環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)英語Wordlist1

1、14環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)詞匯包括環(huán)境學(xué)總論、環(huán)境地學(xué)、環(huán)境生物學(xué)、環(huán)境化學(xué)、環(huán)境物理學(xué)、環(huán)境工程學(xué)、環(huán)境醫(yī)學(xué)、環(huán)境經(jīng)濟學(xué)、環(huán)境管理學(xué)、環(huán)境法學(xué)、環(huán)境教育等11大類。環(huán)境學(xué)總論原生環(huán)境primary environment次生環(huán)境secondary environment生態(tài)示范區(qū)ecological demonstrate area環(huán)境地質(zhì)學(xué)environmental geology環(huán)境地球化學(xué)environmental geo-chemistry環(huán)境土壤學(xué)environmental soil science環(huán)境微生物學(xué)environmental microbiology環(huán)境危機environm

2、ental crisis環(huán)境保護environmental protection環(huán)境預(yù)測environmental forecasting環(huán)境自凈environmental self-purification環(huán)境效應(yīng)environmental effect環(huán)境容量environmental capacity環(huán)境演化evolution of environment環(huán)境舒適度environmental comfort環(huán)境背景值（本底值）environmental background value環(huán)境保護產(chǎn)業(yè)（環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)）environmental production industry環(huán)境壁壘（綠色

3、壁壘）environmental barrier綠色革命green revolution可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable development第三類環(huán)境問題（社會環(huán)境問題）the third environmental problem懸浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收費pollution charge可更新資源renewable resources不可更新資源non-renewable resources自然保護區(qū)natural reserve ar

4、ea防護林protection forest公害public nuisance礦山公害mining nuisance工業(yè)廢水industrial waste water礦山廢水mining drainage生活飲用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口壓力population pressure人口凈增率rate of population全球環(huán)境監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)global environment monitoring system GEMS中國環(huán)境保護工作方針Chinese policy for en

5、vironment protection“三同時”原則principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxine nuisance馬斯河谷煙霧事件disaster in Meuse Valley多諾拉煙霧事件disaster in Donora倫敦?zé)熿F事件disaster in London水俁病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉磯光化學(xué)煙霧事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi ast

6、hma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident環(huán)境地學(xué)水圈hydrosphere水循環(huán)water circulation地面水（地表水）surface water水位water level下滲（入滲）sinking蒸發(fā)evaporation最高水位highest water level最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level警戒水位warning water level流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season沖刷washout含水層aq

7、uifer隔水層（不透水層）aquiclude透水層permeable stratum層間水interlayer water承壓水（有壓層間水）confined water 或 自流水a(chǎn)rtesian water孔隙水void water巖溶水（喀斯特水）karst water徑流runoff flow地表徑流runoff地下水ground water流域保護water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水強度intensity of precipitation

8、水環(huán)境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蝕）soil and water loss點源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution擴散diffusion渦流eddy current渦流擴散eddy diffusion富營養(yǎng)化廢水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉積物（底質(zhì)或底泥）benthal deposit總固體total solids懸浮固體suspended solids總?cè)芙夤腆wtotal dis

9、solved solids河流復(fù)氧常數(shù)constant of river reoxygenation湖泊酸化lake acidification富營養(yǎng)化eutrophication富營養(yǎng)湖eutrophic lake中營養(yǎng)湖mesotrophic lake貧營養(yǎng)湖oligotrophic lake水庫reservoir海洋處置sea disposal海底采樣sea floor sample赤潮（紅潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉積物sea bottom sediment海洋傾倒ocean dumping水質(zhì)water quality水資源綜合利

10、用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物評價biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水體自凈self-purification of water body水環(huán)境保護功能區(qū)（水質(zhì)功能區(qū)）functional district of water environment土地處理系統(tǒng)land treatment system土地沙漠化land de

11、sertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸堿度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤鹽漬化（土壤鹽堿化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母質(zhì)（土壤母質(zhì)或成土母質(zhì)）parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖質(zhì)化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒級soil separate土壤質(zhì)地soil texture緩沖作用buffering/b

12、uffer action緩沖劑buffering agent/buffer緩沖容量buffer capacity鹽基飽和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fulvic acid胡敏素humin土壤團聚體soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤貧瘠化）soil degeneration土壤地帶性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧層ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水強度precipitation intensity大氣環(huán)境容量atmospheric envi

13、ronmental capacity事后評價afterwards assessment煙塵消除elimination of smoke and dust溫室效應(yīng)greenhouse effect大氣擴散atmospheric diffusion煙羽（煙流或羽流）plume逆溫inversion環(huán)境生物學(xué)生境habitat耐受極限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物檢測bioassay環(huán)境脅迫environmental stress生物多樣性bio-diversity生態(tài)位niche生命周期life cycle生態(tài)型ecotype自養(yǎng)生物autotr

