Logo情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn) 4. 幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？嫉木湫?(1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近。如：Since the flight was cancelled, you mi

27、ght as well go by train. (2)cannot/canttoo “越越好，怎么也不過(guò)分”。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannotover。如：You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. (3)usednt或didnt use to為used to (do)的否定式。Company Logo虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣63. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should,

28、have D. In case, had54.If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving60.He would have finished his college education, but he _to quit and find a job to support his family. A.had

29、had B.has C.had D.would haveC A CCompany Logo虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn) 1. 注意含蓄條件句注意含蓄條件句: so that, or, unless, in case, lest, for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, suppose, if only; but for要不是，倘若沒(méi)有, but that要不是，倘若沒(méi)有, without要不是，倘若沒(méi)有, except for要不是 2. 錯(cuò)綜條件句錯(cuò)綜條件句 If I were you, I wouldnt have missed

30、the film last night. （現(xiàn)在過(guò)去） 3. 省略省略if 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were或助動(dòng)詞did，had，should 移到句首構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件從句的另一種句型，其意思不變。 Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park 如果能抽出時(shí)間，我們很樂(lè)意逛公園。Company Logo虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn) 4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要句型虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要句型 1) had hoped引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。 47. I had hoped that Joh

31、n _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend 2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中 A用用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)：過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用were）。）。 B用用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)：表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)：would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 Cwish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)：望時(shí)：had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或c

32、ould, would + have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。 Company Logo虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn) 3) Its (high, about) time that 句型中句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。 Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _? A) we are going home B) we go home C) we went home D) we can go home 4) would rather, would as soon, w

33、ould sooner, just as soon和和would prefer所引導(dǎo)所引導(dǎo)的從句中要求用過(guò)去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況，用的從句中要求用過(guò)去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況。 Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A) dont B) wouldnt C) didnt D) Company Logo從句從句 46. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. A. In

34、stead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions 44. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than _. A. is necessary B. being necessary C. to be necessary D. it is necessary Company Logo從

35、句從句 44. There is no doubt _the company has made the right decision on the sales project. A. why B. that C. whether D. when 52. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. A. which B. that C. who D. whom Company Logo從句從句 1. Men differ from animals _ they

36、 can think and speak. (2008-54) A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which 2_ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008-55) A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though Company Logo從句要點(diǎn)從句要點(diǎn) 從句可分為：從句可分為： 名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同名詞性

37、從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句位語(yǔ)從句 形容詞性從句：形容詞性從句：定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 副詞性從句：狀語(yǔ)從句包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀副詞性從句：狀語(yǔ)從句包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)從從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句。句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句。 v ?？嫉年P(guān)系代詞：?？嫉年P(guān)系代詞：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。 v 常見(jiàn)的同位語(yǔ)從句先行詞常見(jiàn)的同位語(yǔ)從句先行詞(tha

38、t之前的抽象名詞之前的抽象名詞)：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, Company Logo語(yǔ)法策略語(yǔ)法策略 1全面掌握基本語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)記住各個(gè)項(xiàng)全面掌握基本語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)記住各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的目中的“偏，特，難偏，特，難”點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 2注意在閱讀中培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，因?yàn)樵谡Z(yǔ)篇層注意在閱讀中培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感，因?yàn)樵谡Z(yǔ)篇層次上培養(yǎng)的語(yǔ)感往往可以直接幫助答題次上培養(yǎng)的語(yǔ)感往往可以直接幫助答題 3研究以往考試試題，適當(dāng)做些練習(xí)記住研究以往考試試題，適當(dāng)做些練習(xí)記住典型題例典型題例 Company Logo詞匯部分 題型

39、題型 年份年份固定搭配固定搭配動(dòng)詞辨析動(dòng)詞辨析形容詞副詞形容詞副詞辨析辨析名詞辨析名詞辨析總計(jì)總計(jì)1996 6 24 3 151997 4 5 3 4 161998 4 3 4 4 151999 6 3 4 2 162000 4 4 5 3 162001 9 3 4 4 202002 1 2 9 3 152003 4 2 5 2 132004 3 5 5 2 152005 3 4 4 5 162006 2 7 3 3 15總計(jì)總計(jì) 46 40 50 35 171百分比百分比 26.90% 23.39% 29.24% 20.47% /從從1996至至2006年歷年的考試真題來(lái)看，詞匯部分的題目數(shù)

