CCNA培訓課件3、第三課：IP 編址與子網(wǎng)化

1、第三課IP 編址與子網(wǎng)化編址與子網(wǎng)化q斷點連接需要確定的地址q路徑選擇TCP/IP地址介紹172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1IP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost32 bitsIP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 1

2、1111111 11111111Binary32 bits18 916 1724 2532128643216842112864321684211286432168421IP 地 址 255255 255 255DottedDecimalMaximumNetworkHost1286432168421 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100Binary32 bits 172 16 122 204ExampleDecimalExampleBinary18 916 1724 253212864321

3、6842112864321684211286432168421nClass A: nClass B: nClass C: nClass D: 多播地址 nClass E: 科研用IP 地址分類NetworkHostHostHostNetwork NetworkHostHostNetwork Network NetworkHost8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bitsIP 地址分類1Class A:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost8 916 1724 2532Range (1-126)1Class B:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost8 916

4、 1724 2532Range (128-191)1Class C:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost8 916 17242532Range (192-223)1Class D:Bits:1110MMMMMulticast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group8 916 17242532Range (224-239)主機地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機.網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡端口端口172.16.0.0

5、10.0.0.0E0E1路由表路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E0 11111111計算可用的主機地址 172 16 0 0 10101100 00010000 00000000 0000000016151413121110 987654321網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機 00000000 00000001 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110. 00000000 00000011 11111101123655346553565536-.265534N2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534IP地址分類練習地址地址類別類別網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機10.2.1.1128

6、.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP地址分類練習（答案）地址地址類別類別網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16n網(wǎng)絡 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0不設(shè)子網(wǎng)的地址172.1

7、6.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3.172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254n網(wǎng)絡 172.16.0.0設(shè)置子網(wǎng)的地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子網(wǎng)地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡端口端口172.16.0.0172.16.0.0E0E1新路由表新路由表 2160主機主機.172.16.3.1E1子網(wǎng)地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2

8、172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機.網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡端口端口172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1新路由表新路由表子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)掩碼1721600255255002552552550IPAddressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16” 表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有16位位.“/24”表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有24位位. 11111111

9、 111111110000000000000000十進制和二進制的轉(zhuǎn)換10000000=12811000000=19211100000=22411110000=24011111000=24811111100=25211111110=25411111111=255128 643216842116網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000n缺省情況下子網(wǎng)未劃分00000010缺省情況下的子網(wǎng)掩碼172.16.2.160 255.255.0.

10、0網(wǎng)絡號網(wǎng)絡號n擴展了8位地址的網(wǎng)絡利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng)16網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機172.16.2.160 255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡號網(wǎng)絡號128192224240248252254255利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)絡主機主機172.16.2.160 255.255.255.1921010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100001111111

11、10000001010100000110000001000000000000010子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)n擴展了10位地址的網(wǎng)絡161722128網(wǎng)絡好網(wǎng)絡好128192224240248252254255128192224240248252254255子網(wǎng)掩碼練習地址地址子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼類別類別子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子網(wǎng)掩碼練習（答案）地址地址子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼類別類別子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.

12、240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0廣播地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255(Directed broadcast)255.255.255.255(Local network broadcast)172.16.255.255(All subnets broadcast)地址匯總示例16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.25

13、5.255.19241地址匯總示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160地址匯總示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921237161722160地址匯總示例1

14、01011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160地址匯總示例10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722

15、160地址匯總示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址匯總示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLast

16、First172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160地址匯總示例10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.2

17、55.19212345678161722160地址匯總示例10101100111111111010110000010000111111110001000011111111000000101010000011000000100000000000001010101100000100000000001010111111101011000001000000000010 1000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192172.16.2.128172.16.

18、2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160IP Host Address: 172.16.2.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0nSubnet Address = 172.16.2.0nHost Addresses = 172.16.2.1172.16.2.254nBroadcast Address = 172.16.2.255nEight bits of subnettingNetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.25

19、5.0:1010110011111111Subnet: 1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000B類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃Broadcast:Network子網(wǎng)劃分Other subnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820 子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)5 主機主機/子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)C類地址：類地址： 192.168.5.011111000IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248NetworkS

20、ubnet Host192.168.5.121: 1100000011111111Subnet: 1100000010101000101010001111111100000101000001011111111101111001 01111000255.255.255.248:C類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃nSubnet Address = 192.168.5.120nHost Addresses = 192.168.5.121192.168.5.126nBroadcast Address = 192.168.5.127nFive Bits of SubnettingBroadcast:NetworkNetw

21、ork11000000101010000000010101111111廣播地址練習地址地址類別類別子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)廣播地址廣播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128廣播地址練習（答案）153.50.6.127地址地址類別類別子網(wǎng)子網(wǎng)廣播地址廣播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子網(wǎng)掩碼子網(wǎng)掩碼15.16.193.6 255.

22、255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0配置交換機的管理性IP地址Switch(config)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask （1900）Switch(config)#ip default-gateway ip-addressn指明缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)Switch(config)#intface vlan 1Switch(config-if)#ip addres

23、s ip-address subnet-mask nCatalyst 2900 的配置nCatalyst 1900 的配置配置路由器的IP地址n指明IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼n在路由器的端口配置模式下設(shè)置地址n配置第二的地址Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-maskSwitch(config)#intface ehternet 0 Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask secondary n利用IP地址靜態(tài)映射主機地址n通過IP地址和主機名稱選擇端口路由器的IP主機命名Router(config)#ip host name tcp-port-numberaddress addressip host Norine 172.16.3.1 192.168.3.1ip host Roger 172.16.4.3n指明一個或多個名稱服務器來