14、oph異養(yǎng)生物heterotroph指數(shù)增長exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalism寄生parasitism衍生物derivative殺蟲劑insecticide殺菌劑fungicide除草劑herbicide防腐劑preservative殺鼠劑rodenticide無殘留農(nóng)藥non-persistent pesticide植物性農(nóng)藥phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然歷史遺產(chǎn)保護地world natural and historical heritage site儲量stock過度捕獲over-h

15、unting; over-fishing獵（漁）期open season農(nóng)業(yè)殘渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性實驗acute toxicity test慢性毒性實驗chronic toxicity test預(yù)備實驗screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀釋dilution歸宿fate生物積累bioaccumulation生物濃縮bioconcentra

16、tion生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)biotic nutrient多污生物帶polysaprobic zone中污生物帶mesosaprobic zone寡污生物帶oligosaprobic zone敏感種sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污種tolerant species生物濾池biological filter凈化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film輪作crop

17、 rotation間作intercropping套種interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防護林帶shelter belt沼氣marsh gas農(nóng)家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市熱島效應(yīng)urban heat island effect城市生態(tài)規(guī)劃urban ecological planning環(huán)境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors邊緣效應(yīng)edge effect生態(tài)恢復(fù)ecological restoration恢復(fù)生態(tài)學(xué)restoratio

18、n ecology環(huán)境化學(xué)甲基汞methyl mercury鎘米cadmium rice農(nóng)藥殘留pesticide residue有機氯農(nóng)藥organochlorine pesticide有機磷農(nóng)藥organophosphorous pesticide氨基甲酸酯殺蟲劑carbamate insecticide擬除蟲菊酯殺蟲劑pyrethroid insecticide植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑growth regulator化學(xué)致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性劑surfactant多氯聯(lián)苯類polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多環(huán)芳烴類polyaromatic

19、hydrocarbon; PAH催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化學(xué)氧化劑photochemical oxidant過氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN干沉降dry deposition濕沉降wet deposition光化學(xué)煙霧photochemical smog大氣光化學(xué)atmospheric photochemistry降水化學(xué)precipitation chemistry氣溶膠化學(xué)aerosol chemistry懸浮顆粒物suspended particulate總懸浮顆粒物total suspended particulat

20、es(TSP)飄塵（可吸入顆粒物或可吸入塵）airborne particle降塵（落塵）dustfall；falling dust氣溶膠aerosol水質(zhì)water quality鹽度salinity氧化還原電位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化學(xué)需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand總有機碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagul

21、ation離子交換ion exchange萃取extraction緩沖溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲線）oxygen balance model吸收劑(吸附劑)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化劑oxidant還原劑reductant膠團micelle膠體溶液colloidal solution脫硫劑desulfurization agent電滲析electrodialysis萃取劑extracting agent過濾filter絮凝劑flocculant；flocculating agent無機絮凝劑inorganic flocculant有機高分子

22、絮凝劑organic polymer flocculant中和法neutralization反滲透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅膠silica gel蒸汽蒸餾steam distillation超濾膜ultrafilter membrane靈敏度sensitivity準(zhǔn)確度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability檢測限detection limit相對誤差relative error絕對誤差absolute error偶然誤差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采樣誤差sampling error標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液stan

23、dard solution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)standard substance允許誤差allowable error允許濃度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis現(xiàn)場分析in-situ analysis儀器分析instrumental analysis水質(zhì)分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自動分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotom

24、etry原子吸收分光光度計atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子熒光光譜法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子熒光光譜儀atomic fluorescence spectrometer電化學(xué)分析法electrochemical method高效液相色譜法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色譜儀high performance liquid chromatograph氣相色譜分析gas chromatography氣相色譜儀gas chromatograph采樣器sampler大

25、氣采樣器air sampler底泥采樣器sediment samplerpH計pH meter濕度計hygrometer固定大氣污染源stationary sources of air pollution移動大氣污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移動式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染負(fù)荷pollution load污染源調(diào)查survey of pollution sources無污染工藝pollution-free techno

26、logy無污染裝置pollution-free installation污染物總量控制total amount control of pollution水質(zhì)參數(shù)water quality parameter 水溫water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混濁度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指標(biāo)sensuous pollution index物理學(xué)污染指標(biāo)physical pollution index化學(xué)污染指標(biāo)chemical pollution index細(xì)菌學(xué)污染指標(biāo)bacteriological pollution ind

