涉外護(hù)理英語中級(jí)教程unit

1、涉外護(hù)理英語中級(jí)教程English for International NursingMeeting The Basic HumanNeeds (1)涉外護(hù)理英語中級(jí)教程Unit Eleven OUTLINERelated InformationNotes to Text ANotes to Text BKey to Exercises Text AKey to Exercises Text BWarming-up ActivitiesReferenceKey to Warming-up ActivitiesWarming-up ActivitiesDifficult Sentences an

2、d Key Words1wring: 擰；絞；緊握While most of grains can be directly taken off the plant and eaten , can you wring a chickens neck and then bite into it ? 蘋果、豌豆、谷物大多直接摘下來即可食用，你能擰掉雞脖子就開始吃嗎？They stoop and grin, and wring their papery hands. 他們俯身微笑，薄如紙張的雙手絞在一起。Example:Warming-up ActivitiesDifficult Sentences

3、and Key Words2If its daytime and you have no other shelter, dig a ditch exerting yourself as little as possible a foot or two deep, preferably in the shade of a shrub.參考譯文：如果是白天，且無遮擋庇護(hù)之處，就花最少的力氣去挖條一兩英尺深的小溝，其最好能處于灌木的遮蔽之下。Warming-up ActivitiesDifficult Sentences and Key Words3exert oneself：努力；盡力If one

4、 does not exert oneself in youth, one will regret it in old age. 年輕力壯的時(shí)候不奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)，到了老年，悲傷也沒用了。 Exert oneself a whole life, feeling no remorse at all. 拼一年春夏秋冬，搏一生無怨無悔！Example:Warming-up ActivitiesDifficult Sentences and Key Words4If its daytime and you have no other shelter, dig a ditch exerting yourself

5、 as little as possible a foot or two deep, preferably in the shade of a shrub.dig a ditch exerting yourself as little as possible.此處文章exerting yourself as little as possible 做了伴隨狀語。Warming-up ActivitiesDifficult Sentences and Key Words5strip: 剝奪；剝?nèi)ィ幻撊ヒ路he children were brazenly stripping off and le

6、aping into the sea.這些孩子們那時(shí)正無所顧忌地脫掉衣服，跳進(jìn)海里。After Mike left for work I stripped the beds and vacuumed the carpets.邁克去上班后，我揭下了床罩并吸了地毯。Example:Warming-up ActivitiesDifficult Sentences and Key Words6pluck: 摘；拽；扯I plucked a lemon from the tree.我從樹上摘下一枚檸檬。He plucked the cigarette from his mouth and tossed

7、it out into the street.他從嘴上扯下了香煙，扔在外面的街上。Example:Key to Exercises Text AI. Answer the following questions according to the text.Can you describe a typical desert setting based on the beginning of the text? _If it is summertime, you will find that sun rages by day and temperatures over 40 degrees wri

8、ng water from your body. At night its so cold that you shiver. The only sign of life is an occasional lizard or snake, and no real water is visible.ExercisesKey to Exercises Text AWhat is the first thing you must remember when trapped in a desert? Why? _ _The first thing you must remember is that yo

9、u should not move around a lot or exert yourself too much. Because you can easily lose a lot of water by digging to make shelter, walking, jumping, or striping your clothes off in desert heat. Two or three days of water loss can be enough to kill you. ExercisesKey to Exercises Text AWhat do you need

10、 to pay attention to when you sit or sleep? _If you sit on the ground, sit on a couple of shrub branches. If possible, sleep a little off the ground.ExercisesKey to Exercises Text AHow can you get water from different sources? _ _Start by finding if there is water in your cars cooling system. You ca

11、n also get water from some desert plants like cactus. If you are lucky, you can sometimes find water holes in the desert. You can harvest good water in the form of dew drops from car hoods.ExercisesKey to Exercises Text AHow can you make sure that the plant you eat will not poison you? _You can pluc

12、k off a piece about the size of a pea and taste it. If it tastes all right, eat the small piece and wait as long as possible to see how your stomach reacts. If you still feel well after a day, go back to the plant and eat a little bit more.ExercisesKey to Exercises Text ASum up how you can meet the

13、basic physical needs while waiting for the rescuers to arrive? _If you know how to find water and food in the desert, and how to make shelter for yourself and keep cool during the day and keep warm at night, your chances of seeing rescuers arrive will be really good.ExercisesKey to Warming-up Activi

