高中英語二輪專題詞匯辨析系列A部講義

1、46 already和all readyalready是表示時(shí)間的副詞，意為“已經(jīng)”，所在句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用完成時(shí)。already可置于句中或句尾，偶爾也可放在句首。They have already arrived.他們已經(jīng)到了。The postman has already been here.郵遞員已經(jīng)來過了。Its ten oclock already.已經(jīng)10點(diǎn)鐘了。Already the moon is rising.月亮已經(jīng)升起了。 all ready是兩個(gè)詞，為形容詞短語，意為“完全準(zhǔn)備好的”，副詞all修飾形容詞ready。The letters are all ready

2、for post.信件都已準(zhǔn)備好郵寄。Are you all ready?你們都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？We are all ready to go on the trip.我們都已完全準(zhǔn)備好了去旅行。47 already, still和yet的特殊用法already可用于疑問句中，放在句尾，表示“驚訝，懷疑”。Has he arrived already?他已經(jīng)到了？(真沒想到)Have you finished supper already?Its only half past five.你已經(jīng)吃過晚飯了？才五點(diǎn)半呢。 still意為“仍然，還”，表示某事正在進(jìn)行中或正在過程中，用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

3、，且常用于肯定句，有時(shí)也用于疑問句和否定句。里談你e ar sil oling in the rom.他們?nèi)栽诜块gShe is still very young.她仍然很年輕。Is he waiting still? 他還在等嗎？比較He is still sitting.他仍然坐著。(still表示“仍然”)He is sitting still.他坐著不動(dòng)。(still表示“不動(dòng)的”) notyet表示“還沒有”，也常用于完成時(shí)，有時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。He hasnt done his homework yet.他還沒有做完家庭作業(yè)。She isnt home yet.她還沒有到家。提示yet

4、可用于由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，表示“但是”；yet也可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)從句，表示“然而”。Although he tried his best, yet he didnt win thegame.雖然他盡了最大努力，但沒能贏得那場(chǎng)比賽。She wanted to come, (and) yet she was ill.她想來，可是她病了。(如果用and yet，yet就是副詞)比較Have you heard the news yet?(一般詢問)Have you heard the news already?(表示驚訝)Is she here yet? 她來了沒有?(=Has

5、she arrived?)Is she still here?她還在這里嗎？(=Hasnt she left?)48 alternative和alternate alternative表示“兩者擇一的，另一個(gè)的”。They are alternative ways of expressing the sameidea.它們是表達(dá)同一意思的不同方法。2alternate表示“交替的，輪流的（happeningby turns)；間隔的；候補(bǔ)的，供替代的”。Last week was a week of alternate rain andsunshine.上星期時(shí)晴時(shí)雨。Tom went to

6、work on alternate days.湯姆每隔一天上班。提示alternative和alternate還可以作名詞。49 although和though1although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，although較正式。although和though引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首或句尾；位于句首時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)，用不用逗號(hào)都可以。Although/Though they are poor,they are kind.他們雖窮，但卻善良。Although/Though she is young, she has muchknowledge.她雖年輕，但知識(shí)很豐富。He is

7、 strong although he is very old.他雖然年事已高，但仍很健壯。 although和though不能同but在同一句中連用，也就是說，用了although和though，便不能用but，用了but，便不能用although或though。這本書雖然貴，但卻值得買。The book is dear,but it is worth buying.正Although the book is dear,it is worth buying.正Although the book is dear,but it is worth buying. though可用于倒裝句中，而al

8、though則不可。Rich though she is,she is not happy.她雖然很有錢，但并不幸福。 though可以用作連詞，并可以用作副詞，放在句尾，表示“不過，可是”，而although則不可。He is an old though strong man.他是個(gè)年邁但很強(qiáng)壯的人。It is hard work; I like it,though.這是件艱苦的工作，但是我喜歡。A:Its a beautiful skirt.這件裙子真漂亮。B:Its very expensive,though.不過，倒是挺貴的。 though可表示假設(shè)的情況，不指事實(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣，a