27、ex毒理學(xué)污染指標(biāo)toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工業(yè)廢水industrial wastewater常規(guī)分析指標(biāo)index of routine analysis環(huán)境監(jiān)測environmental monitoring過程監(jiān)測course monitoring污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)pollution discharge standard總量排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)total amount of pollution discharge standard優(yōu)先監(jiān)測priority monitoring環(huán)境優(yōu)先污染物env

28、ironmental priority pollutant總固體total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入塵和飄塵)inhale particles濁度計turbidimeter實驗室質(zhì)量控制laboratory quality control空白實驗值blank value平行樣duplicate samples再現(xiàn)性(重現(xiàn)性)reproducibility重復(fù)性repeatability回收率recovery rate檢出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收分光光度法ultraviolet absorpt

29、ion spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis內(nèi)標(biāo)法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis試樣前處理pre-treatment均值mean value標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差standard error方差variation回歸分析regression analysis相關(guān)分析correlation analysis相關(guān)系數(shù)correlation coefficient系統(tǒng)誤差systematic error隨機誤差random error有效數(shù)字valid figur

30、e農(nóng)藥殘留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收費effluent charge室內(nèi)空氣污染indoor air pollution水體自凈self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修復(fù)soil-remediation生物修復(fù)bioremediation光降解photodegradation溫室氣體greenhouse gases總量收費total quantity charge超臨界流體supercritical fluid土壤污染soil pollu

31、tion環(huán)境物理學(xué)光輻射(光)visible radiation紅外線infrared ray紫外線ultraviolet ray 滅菌燈bactericidal lamp光污染light pollution噪聲污染noise pollution混響reverberation聽力損失hearing loss絕對濕度absolute humidity相對濕度relative humidity飽和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露點溫度dew point temperature熱輻射thermal radiation 比熱specific heat空氣調(diào)節(jié)air co

32、nditioning通風(fēng)ventilation環(huán)境工程學(xué)環(huán)境污染綜合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution環(huán)境功能區(qū)劃environmental function zoning稀釋比dilution ratio遷移transfer湍流擴散turbulent diffusion氧虧(虧氧量)oxygen deficit復(fù)氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲線dissolved-oxygen sag curve飽和溶解氧saturated dissolved無污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃燒combustion空氣燃料比ai

33、r-to-fuel ratio煙氣分析analysis of flue gas煤的綜合利用comprehensive utilization of coal脫硫desulfurization除塵效率particle collection efficiency分割粒徑cut diameter for particles壓力損失（壓力降）pressure drop機械除塵器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber慣性除塵器inertial dust separator旋風(fēng)除塵器cyclone collector回流式旋風(fēng)除塵器reverse

34、-flow cyclone collector直流旋風(fēng)除塵器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋風(fēng)除塵器multiple cyclone collector過濾除塵器filter袋式除塵器bag house濾料filtration media氣布比air-to-cloth ratio機械振動清灰袋式除塵器bag house with shake cleaning逆氣流清灰袋式除塵器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脈沖噴吹清灰袋式除塵器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning靜電除塵elect

35、rostatic precipitator (ESP)電暈放電corona discharge驅(qū)進速度drift velocity集塵極collecting electrode板間距distance between collecting electrodes電極清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes寬間距靜電除塵器wide space electrostatic precipitator高壓脈沖靜電除塵器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator濕式靜電除塵器wet electrostatic pr

36、ecipitator雙區(qū)靜電除塵器（兩段式電除塵器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator濕式除塵器wet collector of particulates重力噴霧洗滌器gravitational spray scrubber旋風(fēng)洗滌器centrifugal scrubber中心噴霧旋風(fēng)洗滌器cyclone spray scrubber泡沫洗滌塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗滌器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗滌器venturi scrubber雙膜理論two-film theory氣膜控制gas film control液膜控

37、制liquid film control穿透曲線break through curve催化劑catalyst催化劑中毒poisoning of catalyst煙氣脫硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)濕法脫硫wet process of FGD石灰石灰石法脫硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脫硫ammonia process of FGD干法脫硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by absorption 水吸收法脫氮control of NOx by absorption

38、 process with water酸吸收法脫氮control of NOx by absorption process with acid堿吸收法脫氮control of NOx by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NOx by adsorption分子篩吸附法脫氮control of NOx by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅膠吸附法脫氮control of NOx by adsorption process with silica gel氣體生物凈化biotreat

39、ment of gaseous pollutant生物過濾器biofilter汽車尾氣污染pollution of automobile exhaust gas生物脫臭biotreatment of oder集氣罩capture hood煙囪有效排放高度effective height of emmission清潔生產(chǎn)cleaner production礦山廢水mining drainage電鍍廢水electroplating wastewater給水處理廠water treatment plant污水處理廠wastewater treatment給水（污水）處理構(gòu)筑物water （sewag

