passive vs. active 主動被動翻譯分析

1、Passive VoiceVSActive Voice+英文中被動語態(tài)使用普遍英文中被動語態(tài)使用普遍： 科技論著 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或結(jié)果+中文較少使用被動語態(tài)中文較少使用被動語態(tài) 動詞兼具主被動含義 多體現(xiàn)負(fù)面意義 1. （1）保留主語）保留主語The whole country was armed in a few days.幾天以內(nèi)全國武裝起來了。The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youthhas never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年時期留下的自卑感，還沒有完全消除。We are absorbed

2、in the beauty of the sunset.我們沉醉在美麗的夕陽中。Children are exposed to too much violence on TV.孩子們在電視上看到太多的暴力。Techniques:（2）主語變賓語）主語變賓語 Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. 人們不能阻止比林斯先生實行他的計劃。 He is known by everyone. 每個人都認(rèn)識他。 He was made king by people. 人民擁立他為王。 This car is given to her. 這車是別人給她的

3、。（3）譯為帶表語的主動句）譯為帶表語的主動句 The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Fla. （轟炸機(jī)）機(jī)組人員是在佛羅里達(dá)州埃格林空軍基地訓(xùn)練的。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易做出的。 His body was found at the end of the alley. 他的尸體是在巷子的盡頭發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 It is hoped that 希望希望 It is reported that 據(jù)報據(jù)報 It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說 It is supposed th

4、at 據(jù)推測據(jù)推測 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸張的說可以毫不夸張的說 It must be pointed out that 必須指出必須指出 It must be admitted that 必須承認(rèn)必須承認(rèn) it will be seen from this that 由此可見由此可見 It is asserted that 有人主張有人主張 It is believed that 有人相信（認(rèn)為）有人相信（認(rèn)為） It is generally considered that 大家（普遍）認(rèn)為大家（普遍）認(rèn)

5、為 It is well known that 眾所周知眾所周知 It will be said that 有人會說有人會說 It was told that 有人曾經(jīng)說有人曾經(jīng)說 （1）增加合乎中文習(xí)慣表示被動的字，如： 被被 給給 遭（受）遭（受） 為為所所 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我們隨時都會被出入機(jī)場的敵機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)。 I started to explain that I could not do my best since my spe

6、ctacles had been taken away from me, but she wouldnt let me finish. 我開始解釋，我不可能干的很好，因為我的眼鏡已給拿走了， 但她不準(zhǔn)我講完。（2）令令 由由 為為所所 The old man is supported by his grandson. 這位老人由他的孫子供養(yǎng)。 He is respected by his country men. 他受到國人的尊敬。 I was shocked by her attitude. 她的態(tài)度令我吃驚。 I was so impressed by these words that I

7、 used them later for a Christmas card. 我為這些話所深深感動，后來就把它們寫在圣誕 賀卡上。（3）把把 使使 By evening the occupation was complete, and the people were chased off the streets by an eight oclock curfew. 至傍晚，占領(lǐng)已告完成。八點鐘開始的宵禁把人們從街道趕走。 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使這著名旅館幾乎全部毀滅。+Abraham Lincoln awed the mother who lost five sons in the war. 這位在戰(zhàn)爭中失去五個兒子的母親對林肯總統(tǒng)充滿敬畏之心。+The little boy surprised his teacher. 小男孩令他的老師吃驚。+The police worry the demonstrators. 警察令示威者感到憂心。+T