9、lthough則不能這樣用。He will never do such a thing though he (should) be forced to.他即使被迫也不會(huì)做這種事。有什么關(guān)系)等，although則不可。Ill leave even though it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要?jiǎng)由砹?。What though the way is long?路遠(yuǎn)又有什么關(guān)系呢？though引導(dǎo)的從句的主謂語如果是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，可省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞。This article is very important though (it is)short.這篇文章雖短，但很重要

10、。Though liking the car, I havent enough money to buy it.誤 (因?yàn)閺木洳皇呛衎e動(dòng)詞的系表結(jié)構(gòu))Though fond of the car, I havent enough money to buy it.50 altogether和all together1 altogether是一個(gè)詞，為副詞，意為“完全(completely)，總的來說(on the whole)”。They altogether agree to the proposal.他們完全同意那個(gè)建議。Altogether, it is a good book.總的來

11、說，這是一本好書。 all together是兩個(gè)詞，為副詞短語，意為“同時(shí)都，一道”。Please dont ask her questions all together.請(qǐng)不要一起向她問問題。They left all together.他們一起走了。提示altogether和all together均可表示“一共，總共”。Therewerealtogether/all together twenty students present at the meeting.總共有20名學(xué)生出席了會(huì)議。51 animal, beast, cattle 和creatureanimal動(dòng)物的總稱，與“植

12、物(plant)”相對(duì)；也可表示除人類以外的“動(dòng)物”。Which animal do you like best, a dog, a cat or ahorse?你最喜歡哪種動(dòng)物，狗、貓還是馬?Men, birds and tigers are all animals.人、鳥、虎都是動(dòng)物。beast四足獸，牲畜；指人時(shí)，含有貶義。Lion is the king of beasts.獅子是萬獸之王。They hated that beast of a boss.他們恨透了那個(gè)狼心狗肺的老板。He worked like a beast of burden in those years.在那些年

13、里，他像牛馬一樣地干活。cattle指牛一類的牲畜，為集體名詞。He has five head of cattle.他有5頭牛。The fields were full of cattle.田野里到處是牛。creature生物，動(dòng)物，指除了植物以外的生物。指人時(shí)，常含愛憐或輕蔑之意。These are delightful little creatures.這些是可愛的小動(dòng)物。She is a beautiful creature.她是個(gè)漂亮女子。You shouldnt have shown pity for that creature.你不該憐憫那家伙。52 answer, reply和

14、respond1answer為常用語，指用書面、口頭或行動(dòng)來對(duì)他人的詢問、請(qǐng)求、指責(zé)或質(zhì)問等作出回答或反應(yīng)。Who can answer the question?誰能回答這個(gè)問題？You should answer her letter right away.你應(yīng)該馬上給她回信。2 reply為書面用語，指經(jīng)過考慮的較正式的答復(fù)。除了后面接直接引語或that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句外，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，常與to搭配，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)問題內(nèi)容的詳細(xì)答復(fù)。而answer則強(qiáng)調(diào)回答的動(dòng)作，表示一般的應(yīng)答時(shí)，只能用answer，如：answer the telephone (接電話)，answer the door

15、(應(yīng)聲開門)等，不可用reply。She did not reply to his letter.她沒有給他回信。He replied that he might go.他回話說他可能去。3 respond側(cè)重于在接到對(duì)方問題、要求或表態(tài)后以行動(dòng)而不是以言語作出反應(yīng)，作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)后接to。She kindly responded to my question.她很客氣地回答了我的問題。The girl responded with a smile.那女孩微笑著作答。They responded by going on a strike.他們以罷工來作出反應(yīng)。53 answer for和an