40、e）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well廢水調(diào)節(jié)池wastewater flow equalization basin格柵grill篩網(wǎng)grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝氣沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圓形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圓形周邊運動沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discha

41、rge by gravity 水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank濃縮式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank輻流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank豎流式沉淀池vertical settling tank懸浮污泥澄清池suspended sludg

42、e clarifier脈沖澄清池pulse clarifier水力循環(huán)澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier豎流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank機械攪拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank顆粒自由沉降particle free sediment絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation擁擠沉降hindered sedimentation氣浮池floatation basin加壓溶氣氣浮法pressure dissolved-air floatation微電

43、解法micro electroanalysis過濾池filter重力過濾法gravity filtration process壓力過濾法pressure filtration process真空過濾法vacuum filtration process快濾池rapid filtration慢濾池slow filtration接觸濾池contact filter雙向濾池bidirectional filter雙層濾料濾池double layer filter無閥濾池non-valve filter虹吸濾池siphon filter壓力濾池pressure filterV型濾池aquazur V-f

44、ilter砂濾sand filtration微濾機microstrainer濾池沖洗強度backwashing intensity of filter濾層filter material layer濾料承托層holding layer for filter material斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷卻塔cooling tower濕式氧化法wet oxidation process反應(yīng)池reaction basin葉輪攪拌器turbine mixer膜分離法membrane separation method半滲透膜semi-permeable membra

45、ne電滲析electrodialysis反滲透reverse osmosis離子交換膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction 汽提stripping吹脫法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧發(fā)生器ozonator磁分離法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation軟化水處理softening water treatment石灰純堿軟化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method廢水好氧/厭氧處理biological aerobic/ana

46、erobic treatment of wastewater微生物內(nèi)源代謝microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代謝microorganism synthetic metabolism基質(zhì)分解代謝substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝氣池aeration推流式曝氣池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝氣池compl

47、etely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容積指數(shù)sludge velum index污泥負(fù)荷volume loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝氣法step aeration method延時曝氣法extended aeration method加速曝氣法accelerant aeration method深井曝氣法deep well aeration method純氧曝氣法oxygen a

48、eration method 鼓風(fēng)曝氣裝置blast aerator擴散曝氣設(shè)備diffusion aerator 射流曝氣設(shè)備efflux aerator機械曝氣裝置mechanical aerator 表面曝氣裝置surface aerator曝氣時間aeration time污泥齡sludge age活性污泥培養(yǎng)activated sludge culture活性污泥馴化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨脹sludge bulking生物濾池biologic

49、al filter高負(fù)荷生物濾池high-loading biological filter水力負(fù)荷hydraulic loading有機負(fù)荷organic loading塔式生物濾池tower biological filer 生物轉(zhuǎn)盤biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物濾池activated biofilter化糞池septic tank污水硝化脫氮處理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脫氮處理nitrogen removal from w

50、astewater by denitrification 污水硝化反硝化脫氮處理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地處理系統(tǒng)land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond 厭氧塘anaerobic pond 曝氣氧化塘aerated oxidation pond ICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system間歇循環(huán)延時曝氣活性污泥法DAT-IAT工藝demand

51、aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池間歇池)A1/O工藝anoxic/ oxicA2/O工藝anaerobic oxicPhostrip工藝phostriop process Bardenpho工藝Bardenpho processPhoredox工藝Phoredox processUCT工藝university of cape townVIP工藝Virginia initiative plant 厭氧生物濾池(AF)anaerobic filter厭氧接觸法anaerobic contact process厭氧生物轉(zhuǎn)盤anaer

52、obic biological rotating disc兩相厭氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest 序批式間歇反應(yīng)器series batch reactor氧化溝oxidation ditch上流式厭氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor 消毒disinfection滅菌sterilization 加氯機chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection 漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外

53、線消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine 液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand 余氯chlorine residual 游離性余氯free chlorine residual 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折點加氯chlorination breakpoint 過氧化氫消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide 除味taste removal除臭odor removal 脫色decolorati

54、on生污泥undigested sludge 熟污泥digested sludge 污泥處置disposal of sludge 污泥綜合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空過濾法vacuum flotation process污泥濃縮sludge thickening 污泥消化sludge digestion 污泥脫水sludge dewatering 污泥干化sludge drying 污泥焚燒sludge incineration 真空過濾機脫水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框壓濾機脫水dewatering by plate frame press filter 輥軋式脫水機脫水dewatering by roll press帶式壓濾機脫水dewatering by belt press filter 離心式脫水機脫水dewatering by centrifuge 中溫消化處理middle temperature digestive treatment 高溫消化處理high temperature digestive treatment