14、tiesII. Learn the use of idiomatic expressions with the help of a dictionary.WaterDont pour cold water on the plan; it has some good points.His explanation of why hes been late so many times just doesnt hold water.I must have told him a hundred times, and he always forgets its like water off a ducks

15、 back.Look, its all water under the bridge now. Lets leave it behind us.Exercises說得通耳旁風(fēng)無法改變的事 氣餒Related InformationDehydration:Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the loss of body fluids, mostly water, exceeds the amount that is taken in. The causes for dehydration may be various, ranging fr

16、om fever, to inaccessibility to drinkable water. Dehydration can be really deadly, persons who have experienced a long term dehydration should seek for medication attention immediately if the following signs appear: Related InformationDehydration: When to seek for medical care ?Increased or constant

17、 vomiting for more than a dayFever over 101FDiarrhea for more than 2 daysWeight loss Decreased urine productionConfusionWeaknessRelated InformationAerobic VS Anaerobic exerciseAerobic exercises: refer to exercises with free oxygen, and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands du

18、ring exercise via aerobic metabolism. Anaerobic exercise: Oxygen is not present with anaerobic exercise. It is a sort of physical exercise intense enough to cause lactate to form.Although each person has other, unique needs, these basic human needs are shared by all people, and the extent to which a

19、 person s health needs are met is a major factor in determining a person s level of health.參考譯文：盡管每個(gè)人有其他獨(dú)特的需求，所有人都會(huì)有這些基本的人類需求。而多大程度上一個(gè)人的健康需求得到滿足則是決定一個(gè)人健康水平的重要因素。本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，尤其是后面一句。其中the extent to which a persons health needs are met為句子主語，其中心詞為the extent，定語從句to which a person s health needs are met修飾ex

20、tent。Notes to Text A1Difficult Sentences and Key Wordsextent： 程度；范圍The extent of human cooperation is unique, but not cooperation itself. 人類的合作程度，而非合作本身，是獨(dú)一無二的。Notes to Text A2Difficult Sentences and Key WordsExample:Other signs of inadequate oxygenation include nasal flaring and retractions, inabil

21、ity to lie flat, or rapid breathing.參考譯文:氧氣不足的其他跡象包括鼻翼扇動(dòng)和回縮、無法平躺或者呼吸急促。注意句中的“多枝共干”現(xiàn)象，即nasal flaring and retractions邏輯上等于nasal flaring and nasal retractions。Notes to Text A3Difficult Sentences and Key WordsThe ability to completely control elimination of solid waste by bowel evacuation occurs at abou

22、t 30 to 36 months of age.參考譯文：30至36月齡嬰兒具備完全控制由排便方式排出固體廢物的能力。注意本句主語為：The ability to completely control elimination of solid waste by bowel evacuation，其中elimination of solid waste by bowel evacuation為具有邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的名詞詞組，本身做不定式短語to completely control的賓語。Notes to Text A4Difficult Sentences and Key WordsKey to

23、 Exercises Text AI. Choose the best answers to the following questions.1. How do we define basic human needs?A. Those needs shared by all people.B. The unique needs each individual has.C. The needs necessary for health and happiness.D. Needs concerned with physiology and psychologyText Comprehension

24、Key to Exercises Text A2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?A. Brain tissue cannot survive without oxygen for long.B. Man can survive without oxygen through anaerobic metabolism.C. Some human tissues can survive without oxygen for some time.D. Tissues have different

25、 needs for oxygen.Text ComprehensionKey to Exercises Text A3. Which of the following is NOT true in terms of tissues receiving necessary oxygen?A. Oxygen must be delivered from the outside environment to the tissues.B. There is a risk for inadequate delivery of oxygen at any time of ones life.C. Unm

26、et need for oxygen may either be acute or chronic.D. Cardiac arrest and emphysema result from inadequate supply of oxygen.Text ComprehensionKey to Exercises Text A4. Which of the following is NOT a sign that a client may have unmet need for oxygen?A. The client seems to be confused or lethargic.B. T

27、he client is unable to lie down and breathes rapidly.C. The clients mucous membrane is red and dry.D. The clients skin shows a bluish color.Text ComprehensionKey to Exercises Text A5. Which of the following is NOT a proper nursing intervention for patients with low oxygen level?A. Having the client

28、breathe into a paper bag to combat hyperventilation.B. Reassuring, teaching, and counseling clients to decrease anxiety.C. Helping the client rest comfortably to ease difficulty in breathing.D. Carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.Text ComprehensionKey to Exercises Text AII. Decide