16、swer to1answer for通常表示兩種含義。(1)表示“對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)，擔(dān)?！?，相當(dāng)于be responsible for。We cant answer for her actions.我們不能對(duì)她的行為負(fù)責(zé)。I cant answer for his experience, but I can answer for his honesty.我不能擔(dān)保他有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但我能擔(dān)保他誠(chéng)實(shí)。(2)表示“為吃苦頭，受報(bào)應(yīng)”，相當(dāng)于suffer as a result of。You will answer for your carelessness some day.總有一天你會(huì)為粗心大意而吃苦頭的。He

17、will have to answer for his crime.他會(huì)因其罪行而受懲罰的。2answer to通常表示“和一致，對(duì)作出響應(yīng)”。His action does not answer to his words.他做的和說的不一樣。She answered to her mothers call by comingdownstairs.她聽到母親的喊聲就下樓了。3 answer to還可表示“對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)”，這時(shí)它可以同answer for換用。Youll have to answer to me if any harm comes to this child.如果這孩子受到任何傷害，你

18、得對(duì)我負(fù)責(zé)。提示“in answer to+名詞”為慣用短語，意為“響應(yīng)，回答”，在句中作狀語。She came in answer to the telephone call.她接到電話就來了。In answer to her shouts,people ran to help.聽到她的呼叫聲，人們就跑去救她。54 anxious和eager anxious擔(dān)心的，焦急的(about)；渴望的(for)。We are anxious about her safety.我們?yōu)樗陌踩珦?dān)心。They are anxious for peace.他們渴望和平。2 eager渴望的，熱切的，指對(duì)成功

19、的熱情，常同for，after或about連用。He is eager for success.他渴望成功。He is eager about going.他急切想去。(本句不可用for)She is eager about her progress.她渴望進(jìn)步。提示eager和anxious后均可接不定式，表示“急切”。He is eager to see his parents.他急切想見到父母。They are anxious to know the result.他們急切想知道結(jié)果。eager和anxious后均可接that從句，表示“急切”，從句用should型虛擬語氣。We are

20、 anxious that he (should) avoid themistake.我們希望他能避免出錯(cuò)。55 be anxious about sth./doingsth.和be anxious to do sth.某些形容詞后可接介詞，也可接不定式，但表示的含義不同。比較 be anxious about sth./doing sth.擔(dān)心的，憂慮的be anxious to do sth.想要，渴望She is anxious about telling him the news.她對(duì)把這一消息告訴他表示擔(dān)心。She is anxious to tell him the news.她急

21、切地想把這一消息告訴他。(be eager to) be interested in sth./doing sth.對(duì)感興趣be interested to do sth.愿意，想要He is interested in the film.他對(duì)這部電影感興趣。He is interested to see the film.他想看這部電影。(would like to) be ashamed of sth./doing sth.為感到羞be ashamed to do sth.因羞愧而不想He is ashamed of speaking to her like that.他為那樣同她說話感到

22、羞愧。He is ashamed to tell her how he missed thechance.他為失去了那次機(jī)會(huì)而羞愧，不想告訴她。(doesnt want to) be sorry about doing sth.對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事表示歉意be sorry to do sth.對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事表示遺憾I am sorry about qiving you so much trouble in the past.過去曾給你帶來許多麻煩，我很抱歉。I am sorry to tell you that you cant stay here anylonger.我很遺憾地告訴你，你不能再待在

23、這里了。56 applaud,cheer和clap1applaud (praise esp.by striking ones handstogether)(以鼓掌表示)贊揚(yáng)，贊成或歡迎。The audience applauded the singer for fiveminutes.觀眾為那位歌唱家鼓掌長(zhǎng)達(dá)5分鐘。I applaud your decision.我贊成你的決定。2 cheer (shout in praise, approval or support)歡呼(表示贊揚(yáng)、贊同或支持)。They cheered the victory.他們?yōu)閯倮鴼g呼。3 clap (show o