40、量在年歷年的考試真題來(lái)看，詞匯部分的題目數(shù)量在13道至道至20道范圍之內(nèi)，道范圍之內(nèi)，四類(lèi)題型（固定搭配、動(dòng)詞辨析、形容詞副詞辨析、名詞辨析）的比例大致持平。四類(lèi)題型（固定搭配、動(dòng)詞辨析、形容詞副詞辨析、名詞辨析）的比例大致持平。Company Logo怎么辦？怎么辦？ 擴(kuò)大詞匯量 了解重點(diǎn)詞匯細(xì)微區(qū)別Company LogoHow many words are there in English?Two separate studies (Dupuy, 1974; Goulden, Nation and Read, 1990) have looked at the vocabulary of

41、Websters Third International Dictionary (1963), the largest non-historical dictionary of English when it was published. When compound words, archaic words, abbreviations, proper names, alternative spellings and dialect forms are excluded, and when words are classified into word families consisting o

42、f a base word, inflected forms, and transparent derivations, Websters 3rd has a vocabulary of around 54,000 word families. This is a learning goal far beyond the reaches of second language learners and, as we shall see, most native Company LogoHow many words do native speakers know?At present the be

43、st conservative rule of thumb that we have is that up to a vocabulary size of around 20,000 word families, we should expect that native speakers will add roughly 1000 word families a year to their vocabulary size. That means that a five year old beginning school will have a vocabulary of around 4000

44、 to 5000 word families. A university graduate will have a vocabulary of around 20,000 word families (Goulden, Nation and Read, 1990). These figures are very rough and there is likely to be very large variation between individuals. These figures exclude proper names, compound words, abbreviations, an

45、d foreign words. A word family is taken to include a base word, its inflected forms, and a small number of reasonably regular derived forms (Bauer and Nation, 1993). Company LogoHow much vocabulary does a second language learner need Clearly the learner needs to know the 3,000 or so high frequency w

46、ords of the language. These are an immediate high priority and there is little sense in focusing on other vocabulary until these are well learned. Nation (1990) argues that after these high frequency words are learned, the next focus for the teacher is on helping the learners develop strategies to c

47、omprehend and learn the low frequency words of the language. Company Logo如何擴(kuò)大詞匯量？如何擴(kuò)大詞匯量？ 1. 詞根、詞綴記憶法詞根、詞綴記憶法 2.通過(guò)比較音形辨別識(shí)記法記憶單詞通過(guò)比較音形辨別識(shí)記法記憶單詞 3.組合搭配記憶法組合搭配記憶法 4. 閱讀記憶法閱讀記憶法 5.看電影記單詞看電影記單詞 6. 聯(lián)想記憶法聯(lián)想記憶法Company Logo前綴記憶法前綴記憶法 前綴前綴(prefix),就是附加在詞根前面的部分就是附加在詞根前面的部分,具有一定的含義具有一定的含義,通常改變?cè)~的意義而不改變通常改變?cè)~的意義而不

48、改變?cè)~類(lèi)。前綴詞類(lèi)。前綴prefix這個(gè)詞本身就是由前綴這個(gè)詞本身就是由前綴pre- (前前)加詞根加詞根fix(固定固定,綴綴)構(gòu)成的。前構(gòu)成的。前綴在構(gòu)詞中的地位和作用僅次于詞根。同一綴在構(gòu)詞中的地位和作用僅次于詞根。同一前綴前綴pre-可以在許多不同的詞中出現(xiàn)。可以在許多不同的詞中出現(xiàn)。Company Logo前綴記憶法前綴記憶法1、表示時(shí)間順序關(guān)系的前綴、表示時(shí)間順序關(guān)系的前綴,如如:ante-(前前),ex-(前前任任),post- 后后),pre-(前前,先先),re-(又又,再再),fore-(預(yù)先預(yù)先)。ante-war(戰(zhàn)前的戰(zhàn)前的),ex-president(前任總前任總統(tǒng)