29、 whether each of the following statements is True (T) or False (F) according to the text._1. Waste products are eliminated by several different organs._2. The lungs eliminate both carbon dioxide and water._3. A client with fever or prolonged exposure to hot humid weather should limit the intake of f

30、luids._4. The kidneys play a major role in removing excess body fluids, electrolytes, hydrogen ions, and acids from the body.Text ComprehensionTTFTKey to Exercises Text A_5. Elimination of water from the kidneys remains relatively constant regardless of the amount of fluid one takes._6. An acute or

31、chronic kidney disorder may result in fluid and electrolyte imbalances._7. Problems of bowel elimination may affect a clients bowel elimination patterns or diet patterns._8. Inserting a catheter or administering a soapsuds enema is a simple way to help clients with bowel elimination problems.Text Co

32、mprehensionFTTFKey to Exercises Text AI. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given.1. Overdose can lead to cardiac , doctors say2. Ill have some flowers to the bedside of the patient.3. The operation could , his life by two or three years. 4. A nurse has many duties to in caring for

33、 the sick.5. The average daily dietary of calories is 2,952 Kcal per person.6. The hot and humid weather was making us all . VocabularyarrestdeliveredprolongfulfillintakelethargicKey to Exercises Text A7. The worsening problem of air pollution the health of all who live on this planet.8. The heat ca

34、n be adjusted easily by sweating.VocabularyoutputconcernsKey to Exercises Text AII. Choose the correct word to complete each of the following sentences.1. After only a short to sunlight he began to turn red.A. access B. contact C. impairment D. exposure2. It is doctors responsibility to treat patien

35、ts and protect their and dignity.A. privacy B. efficiency C. dependency D. normalcyVocabularyKey to Exercises Text AII. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct word given. 3. Frequent use of laxatives disrupts the bodys natural elimination patterns and may cause .A. obstruction B. c

36、onstipation C. evacuation D. Destruction4. When a patient suffers from acute , the nurse assesses the patient for symptoms of dehydration, such as dry skin, and decreased urine output. A. enema B. edema C. Diarrhea D.uremiaVocabularyKey to Exercises Text AII. Complete the following sentences by choo

37、sing the correct word given. 5. The elimination of waste materials is one of the processes of the body. A. aerobic B. anaerobic C. characteristic D. metabolicVocabularyKey to Exercises Text AI. In the following sentences, the italicized part is used appositionally, giving a more detailed explanation

38、 of the word or phrase before it. Point out the appositional construction in the sentences below. Model:Certain tissues, such as skeletal muscles, can survive for a time without oxygen through anaerobic metabolism, a process by which these tissues provide their own energy in the absence of oxygen.Ti

39、ssues that carry out only aerobic metabolism, the process of providing energy in the presence of oxygen, depend totally on oxygen for survival.Grammar and StructureKey to Exercises Text AClients with a progressive long-term decrease in tissue oxygen show cyanosis, the bluish discoloration of the ski

40、n and mucous membranes caused by decreased oxygen in the blood. _ _ _Grammar and StructureClients with a progressive long-term decrease in tissue oxygen show cyanosis, the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by decreased oxygen in the blood.Key to Exercises Text AHypothermia

41、, the opposite of fever, is caused mainly by prolonged exposure to cold, rarely by abnormal conditions within the body. _ _Grammar and StructureHypothermia, the opposite of fever, is caused mainly by prolonged exposure to cold, rarely by abnormal conditions within the body.Key to Exercises Text ACli

42、ents with a progressive long-term decrease in tissue oxygen show cyanosis, the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by decreased oxygen in the blood. _ _ _Grammar and StructureAmong the most important of the large collections of nerve fibers is the internal capsule, a crowded

43、 strip of white matter where any injury is apt to cause extensive damage.Key to Exercises Text AII. Complete each of the following sentences by fitting in an adverbial clause of condition.A. if a client has difficulty eliminating excess carbon dioxideB. unless something is done to restore circulatio

44、n immediatelyC. as long as it has no antifreeze in itD. provided (that) water is availableGrammar and StructureKey to Exercises Text A1. Water in your cars cooling system is drinkable .2. , nursing measures are needed to prevent severe impairment or death.3. One can survive quite a long while withou

45、t food, .4. The victim of chock will die very quickly, .Grammar and StructureCADBKey to Exercises Text AI. Translate the following sentences into English.1.水和空氣是維持生命的最基本需求。_ 2.除了物質(zhì)上的基本需求外，人類還有情感需求。_ _TranslationWater and air are the most basic needs to sustain life.In addition to the basic needs on