24、nes approval by striking ones hands together quickly and loudly)贊成(用力猛烈鼓掌表示此意)。The people in the theatre enjoyed the play and clapped loudly.劇場(chǎng)中的觀眾喜愛這部戲劇，報(bào)以熱烈掌聲。57 apply to和apply forapply to適用于，施加，運(yùn)用。The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全駕駛規(guī)則適用于每個(gè)人。apply for申請(qǐng)。Hundredsof young people applied

25、 for theposition.數(shù)百名年輕人申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位。She is applying for an entrance visa.她正在申請(qǐng)入境簽證。58 appoint和name1 appoint指官方委任。The president appointed him (to be/as) foreignminister.總統(tǒng)任命他為外交部部長(zhǎng)。He was appointed to a high position.他被委以重任。He was appointed sales manager.他被任命為銷售部經(jīng)理。2 name為普通用語，側(cè)重于任命的結(jié)果而不是過程。They named Mr.

26、Smith for the presidency.他們提名史密斯先生擔(dān)任主席。He was named manager.他被任命為經(jīng)理。We named him to head the committee.我們?nèi)蚊麨槲瘑T會(huì)主席。提示可用名詞作賓語/主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞還有call，appoint,crown(立為王)，elect,make,declare等，這種用法中的名詞前通常不用定冠詞或不定冠詞。They elected him president.他們選舉他當(dāng)總統(tǒng)。William was crowned king.威廉被立為國(guó)王。He was appointed mayor.他被任命當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)

27、。有時(shí)，當(dāng)補(bǔ)語不限一人時(shí)，用不定冠詞表示不止一人。He was appointed an assistant professor.他被聘為副教授。(美式英語說法，等于associate professor)有時(shí)，補(bǔ)語是正職或獨(dú)一無二時(shí)，也用定冠詞。They make him the chairman every year.他們每年都選他擔(dān)任主席。59 appreciable和appropriate appreciable可以察覺到的，可注意到的，值得重視的。There was an appreciable drop in temperature.溫度明顯地下降了。2 appropriate適當(dāng)

28、的，恰如其分的。Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for schoolwear.簡(jiǎn)樸的服裝適合上學(xué)時(shí)穿。60 appreciate和thankappreciate和thank均可表示“感謝”，均為及物動(dòng)詞，但appreciate的賓語是事或物，而thank的賓語是人。We greatly appreciate your help.我們非常感謝你的幫助。I would much appreciate it if you could do me thatfavor.要是你能幫個(gè)忙，我將非常感謝。Thank you so much for coming.非常

29、感謝你的光臨。比較I thank your kindness to the full.(誤】I appreciate your kindness to the full. 我十分感謝你的好意。61 Are you?Are you.?用來詢問、猜測(cè)，意為“你是嗎？”，后可接名詞、形容詞、分詞或介詞短語。Are you free now?你現(xiàn)在有空嗎？Are you a middle school student?你是一名中學(xué)生嗎？Are you satisfied with it?你對(duì)它滿意嗎？比較你是美國(guó)人嗎？Are you an American?(唐突，不雅)Are you from Am

30、erica? (宜用)62 area, region, district和zone1 area為一般用語，邊界不十分分明，可大可小，可作“面積、領(lǐng)域”講，不指行政上的地理單位。This school covers an area of 300 mu.這所學(xué)校占地300畝。My study is 12 square meters in area.我的書房面積是12平方米。There have been many developments in the area of language teaching.語言教學(xué)領(lǐng)域已有很多新的發(fā)展。region指固定的一個(gè)區(qū)域，地理范圍較大，這一區(qū)域以一定的特點(diǎn)

31、或條件而不同于其他地區(qū)，也指人體的區(qū)(部)位。region還可表示“領(lǐng)域”。They are trying hard to build up the borderregions.他們?cè)谂ㄔO(shè)邊區(qū)。He had a pain in the region of his heart yesterday.他昨天感到心臟疼痛。He is an authority in the region of chemistry.他是化學(xué)領(lǐng)域的權(quán)威。district指行政區(qū)，可以分得比較細(xì)，可指同一城市內(nèi)的各種區(qū)域，也可以是大的具體的行政區(qū)。Londons West End and East End are ent