49、統(tǒng)),postwar(戰(zhàn)后的戰(zhàn)后的),pre-fabricate(預(yù)先構(gòu)思預(yù)先構(gòu)思),recall(召回召回),foretell(預(yù)言預(yù)言)2、表示否定意義的前綴、表示否定意義的前綴(1)純否定意義的前綴有純否定意義的前綴有in-,dis-,non-,un-等等,表示表示“無(wú)無(wú),非非,不不”之意之意,informal(非正式的非正式的),dishonest(不誠(chéng)實(shí)的不誠(chéng)實(shí)的),non-effective(無(wú)效力的無(wú)效力的),uncomfortable.(不舒服的不舒服的)等。等。(2)表示錯(cuò)誤意義的前綴有表示錯(cuò)誤意義的前綴有mis-,(誤誤,惡惡),mal-(壞壞)等等mis-understa

50、nd (誤解誤解),malediction(誹謗誹謗)等。等。(3)表示相反動(dòng)作的前綴有表示相反動(dòng)作的前綴有dis-(否定否定,相反相反),de-(離開(kāi)離開(kāi),除除去去),un-(不不,無(wú)無(wú))等等,disconnect(拆開(kāi)拆開(kāi),割斷割斷),decentralize(分散分散), unpack(打開(kāi)包裹打開(kāi)包裹)等。等。Company Logo前綴記憶法前綴記憶法3、表示程度差別的前綴有、表示程度差別的前綴有super-(超過(guò)超過(guò)),out-(超過(guò)超過(guò)),sub-(次次,亞亞,低低),over-(過(guò)度過(guò)度),extra-(超出超出),ultra-(外外,極極)。supermarket(超級(jí)市場(chǎng)超

51、級(jí)市場(chǎng)),outlive(比比長(zhǎng)壽長(zhǎng)壽), subatomic(亞原子的亞原子的),overburden(負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)度負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)度), extraordinary(非凡非凡),ultramodern(極現(xiàn)代的極現(xiàn)代的)等。等。4、表示空間、表示空間,方面方面,位置關(guān)系的前綴有位置關(guān)系的前綴有in-(向內(nèi)向內(nèi)),trans-(轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)移,橫橫過(guò)過(guò)),inter-(在在之間之間,相互相互),sub-(在在下下)等。等。例詞例詞:inside(內(nèi)部?jī)?nèi)部),transplant (移植移植),interact(相互作相互作用用),subway(地地鐵鐵)等。等。5、表示數(shù)量關(guān)系的前綴有、表示數(shù)量關(guān)系的前綴有bi

52、-(雙雙),tri-(三三),multi-(多多),uni-(單單),semi-(半半)等。等。例詞例詞:bilingual(兩種語(yǔ)言的兩種語(yǔ)言的),triangle(三角形三角形), multilateral(多邊的多邊的), unicycle(獨(dú)輪車(chē)獨(dú)輪車(chē)),semi-circle(半半圓圓)等。等。6、表示態(tài)度的前綴有、表示態(tài)度的前綴有com-(共同共同),co-(共同共同),anti-(防防),counter-(反反), pro-(親親)等。等。例詞例詞:compatriot(同胞同胞),collaborate(合作合作),anti-fascist(反法西斯反法西斯),countera

53、ct(抵抗抵抗),pro-British(親英的親英的)等。等。Company Logo前綴記憶法前綴記憶法 7、其他可引起詞類(lèi)改變的前綴有、其他可引起詞類(lèi)改變的前綴有en-,a-,out-等等 (1)前綴前綴en-可以加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞可以加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞 例詞例詞:enslave(奴役奴役),endanger(危危害害),enlarge(擴(kuò)大擴(kuò)大)等。等。 (2)前綴前綴a-加在動(dòng)詞、名詞前可構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞加在動(dòng)詞、名詞前可構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞 例詞例詞:asleep(睡著的睡著的),aboard(在船在船上上),aside(旁邊旁邊),ashore(岸上岸上)等。等。Co

54、mpany Logo前綴記憶法前綴記憶法(3)前綴前綴out-加在一些不及物動(dòng)詞前可構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞或名詞加在一些不及物動(dòng)詞前可構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞或名詞a、構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞如、構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞如:outshine(照得比照得比更更), outlive(比比長(zhǎng)命長(zhǎng)命),outweigh(重過(guò)重過(guò)), outrun(比比.跑得快跑得快)等。等。b、構(gòu)成名詞、構(gòu)成名詞,如如:outcome(結(jié)果結(jié)果),outlet(出出口口),outlook(眼界眼界)等。等。8、一些次要的前綴、一些次要的前綴,如如:with(后后,背離背離),hemi- with-(向向(半半),mono-(單單,一一)poly-(多多,復(fù)復(fù))

