kublakhan英國文學(xué)柯勒律治

1、Samuel Taylor Coleridge A great poet of imagination: Kubla Khan A critic of the Romanticism Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Devon in 1772. He later attended Cambridge but left without completing his studies. During the shockwaves of French Revolution through Europe, Coleridge made a name for him

2、self both as a political radical and as an important young poet; along with his friends Robert Southey and William Wordsworth (Lake Poets), he became one of the most important writers in England. Collaborating with Wordsworth on the revolutionary Lyrical Ballads of 1798, Coleridge helped to inaugura

3、te the Romantic era in England by underlying the principles in Lyrical Ballads . 1 Privileging natural speech over poetic ornament. 2 simply stated themes over elaborate symbolism. 3 emotion over abstract thought, and the experience of natural beauty over urban sophistication. The book paved the way

4、 for two generations of poets, and stands as one of the milestones of European literature. Coleridge was responsible for attempting to present the supernatural as real whereas his friend William Wordsworth would try to render ordinary reality as remarkable, strange. Poems such as The Rime of the Anc

5、ient Mariner and Kubla Khan demonstrate Coleridges talent for concocting bizarre, unsettling stories full of fantastic imagery and magic. Coleridge often privileges weird tales and bizarre imagery over the commonplace, rustic simplicities Wordsworth advocates Coleridge became an opium addict (it is

6、thought that “Kubla Khan” originated from an opium dream) and, in 1816, moved in with the surgeon James Gillman in order to preserve his health. During the years he lived with Gillman, Coleridge composed many of his important non-fiction works, including the highly regarded Biographia Literaria.() C

7、oleridges style in poetry Coleridges poems often favor musical effects over the plainness of common speech. The intentional archaisms of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and the hypnotic drone of Kubla Khan do not imitate common speech, creating instead a more strikingly stylized effect. The 13th-cen

8、tury founder of the Yuan dynasty in China, Kublai Khan ruled over a lavishly luxurious court known to Europeans main through the descriptions of the Italian merchant and traveler Marco Polo. Kubla Khan It opens with an enigmatic but precise description of an emperors pleasure dome located in an ench

9、anted, savage spot where a woman cries for her demon lover and the sacred river is flung up violently, then meanders before plunging through caverns into a sunless sea. In trying to interpret this symbolic site we can begin by seeing the dome as a human creation (art) built in and over natures beaut

10、y and power. Note that in the last part of the poem the newly introduced I has a vision in which, inspired by a singing woman, he would imaginatively recreate in air the Khans dome. In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree:Where Alph, the sacred river, ranThrough caverns measureless t

11、o manDown to a sunless sea. Alph: magical river in western Greece. Decree: imperial order So twice five miles of fertile groundWith walls and towers were girdled round:And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;And here were forests ancient as the

12、hills,Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. girdled: enclosed sinuous rills: winding streams. 忽必烈在周圍三十余里的肥沃土地上建造他豪華的園林，園中有古老的樹木，芬芳濃郁，綠蔭透射出點(diǎn)點(diǎn)陽光。 But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slantedDown the green hill athwart a cedarn cover! A savage place! as holy and enchantedAs eer beneath a waning moon was

13、 hauntedBy woman wailing for her demon-lover! opening caves in ground Slope wild passing through a wood of cedar trees. 此段詩人又馳騁其怪誕奔放的想象力，想到月光下的女郎為她無情的魔鬼愛人而悲泣。 And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,A mighty fountain momently (5) was f

14、orced:Amid whose swift half-intermitted burstHuge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,Or chaffy grain beneath the threshers flail: boiling the water is bursting now and then Half-interrupted 20-23行描寫急流有時受到亂石阻遏，流勢稍緩，但忽然有浪濤洶涌，有如猛烈的冰雹，或打谷時的谷殼飛揚(yáng)。 And mid these dancing rocks at once and everIt flung u

15、p momently the sacred river.Five miles meandering with a mazy motionThrough wood and dale the sacred river ran,Then reached the caverns measureless to man,And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:And mid this tumult Kubla heard from farAncestral voices prophesying war! 又想到圣河河水的奔騰，穿過地下洞穴流入地下無聲的大海，而在這呼嘯

16、的流水聲中，詩人又讓忽必烈汗聽到列祖列宗預(yù)告戰(zhàn)爭將要爆發(fā)的聲音。 The shadow of the dome of pleasureFloated midway on the waves;Where was heard the mingled measureFrom the fountain and the caves.It was a miracle of rare device,A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice! Reflection rhyme 詩人想象豪華的宮殿在浪濤中浮現(xiàn)出倒影，他仿佛聽到噴泉和洞穴發(fā)出的共鳴聲交織在一起。 A dams

17、el with a dulcimer (6)In a vision once I saw:It was an Abyssinian (7) maid,And on her dulcimer she played,Singing of Mount Abora.Could I revive within meHer symphony and song,To such a deep delight twould win me,That with music loud and long, (6) String instrument struck with two light hammers, used

18、 both in China and in Europe, in different forms. (7) Abyssinia is the northeastern African country now known as Ethiopia. 詩人在夢中看到一位阿比西尼亞姑娘邊彈洋琴邊唱歌；動人的音樂激起使人想用美妙的歌聲和音樂在空中建造一座宮殿式的建筑物。 I would build that dome in air,That sunny dome! those caves of ice!And all who heard should see them there,And all sho

19、uld cry, Beware! Beware!His flashing eyes, his floating hair!Weave a circle round him thrice, (8)And close your eyes with holy dread,For he on honey-dew hath fed,And drunk the milk of Paradise. (8) A protective ritual. 詩人表示凡是聽過這種音樂，見過這座“空中樂園”的人都不能不異口同聲地對詩人的形象表示欽佩。詩人的周圍仿佛環(huán)繞著一道靈光，因?yàn)樵诳吕章芍慰磥?，詩人幾乎不是食人間煙火的人，他吃的是蜜露，飲的是天國的乳汁，故能“超凡入圣?！盩he speaker insists that if he could only revive within him her symphony and song, he would recreate t