32、irely different districts of the city.倫敦東區(qū)和西區(qū)是全然不同的行政區(qū)。zone是與外部有嚴(yán)格界線的行政區(qū)或地區(qū)。Shenzhen is a special zone.深圳是一個(gè)特區(qū)。坡的； doedoonent teoion 開發(fā)區(qū)(沒有嚴(yán)格限制地adevelopment zone開發(fā)區(qū)(嚴(yán)格限制地域的)63 argue和debateargue為普通用語，常指為堅(jiān)持己見，進(jìn)行推理，或弄清一個(gè)問題，提出論證說理，進(jìn)行熱烈爭(zhēng)論，以說服他人。Lets not argue about this.我們別為這件事爭(zhēng)論了。I argued with her for a

33、 long time,but she refused to listen to reason.我和她辯論了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但她拒不服理。提示1argue構(gòu)成的常用搭配：argue about/over a matter 為某事爭(zhēng)論argue on a subject 就一個(gè)專題進(jìn)行辯論argue on a question就一問題進(jìn)行辯論argue with sb.about sth.為某事同某人辯論argue against sb. about sth.為某事同某人辯論argue against each other about sth.為某事互相爭(zhēng)吵argue o doingsth.說服某人做某

34、事argue sb.out of doing sth.說服某人不做某事2argue可接that從句，但不可接不定式或when, what,whether引導(dǎo)的從句。He argued that she should not go.他爭(zhēng)辯說，她不應(yīng)該去。 debate正式用語，強(qiáng)調(diào)雙方陳述理由，進(jìn)行全面的、徹底的辯論，目的是通過爭(zhēng)論，以求得到正確的認(rèn)識(shí)或達(dá)成共識(shí)。They are debating a question now.他們正在辯論一個(gè)問題。The committee debated whether an expressway should be built or not.委員會(huì)就是否應(yīng)

35、修建一條高速公路進(jìn)行了辯論。The subject was hotly debated.這個(gè)題目曾經(jīng)過熱烈的辯論。提示debate構(gòu)成的常用搭配：debate on/about the question 辯論某個(gè)問題debate with sb.同某人辯論debate what to do next辯論下一步怎么做64 arise, appear,loom和emerge arise表示“出現(xiàn)”，側(cè)重在人們覺察，覺察方式可以是視覺、聽覺、嗅覺，尤其是心靈的感知，風(fēng)雨的出現(xiàn)，機(jī)遇、困難、變化、必要性等的出現(xiàn)，都可以用arise。A new problem has arisen.出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的問題。

36、A difficulty arose right here.就在這里出現(xiàn)了困難。 loom指仿佛從昏暗或霧中出現(xiàn)，隱約出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)在比喻意義上，可以表示恐怖而又龐然的東西突然出現(xiàn)。After several days voyage a strap of land loomed in the distance.一連航行了幾天，一長(zhǎng)條陸地在遠(yuǎn)處隱約出現(xiàn)。A terrible volcano eruption is looming for theisland.一場(chǎng)可怕的火山爆發(fā)陰影籠罩著該島。emerge表示在一段隱蔽、模糊、不為人所察的狀況之下，穿破包圍而出現(xiàn)，或第一次出現(xiàn)。The moon eme

37、rges from the dark cloud.月亮從烏云中鉆了出來。appear是最一般的詞，沒有什么特殊含義，只表示出現(xiàn)了，可以見到了。Venus appeats both in the early morning and atdusk.金星在清晨和黃昏時(shí)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)。65 art, skill和techniqueart最普通，可表示多門技巧，為不可數(shù)名詞，也表示“藝術(shù)”。the art of writing寫作技巧the art of cooking烹飪技術(shù)the art of making friends交友技巧the art of building 建筑藝術(shù)literature and

