高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-高中英語重難點(diǎn)（從句 寫作）分析課件（35張ppt)

1、高考英語重難點(diǎn)分析題型 難度系數(shù) 考察知識(shí) 技巧聽力 聽力能力和信息分析 聽關(guān)鍵詞；卷面標(biāo)注 閱讀理解 詞匯；句型；閱讀分析能力 抓細(xì)節(jié)；細(xì)分析 細(xì)節(jié)理解；詞意推斷；文章主旨；后文推斷；最佳標(biāo)題 七選五 閱讀分析能力；邏輯推理 找關(guān)鍵詞句；完形填空 詞匯；句型；上下文推斷；理解分析 打牢詞匯基礎(chǔ)；熟悉各種句式；反復(fù)通讀全文；找暗示考察內(nèi)容較多，包括詞匯中的詞義辨析（名詞、動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞、副詞、介詞），和固定搭配。句型中的各類句式（定語從句、主語從句、狀語從句等）；多為記敘文語法填空 基本語法知識(shí)；詞類轉(zhuǎn)化 熟記詞類轉(zhuǎn)化；熟記語法知識(shí)必有時(shí)態(tài)，必有語態(tài)，必有詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，必有從句短文改錯(cuò) 基

2、本語法知識(shí)；詞類轉(zhuǎn)化；觀察能力 熟記詞類轉(zhuǎn)化；熟記語法知識(shí)；逐句觀察閱讀一添加，一刪除，八修改；必有時(shí)態(tài)，必有形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化；必有非謂語書面表達(dá) 連句成篇；寫作能力 背句型模板；套句型續(xù)寫 抓住關(guān)鍵詞，圍繞關(guān)鍵詞展開寫不跑題，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用高分句型定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用（修飾限定）的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：that/which/who（whom/whose）/as關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why關(guān)系代詞/副詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中的所指和充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿ⅲ宏P(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語（時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因）指人指物主語賓語定語thatwhichwhowhomwhos

3、e例句The man who came to our school is Yaoming.(指人做主）The girl whom I met is Lucy.（指人做賓）The child whose parents are dead is called Tom.（指人做定）I like the book which you bought yesterday.（指物做賓）His parents would not let him marry anyone whose family was poor.（指人做定）I like the person to whom you just talked.

4、（指人做賓）We shall never forget the days that we spent together.（指物做賓）We shall never forget the days when we lived together. （時(shí)間狀語）分析定語從句1.畫從句，從空起到第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞前（或者找到全部謂語動(dòng)詞畫出從句）例如：The man 丨_ came to our school丨 is Yaoming.2.判斷從句缺不缺成分（不缺成分填關(guān)系副詞，缺成分填關(guān)系代詞）例如上述句子中，came to是動(dòng)詞短語，our school是賓語，缺了主語3.判斷空上所填的關(guān)系代詞/副詞指人還是

5、指物例如上述句子中，空前面The man是先行詞，是人，指人做主的先行詞為who/that定語從句的兩種形式：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句This is the movie which we saw last night.（限制性定語從句）【可以理解為集合中的一個(gè)子集，表示特指】The movie ,which is called The foundation of a Republic , is very wonderful.（非限制性定語從句）【不表示特指，只起補(bǔ)充說明作用。標(biāo)志就是逗號(hào)】Finite Attributive Clauses & Non-finite Attributi

6、ve ClausesRestrictive 定語從句中只能用that的情況 先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代詞時(shí)（當(dāng)先行詞為someone或其它指代人的不定代詞時(shí)，可用who）.例如：All that he said is true. 先行詞被only,no,any,all,some, any等詞修飾時(shí).例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞.例如：He was the second (person) that tol

7、d me the secret. 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞.This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí).例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.定語從句中只能用which的情況在非限制性定語從中.例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時(shí).例如：The thing about which he

8、 is talking is of great importance.注：當(dāng)介詞前移時(shí)指人用whom，指物用which，不可用thatAs與which的辨析As 和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在用法上有一些區(qū)別。1.as 和which都可以在定語從句中作主語，賓語，既可修飾一個(gè)詞也可修飾前面的整個(gè)句子。A. She accepted his proposal, as(which)was natural.她接受了她的求婚，這是自然而然的。B. The boy is pretty handsome, as(which)we can see in our classroom.這個(gè)男孩非常的