55、centi-(百分之一百分之一,一一百百),milli-(毫毫)等。等。例詞例詞:withdraw(撤回撤回),hemisphere(半半球球),monosyllable(單音節(jié)詞單音節(jié)詞),polygamy(多配偶制多配偶制),centimetre(厘厘米米),milligram(毫克毫克)等。等。LOGOLOGO數(shù)字前綴數(shù)字前綴Company Logouni-和和mono- unicorn Unicycle uniform unilateral union unilateral Unique universe monogamy Monolingual Monoxide monologue

56、monoplane monomolecular monotonous獨(dú)角獸，獨(dú)角獸，馬戲演員騎的獨(dú)輪車(chē)，馬戲演員騎的獨(dú)輪車(chē)， 統(tǒng)一的制服，統(tǒng)一的制服， 單邊的，單邊的，聯(lián)盟、聯(lián)盟、一致、一致、唯一唯一宇宙宇宙 一夫一妻制，一夫一妻制，單語(yǔ)的，單語(yǔ)的，一氧化碳一氧化碳獨(dú)白獨(dú)白 單翼飛機(jī)單翼飛機(jī);單分子的單分子的單調(diào)的單調(diào)的; 無(wú)變化的無(wú)變化的Company Logobi-和和di- bilingual (a.)兩種語(yǔ)言的；兩種語(yǔ)言的； biweekly. (a; n.) 雙周一次的，雙周刊；雙周一次的，雙周刊； bilateral (a.)雙邊的雙邊的 dioxide (n.)二氧化物；二氧化物

57、； dialogue (n.)對(duì)話；對(duì)話； dilemma (n.)進(jìn)退兩難，困境進(jìn)退兩難，困境 Company Logo tri- tricycle三輪車(chē)，三輪車(chē)， trilogy三部曲，三部曲，tripod三角形，三角形， trinity三位三位體體 Company Logoquadr- quadrangle (n.)四邊形；四邊形； quadruple (a.)四倍的；四倍的； quadrate (n.)正方形；正方形； quadrilateral (a.)四邊的四邊的 ， quadrille方陣舞，方陣舞， quadratic巨方形的，巨方形的， quadruped四足動(dòng)物四足動(dòng)物Co

58、mpany Logopent (a)-；quin- pentathlon (n.)五項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)；五項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)； pentameter (n.)五音步詩(shī)行；五音步詩(shī)行； Pentagon 五角大樓五角大樓 quintuplets五胞胎，五胞胎， quintet五重唱，五重唱，Company Logosex-，hex- sextet (a.)六重唱，六重奏；六重唱，六重奏； sexcentenary (n.; a.)六百年（的）；六百年（的）； sextuple (a.)六倍的六倍的 hexagon六邊形六邊形 hexameter六步格（詩(shī)）六步格（詩(shī)） Company Logosept- septenn

59、ate (n.)七年的任期七年的任期; septangle (n.)七角形；七角形； septuple (a.) 七倍的的Company Logooct(o)- octopus章魚(yú)，章魚(yú)，October Company Logonon- nonagon九邊形九邊形, November Company Logodeca-， decameter (n.)十米；十米； decagram (n.)十克；十克； decade (n.)十年；十年； decathlon (n.)十項(xiàng)全能十項(xiàng)全能 December Company Logo識(shí)別記憶同音異形異義詞識(shí)別記憶同音異形異義詞bear(熊熊)bare

60、(裸露的裸露的), been (be的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式)bean(蠶豆蠶豆), meetmeat, blew (blow的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式)blue, cellarseller, higherhire (雇用雇用), writeright ,breadbred (breed的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式),deardeer(鹿鹿), fined (fine的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式)find, flour(面粉面粉)flower , hallhaul(拖拖,曳曳), fir(冷冷卻卻)fur(毛皮毛皮),Grown (grow的過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞)groan(呻吟呻吟),hairhare(野野兔兔),him(賓格他賓格他