38、 art文學(xué)與藝術(shù) skill表示專門性或高超的技術(shù)，技能，也表示“熟練，嫻熟”。play the piano with skill 鋼琴?gòu)椀檬炀歵he skill of a surgeon外科醫(yī)生的技術(shù)3technique表示體育、工藝、工業(yè)等的“技術(shù)，技能”。drawing technique繪畫技巧advanced farming technique 先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)66 article, essay,paper和thesis1 article最常用，指書籍、報(bào)刊上的文章。The newspaper has a good article on gardening.本報(bào)上有一篇談園藝的佳作。

39、See the article printed in the Outlook for October15.請(qǐng)參閱10月15號(hào)瞭望雜志刊登的那篇文章。2essay表示“論文，小品文，隨筆”，指在學(xué)校作為作業(yè)而寫的短文或短小的論述文。I have to write an essay entitled“My Friend”.我得寫一篇題為“我的朋友”的文章。 paper表示“論文”，常指在學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表或在學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上宣讀的專題論文，也指學(xué)生的學(xué)期論文。paper水平不如thesis高，篇幅也較短。He is preparing a paper on world population for the

40、meeting.他正在為會(huì)議準(zhǔn)備一篇關(guān)于世界人口的論文。Her term paper was well received by the class.她的學(xué)期論文受到班級(jí)好評(píng)。thesis為一種綜述性論文，是對(duì)某一專業(yè)的綜合性論述，通過大量閱讀專業(yè)書籍和雜志而寫成，介于50350頁(yè)。He wrote the doctors thesis within two years.他在兩年里寫了那篇博士論文。67 artificial,imitative,false和syntheticartificial特指按人的藝術(shù)觀點(diǎn)或技能模仿天然物質(zhì)的仿造品。artificial也表示“做作的”。artificia

41、l diamonds人造鉆石I hate her artificial looks on the face.我討厭她做作的面部表情。imitative強(qiáng)調(diào)仿制品具有與原物相近的特性。false特指替代物用以彌補(bǔ)缺失，有時(shí)指?jìng)窝b的物品。 synthetic指用化學(xué)方法合成的材料。man-made強(qiáng)調(diào)人工作用。false teeth假牙a false bottom(箱子等的)夾層synthetic rubber 人造橡膠“人工湖”用artificial lake和man-madelake都可以。“人造革”用artificial/man-made/synthetic leather都可以。68 as

42、用法難點(diǎn) as用作介詞。(1)表示“作為，充當(dāng)”。As a young man, you should work hard.作為年輕人，你應(yīng)該努力工作。This room is used as a reading room.這間屋子被用作閱覽室。(2)表示“像，如同”，后跟名詞或代詞。Her mother still treats her as a baby.她母親仍然把她像小孩子一樣對(duì)待。We should unite as one man.我們應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)得如同一人。as用作連詞。(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或者一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊隨另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。As I was

43、leaving, the teacher saw me.當(dāng)我離開時(shí)，老師看到了我。As they talked, they listened to the music.他們一邊談話，一邊聽音樂。(2)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“因?yàn)椤保喈?dāng)于because。I dont go downtown very often, as I am busy with my lessons.我不常進(jìn)城，因?yàn)槲夜φn很忙。As it rained hard that day, they put off themeeting.由于那天下大雨，他們?nèi)∠四谴螘?huì)議。(3)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“如同，像”。He speak

44、s English just as Englishmen do.他說英語就像英國(guó)人說英語一樣。She studies as others do.她像別人一樣地學(xué)習(xí)。Shes a writer, as her mother used to be.她像母親以前一樣是一位作家。(4)在asas，asas possible等結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)比較狀語。asas還表示“和一樣”,not so/asas表示“不如，不及”。Ill finish the work as soon as I can.我將盡早完成這項(xiàng)工作。Please come as early as possible.請(qǐng)盡量早來。(=Please c