9、帥氣，正如我們?cè)诮淌铱吹?。As與which的辨析2.as 在非限定性定語從句中的使用2.1 as可以放在主句之前，主句之后，也可以放在句中，可以說位置很靈活。但是which常用在主句之后A. As we all know, technology just like a engine to push the development of economics.眾所周知，技術(shù)就像是引擎推動(dòng)著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。B.The diva,as you know, is famous throughoutthe world.這個(gè)女歌劇演唱家，正如你知道的，在全世界都出名。C.He has stood her up,

10、 which I dont believe.他沒有赴約，這事我不相信。As與which的辨析2.2 as與the same，such 連用時(shí)，用as。A.This is the same phone as I have borrowed from my sister.這個(gè)手機(jī)和我向我姐姐借的一樣。B.I have never had such a chance to make a speech as I always imagined.我從沒有這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去演講，正如我一直想象的那樣。As與which的辨析2.3在從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，缺少主語時(shí)用as，不用which。A.Everyone

11、 knows that she has left, as was expected.所有人都知道她又一次離開了，正如我們預(yù)料的那樣。介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)1. “介詞+ which”在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如：I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然記得初來學(xué)校的那一天。The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。2. “介詞+ which（指

12、物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如：They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他們來到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個(gè)小男孩。I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看見一個(gè)人，他的頭上有一只鳥。介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)3. “不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作主語，說明整體中的一部分。如：China has a lot of islands, one of which

13、is Diaoyu. 中國(guó)有許多島嶼，其中之一是釣魚島。There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 這里有許多學(xué)生，他們之中無人喜歡這部電影。4. “介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語。如：Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰買的嗎？The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 這人是一位工程師，我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消

14、息的。介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)5. “介詞+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語，說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。6. “名詞+ of which”代替“whose +名詞”在關(guān)系分句中作定語。如：I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were bla

15、ck with disease. 我看見一些樹，它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) Ive forgotten. 他提到一本書，書名我忘了。介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)7. “介詞+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修飾后邊的名詞。如：It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨下了一天一夜，就在這期間輪船撞碎了。The driver was the man from whose r

16、oom she had stolen the maps. 司機(jī)就是那個(gè)男人，她從他的房間偷走地圖。8. “介詞+ which +不定式”。此種用法多見于正文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語和謂語的定語從句。如：She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢她給丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如：The factory in which (= where) I work is a l

17、arge one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 這就是他為什么被關(guān)起來的原因。The way做先行詞分兩種情況當(dāng)定語從句中不缺成分時(shí)可用that，in which，或不填當(dāng)定語從句中缺成分時(shí)可用that，which，或不填（作賓）例句：第種情況1. I dont like the way he speaks to his mother.2. I dont like the way in which he speaks to his mother.3.I dont like the

18、 way that he speaks to his mother.第種情況1. I dont like the way which / that is complicated.(作主語）2. I dont like the way that / which he gave us to solve the problem. (作賓語) 同位語從句同位語從句對(duì)從句前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋1.抽象名詞+that+對(duì)抽象名詞的解釋（即內(nèi)容）【that不可以省略】例：The news that he will leave for France is true.他將要去法國(guó)的消息是真的。2.抽象名

19、詞+when，where，why，how+對(duì)抽象名詞的解釋（即內(nèi)容）He has no idea when the meeting will be held.他不知道會(huì)議將在什么時(shí)候被舉行。注：同位語從句的先行詞極為有限，多為抽象名詞。如：fact，idea，reason，thought，news，advice，view，suggestion等非謂語非謂語三種形式：to do；doing；done何時(shí)運(yùn)用：一個(gè)完整的句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，而沒有任何連詞時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式需要使用非謂語。用哪個(gè)：分析句子的主語，判斷非謂語與主語的關(guān)系，表目的用to do，主動(dòng)關(guān)系為doing，被動(dòng)關(guān)系

