[英語(yǔ)考試]大學(xué)英語(yǔ)B級(jí)語(yǔ)法部分網(wǎng)考輔導(dǎo)2

1、 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)B網(wǎng)考輔導(dǎo) 語(yǔ)法精講與樣題分析 主講 曾仲賢 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分 詞不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞 語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done分詞一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的三種形式 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1、哪些動(dòng)詞接不定式，哪些接動(dòng)名詞，哪些動(dòng)詞即可接不定式，又可接

2、動(dòng)名詞，但是詞義不同。2、不定式、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及其時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。3、不定式符號(hào)to的省略與否。4、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。1、接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, hope, manage, refuse, offer, pretend等。55. He _ to arrange a loan through a finance company. (test 1) A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. endeavoredc考點(diǎn)分析：succeed (in) doing sth, endea

3、vor to do sth表示“嘗試、試圖，而magage to do sth表示“設(shè)法做某事2、不定式中的to是否省略1)感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch 以及使役動(dòng)詞have, let, make等動(dòng)詞后，不定式不帶to,但是，當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式要加上to.如：Mum makes me eat eggs every day. Im made to eat eggs every day (by mum). 2)不定式用作介詞but和except的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其前有do的某種形式，不定式不帶to,否那

4、么不定式要帶to.如： 46. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _the police. (test 4) A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in 49.They talked in whispers, but still, I couldnt help but _ their conversation. (test 5) A. overhear B. to overhear C. overhearing D. overheardAD注意：在but構(gòu)成的習(xí)

5、慣用語(yǔ)中不帶to: can not help but do(不得不can do nothing but docan not choose but docan not do anything but do(只能做) 3)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如：had better, would rather than之后不用to, 動(dòng)詞help后，to可帶可不帶。 3、以下動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組后只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1)admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, consider, escape, enjoy, finish, mind, practise, risk, suggest52. I dont kn

6、ow why she avoids _ his opinion on the subject. (Test 3) A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being givenc50. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she_ in excellent health. (Test 6) A. be B. is C. was D. werec2) cant help, cant stand, give up, feel like, put off, be busy, have difficulty /trouble (i

7、n), have a good/wonderful/hard time, be used to, see to, be opposed to, be sentenced to, admit to, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to46. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _ for her exam. (Test 1) A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. prepa

8、ring D. being preparedc57. I _ going to the doctor, but I wish I hadnt. (Test 1) A. pick out B. make out C. give off D. put offd46. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. (Test 6) A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. w

9、ere objected to havinga4、1)以下動(dòng)詞或詞組后既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上又區(qū)別，要特別注意。forget / rememberto do sth 忘記/記住去做某事 doing sth 忘記/記住已做某事53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closedastop to do sth 停下來(lái)接著做另一件事doing sth

10、停止做某事 try to do sth 努力/試圖做某事doing sth 嘗試著做某事 mean go onto do sth 意欲/想/企圖做某事doing sth 意味著做某事to do sth 做完某事接著做另一件事doing sth 繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on with sth)2) 動(dòng)詞need, require, want和be worth need/require/wantdoing/to be donesb. to do sth.The window needs/requires/wantscleaning.to be cleaned. be worth+n.doing T

11、he place is worth visiting.(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。 5、分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞 1區(qū)別：掌握八個(gè)字。 分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞：被動(dòng)、完成 2過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式都可以表示被動(dòng)的意義，但各自的時(shí)間的概念不同：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成或已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，還未完成。46. Air pollution _, this city is still a good place to live in. (Test 3) A. being greatly reduced B. greatly being reduced C. to greatly

12、reduce D. greatly to reducea47. Many Americans worry about leisure and hurry from one activity to the next, _ little time to stop and think. (Test 3) A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leaveb54. Cambridge has announced plans to establish a business school _the masters degree in the business administr

13、ation. (Test 3) A. representing B. offering C. presenting D. supplyingb考點(diǎn)分析：represent的意思是“代表， offer 意為“提供，present意為“提出 ， supply意為“供給53. _ such a good chance, he planed to learn more. (Test 5) A. Giving B. Having given C. Having been given D. To be givencIf he_ such a good chance, he planed to learn

14、more. A. was giving B. had given C. had been given D. was to give52. Having been asked to speak at the convention _. (Test 6) A. some notes were prepared for Dr. Smith B. Smith prepared some notes C. The convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. Some notes were prepared by Dr. Smithb49. T

15、he concert usually takes place at the Peoples Square, with the audience _ on the ground. (Test 1) A. seating B. seated C. be seating D. to seatb二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞重點(diǎn)掌握“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)的用法 1. must + have done: 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的一種肯定的推測(cè)，意為“肯定“一定。 2. may (might) + have done: 用于肯定和否認(rèn)句，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的是事情的推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于“可能“大概，但不太肯定。 3. should

16、(ought to) +have done: 該結(jié)構(gòu)一般用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，肯定句表過(guò)去沒(méi)有發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生的事，譯為“本應(yīng)；否認(rèn)句表示過(guò)去發(fā)生了本不該發(fā)生的事，譯為“本不該。 47. Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we _ at him. (Test 4) A. ought to have laughed B. oughtnt to have laughed C. ought to laugh D. should not to laughb 47. Five minutes earlier, _ we could have caught the last

17、train. A. and B. or C. so D. butc 5. neednt + have done: 表示不必做的事卻做了， 可譯為“其實(shí)不必 4. could (not) + have done: 表過(guò)去的時(shí)間，說(shuō)明某事可能不可能發(fā)生；肯定句表示某事過(guò)去本可以做但卻未做；否認(rèn)句表示某事過(guò)去本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做但做了。二虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中 4、在It is (high) time (that)句型中，也需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。

18、 5、用于if only引導(dǎo)的句中。 構(gòu) 主 從 成 句時(shí)態(tài)虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be 動(dòng)詞用were）主語(yǔ)+should /would /could /might+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ)+had +過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+should /would /could /might +have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 If + 主語(yǔ)+were to do If + 主語(yǔ)+should do 主語(yǔ)+should /would /could /might+動(dòng)詞原形 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中53. If I had

19、 remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closeda50. If the whole program _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (Test 1) A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not

20、 been plannedd 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用49. We desire that the tour leader _ us imme-diadately of any changes in plan. (Test 4) A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informeda 當(dāng)suggest, propose, desire, advice等含有建議的意思時(shí)，that從句習(xí)慣用should)+動(dòng)詞原形50. Her wish was that he _ at Beijing Univer-sity at once. (Test 5)

21、 A. studies B. studied C. study D. will studyc 考點(diǎn)分析：在would rather、would prefer后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成為動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。49. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they inves-tigate the situation. (Test 6) A. dont do B. didnt do C. would not do D. dob 在It is +形容詞或過(guò)去分詞或特定的名詞+

22、that的主語(yǔ)從句中： 形容詞有：advisable, desirable, essential, impor-tant, necessary, normal, strange 過(guò)去分詞有：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, required, suggested 特定的名詞有：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, wish, proposal, idea48. This is very difficult operation. It is essential that you _ for emergency. (Test 6) A. are to be prepared B. would prepared C. be prepared D. must be preparedc 3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中54. Determined to _ as if everything were normal, he responded with a