45、ome as early as you can.)David plays football as well as Frank.大衛(wèi)足球踢得和弗蘭克一樣好。She seems as busy as she used to be.她好像和以前一樣忙。It is not so simple as it sounds.這不像聽上去那樣簡(jiǎn)單。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然，盡管”，但要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞形容詞+as+主語+謂語副詞動(dòng)詞+as+主語Child as he is,he knows a lot of things.他雖然是個(gè)孩子，但知道許多事情。(注意，這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞前不用冠詞，不可說

46、A child as he is或Thechild as he is。)Clever as he is, he cant do it.盡管他很聰明，也做不了這事。Much as she admired him,she didnt love him.盡管她很欽佩他，但并不愛他。比較Hard as he tried,he didnt succeed.他雖然非常努力，但沒有成功。(讓步狀語從句)As he tried hard,he succeeded.由于他非常努力，他成功了。(原因狀語從句)as用作關(guān)系代詞，表示“像一樣，正如一樣”，常用于as is known(眾所周知)，以及asis kno

47、wn to all (眾所周知)，the same as (如同一樣)，as follows(如下)結(jié)構(gòu)中。He wears the same shoes as his father does.他穿的鞋同他父親穿的一樣。As is known to all, China has made greatprogress.眾所周知，中國(guó)已經(jīng)取得了巨大進(jìn)步。This dictionary is not such as I expect.這不是我所期望的詞典。(as引導(dǎo)從句修飾such)As he said, we could not finish the work on time.正如他所說的，我們不

48、能按時(shí)完成工作。The machine, as had been expected, has gonewrong.正如預(yù)料的那樣，這臺(tái)機(jī)器出毛病了。比較Three days ago I lost the same watch as youhave.三天前，我丟了一塊像你一樣的手表。(手表款式相同，但不是同一塊表)Three days ago I lost the same watch that youhave.三天前，我丟的就是你現(xiàn)在的這塊手表。(為同一塊手表)提示such as作“例如”解時(shí)，用于對(duì)前面所說的事物作進(jìn)一步的舉例說明，所列的項(xiàng)目不可全部列出。Some big cities in

49、 China, such as Nanjing, Xian and Hangzhou, are famous for theit scenicspots.中國(guó)的一些大城市，如南京、西安和杭州，都以風(fēng)景名勝而著稱。He has been to a lot of countries, such asJapan， England and France.他到過許多國(guó)家，如日本、英國(guó)和法國(guó)。69 as early as,as muchas和twice asasasas并不僅僅表示同等比較，它還有其他多種用法。as+副詞原級(jí)+as表示“盡可能地”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是副詞，指同一人盡可能地做某事，不是兩者的比

50、較。He ran as fast as he could.他盡可能快地跑。Ill return as early as possible.我將盡早返回。I want to see her as soon as possible.我要盡早見到她。2as many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+as和as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as表示“盡可能多的，同一樣多的”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是名詞。You need to read as many books as possible.你需要讀盡可能多的書。Please lend me as much money as you can.請(qǐng)盡可能多地借錢給我。I have as man

51、y books as you have.我的書同你的書一樣多。I havent got as much money as I need.我沒有所需要的那么多錢。The manager has had as many people as he needs.經(jīng)理已經(jīng)請(qǐng)夠了他所需要的人。3as+many(名詞） +as和as+much(名詞)+as結(jié)構(gòu)中的many和much是名詞，指某事，表示“盡可能多的某物，同一樣多的某物”。比較Please take as many as you can.請(qǐng)盡可能多的帶上。(many作名詞)Please take as many books as you can

52、.請(qǐng)盡可能多的帶上書。(many作形容詞)He drank as much as he could.他盡興地喝。(much 作名詞)He drank as much wine as he could.他盡興地喝酒。(much作形容詞)He didnt get as much as he expected.他沒有得到所期望的那么多。(much作名詞)He didnt get as much money as he expected.他沒有得到所期望的那么多錢。 asas結(jié)構(gòu)前可以加數(shù)詞，表示倍數(shù)或數(shù)量，如twice, six times, half, a quarter,three-fourth