20、用done例：She sat at the window，reading（read）a book.句子中已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞sat，且句子中沒有and，but等并列連詞，故空為非謂語。通過翻譯得知不是表目的，且read與she為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用doing形式。With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.with+賓語+副詞例：With his parents away,Tom becomes more naughty.父母不在時(shí)，湯姆變得更淘氣了、2.With+賓語+形容詞例：With the door open,the room was very cold.門開著，屋子里很冷。3.with+賓語+

21、介詞短語例：She came in with a book in his hand.她手里拿著書走進(jìn)來。4.with+賓語+名詞例：With a native guide,we neednt be afraid to get lost.有本地人當(dāng)向?qū)?，我們不需要?dān)心迷路。5.With+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（主謂關(guān)系）例：With summer coming,the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.隨著夏天的到來，天氣越來越熱。With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)6.With+賓語+過去分詞（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）例：With his hair cut,he looks much you

22、nger.理完發(fā)后，他顯得年輕多了。7.With+賓語+不定式（將要發(fā)生）例：With her to go with us,we are sure to have a pleasant journey.有她和我們一起去，我們的旅途一定會(huì)很愉快。作用1.充當(dāng)伴隨或方式狀語He fell asleep，with the light still on.（他睡著了，燈還亮著。）2.充當(dāng)原因狀語With her money lost,she was at a loss what to do.（錢丟了，她不知如何是好。）3.充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語She walked out in the rain,with her

23、 clothes all wet.（她冒雨出去，衣服都濕透了。）4.充當(dāng)定語The room with lights on is our classroom.（開著燈的那個(gè)教室是我們的。）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞（過去分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，名詞，介詞短語）含義：由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。為逗號(hào)或with/without后的句子作狀語。1.名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞There being no bus,we had t walk home.（由于沒有公共汽車，我們只好走回家。）2.名詞（代詞）+過去分詞The workers wor

24、ked still harder,their living conditions greatly improved.（由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作的更起勁了。）3.名詞（代詞）+不定式在名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式則用主動(dòng)的形式；如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用被動(dòng)形式。The four of us agreed on a division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book.（我們四人同意分工干，沒人翻譯全書的四分之一。）【主謂關(guān)系】Many trees,flow

25、ers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.（種上許多樹、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)?？瓷先⒏?。）4.名詞（代詞）+形容詞Computer very small,we can use it widely.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)5.名詞（代詞）+副詞The meeting over,our headmaster soon left the meeting room.（散會(huì)了，校長(zhǎng)很快就離開了會(huì)議室。）6.名詞（代詞）+名詞Two hundred people died in the acc

26、ident,many of them children.（兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。）7.名詞（代詞）+介詞短語He left home,his key in his pocket.（他帶著鑰匙離開了家。）8.with/without引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（用法同上，多數(shù)情況下with能省略，但without不能省略）With his book in hand，he came in.注：簡(jiǎn)單判讀方法獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多有逗號(hào)，用逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子，有時(shí)逗號(hào)會(huì)變?yōu)閣ith或without逗號(hào)、with或without連接的兩個(gè)句子，其中有一個(gè)必定在語法上錯(cuò)誤（謂語部分）寫作寫作步驟1.認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題

27、目要求，明確要點(diǎn)內(nèi)容；2.注意格式：若給某人寫信必需用書信格式（開頭：Dear XX，末尾：Yours ，XX）；3.結(jié)構(gòu)選擇：推薦使用三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，清晰明了；4.書寫：書寫中盡量多運(yùn)用高級(jí)句型與詞匯，提高得分；5.檢查：認(rèn)真檢查結(jié)構(gòu)銜接是否連貫，題目要點(diǎn)是否全面，內(nèi)容上是否有錯(cuò)誤；6.謄抄：將修改后的作文字跡工整地謄抄在答題卡上。文章開頭的寫法（開門見山）1.書信：開門見山，明確寫信的目的；I am writing to tell you2.記敘文：（1）故事背景：交代人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、背景等；Yesterday，we were invited to the museum.（2）往事追憶:回憶過去發(fā)生的某件事；I still remember we went to Japan last month.3.說明文：（1）點(diǎn)明中心：開門見山點(diǎn)名所要介紹的事物；How the Internet helps us live better?（2）引用數(shù)據(jù)：運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)引出所要論證的主題