46、material, humans also have emotional needs.Key to Exercises Text A 3.嚴(yán)重的缺氧使他面色蒼白，口唇發(fā)紫。_ 4.醫(yī)生和護(hù)士正在對(duì)傷員進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇。_ _5.醫(yī)生再三督促他要養(yǎng)成規(guī)律的排便習(xí)慣。 _ _TranslationSevere hypoxia made his face pale and his lips purple.Doctors and nurses are performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the wounded.The doctor repeatedly

47、urged him to develop regular bowel habits.void：使無效；排放Send an e-mail to the manufacturing plant administrator to inform him or her to void the previous order.發(fā)送一封電子郵件給制造廠的管理者，通知他或她取消前面的訂單。Notes to Text B1Difficult Sentences and Key WordsExample:intake：攝??；攝取量Also, try to limit your intake of caffeine

48、and alcohol. 你也要限制你的咖啡因和酒精的攝入量。Sleep deprivation alters levels of the hormones that regulate food intake and body fat and increase hunger and appetite. 缺乏睡眠會(huì)改變體內(nèi)控制食物攝取和體脂肪的激素水平，增加饑餓感，促進(jìn)食欲。Notes to Text B2Difficult Sentences and Key WordsExample:alteration：修改，改變；變更Any alteration to DNA that can poten

49、tially result in a change in the function of one or more genes. 任何有潛在性的會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)或更多基因的功能變化的DNA的改變。Notes to Text B3Difficult Sentences and Key WordsExample:Word Family:alternate v.使交替；使輪流excruciating adj.供選擇的；選擇性的；交替的excruciation n.交替，輪流，間隔Notes to Text BDifficult Sentences and Key WordsThis position pro

50、motes contraction of the pelvicand intra-abdominal muscles that assist in sphincter control and bladder contraction.參考譯文：該姿勢能促進(jìn)盆腔及腹內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)助括約肌控制膀胱收縮的肌肉收縮。本句中muscles that assist中的that 為定語從句連詞，前面的先行詞為musclesNotes to Text B4Difficult Sentences and Key Wordscontraction：收縮；緊縮A byproduct will be the massive

51、contraction of their deficits, probably by more than half, through import reductions. 其副產(chǎn)品是美國將削減進(jìn)口以大規(guī)模收縮其赤字，可能達(dá)到一半以上。Notes to Text B5Difficult Sentences and Key WordsExample:Key to Exercises Text BI. Choose the best answers to the following questions according to the text.Who are clients with establ

52、ished urination problems?A. Clients who have a tendency to have urination problems.B. Clients who may develop potential urination problems.C. Clients who have already had urination problems.D. Clients who are at high risk for urination problems.Review and PracticeKey to Exercises Text B2. Which of t

53、he following is NOT a factor that influences the clients ability to void?A. Whether or not the client can go to the toilet alone.B. Whether or not the client feels the urge to urinate.C. Whether or not the client can control the urethral sphincter.D. Whether or not the client can relax.Review and Pr

54、acticeKey to Exercises Text B3. Which of the measures can be used to promote relaxation and the reflex to void?A. Helping clients assume the normal position for voiding.B. Making sounds similar to the sound of running water.C. Putting a clients hand in a pan of warm water.D. All of the above.Review

55、and PracticeKey to Exercises Text B4. Which of the details should a nurse pay attention to in helping a client to void?A. Encouraging the client to establish routines of voiding.B. Considering the clients habit when making care plans.C. Requiring the client to finish voiding within a short time.D. O

56、ffering clients the opportunity to void several times a day.Review and PracticeKey to Exercises Text B5. Which of the following statements about urinating is RIGHT?A. Privacy is essential for normal voiding whether in the bathroom or at the bedside.B. Young children do not seem to feel the need for

57、privacy when urinating.C. Clients should form the habit of doing nothing when urinating.D. Keeping the toilet room clean can make voiding quicker.Review and PracticeKey to Exercises Text BII. Answer the following questions according to the text.How much water should a client with no need for fluid r

58、estriction drink daily? _A client with normal renal function who does not have heart disease or alterations requiring fluid restriction should drink 2 000 to 2500 ml of fluid daily.Review and PracticeKey to Exercises Text BWhy is it advisable or even necessary to drink so large an amount of water? _Adequate intake of water increases the ou