53、s等。This mountain is twice as high as that one.這座山比那座山高一倍。He has five times as many books as I.他的書比我的書多四倍。The road is not half as long as expected.這條路沒有所預(yù)料的一半長(zhǎng)。This hospital has got two-thirds as many doctors as it needs.這所醫(yī)院現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)生人數(shù)是所需要的三分之二。 asas前面可用almost,nearly, exactly, just, nothing like 等修飾。She

54、 is nearly as tall as her mother.她幾乎同她母親一樣高。This book is exactly as thick as that one.這本書同那本書剛好一樣厚。Your handwriting is every bit as good as his.你的書法同他的一樣好。He is nothing like as modest as he used to be.他不像以前那樣謙遜了。60as+形容詞/副詞+as+形容詞/副詞表示“既又”。The boy is as honest as clever.這男孩既聰明又誠(chéng)實(shí)。The water in the la

55、ke is as clean as clear.這湖水既清澈又干凈。He paints as beautifully as quickly.他畫得又快又好。7 asas構(gòu)成的慣用語很多。as well as和as long as只要as soon as一就as tame as a chicken 非常聽話as good as ones word一諾千金as sure as death 千真萬確as hungry as a wolf 饑腸轆轆as large as life栩栩如生as stubborn as a mule 固執(zhí)己見as like as two pears一模一樣as thin

56、as a lath骨瘦如柴as drunk as a sow爛醉如泥70 as far as和as long as1as far as有兩種含義：1表示“就而言”；表示“到地點(diǎn)”。As far as I know, he is very honest.就我所知，他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。They strolled as far as the beach.他們散步到海邊。This is the only thing we can do, as far as I see.就我所知，這是我們唯一能做的事。As far as I can understand it is quite out of hispower.就

57、我的理解，這真的超出了他的能力。As far as I can remember, they are all honest and hardworking men.在我的記憶里，他們都是誠(chéng)實(shí)、勤勞的人們。2 as long as也有兩種含義：表示“只要”，這時(shí)也可說成so long as；2表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)之久”。You can succeed as long as you try your best.只要竭盡全力，你就會(huì)成功。He felt free and happy, as long as he was athome.只要他一回到家，就感到自在且快樂。As long as you can ke

58、ep away from them, you aresafe.只要你遠(yuǎn)離他們，你就是安全的。He stayed in the middle school as long as fouryears.他在那所中學(xué)里待了四年之久。71 as followsas follows是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語，意為“如下”，常用作表語，也可作方式狀語。作表語時(shí)，不論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，均用as follows。His speech is as follows.他的演講內(nèi)容如下。The rules are as follows.規(guī)章制度如下。The letter reads as follows.信的內(nèi)容如下。72 as

59、 if和as thoughas if和as though的用法幾乎完全相同，表示“好像，仿佛”，只是as if用得更為普遍。as if/asthough引導(dǎo)狀語從句，有三種時(shí)態(tài)：表示有可能動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞用一般過去式表示與過去事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞用過去完成式It looks as if it is going to rain.看來好像要下雨了。My teacher loves me as though I were his ownchild.我的老師愛我就像自己的孩子一樣。He looks as if nothing had happened.他看起來好像什么事都沒有發(fā)生過。2a

60、s if/as though后也可接不定式，表示即將發(fā)生的情況。She opened her lips as if (she was going) tospeak.她張開嘴好像有話要說。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他舉起手，好像要取下帽子。as if/as though后還可接名詞、形容詞（短語)、介詞短語和分詞。He acts as if a fool.他做事像個(gè)傻子。The mountain appears as if covered with whitesnow.那座山看上去好像有白雪覆蓋一樣。She glanced abou