2022屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題 導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、 2022屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 導(dǎo)學(xué)案細(xì)節(jié)理解題在英語(yǔ)高考閱讀理解中占了較大的比重，但此類(lèi)題型相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，只需要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，回到原文定位信息區(qū)間，稍加比對(duì)，就能得出答案。因此，對(duì)于這類(lèi)題目要力求讀得快、找得準(zhǔn)、答得對(duì)，力爭(zhēng)不丟分，保住基本分才能得高分。一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題的分類(lèi)在考題中，答題信息可以直接在文中獲取的，我們稱(chēng)之為直接信息題，這類(lèi)試題主要出現(xiàn)在每年每套題的閱讀理解A篇的信息類(lèi)文本中。需要對(duì)文中兩個(gè)或多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納概括的，我們稱(chēng)之為歸納概括題。正確選項(xiàng)是對(duì)文中信息進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)換，我們稱(chēng)之為語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題。需要對(duì)文中提供的數(shù)字進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算才可得出答案的，我們稱(chēng)之為數(shù)字計(jì)算

2、題。二、解題方法與步驟（根據(jù)題干定位很重要！）不論哪類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)題，我們?cè)谂孱}目所問(wèn)之后，第一步，在題干中選定定位詞(如專(zhuān)有名詞、數(shù)字、縮略詞，以及能體現(xiàn)問(wèn)題中心的名詞或動(dòng)詞等)；第二步，用選定的定位詞(一般用1或2個(gè))去文中尋找答題信息句，即信息定位；第三步，仔細(xì)閱讀找到的信息句及其上下句，將信息句與各選項(xiàng)比較，選出正確答案。即“一定二找三比較”。三、高考真題實(shí)踐1直接信息題定位題干信息解題關(guān)鍵：閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞速讀文章，尋找題干關(guān)鍵詞比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文廣告、演出信息、航班時(shí)間表等應(yīng)用文的閱讀，不必閱讀全文，宜采用“題干定位”法。先看題目，從題干中提取關(guān)鍵信息，采用速讀技巧快速定位，仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)

3、與文中細(xì)節(jié)，確定答案。典型例題2021年全國(guó)甲卷 21題 Take a view, the Landscape（風(fēng)景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of todays most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photogr

4、aphy of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.Who would most probably enter for Take a view?Writers B.Photographers C.Painters D.Tourists點(diǎn)撥：第一步，讀題干，確定Take a view為定位詞。第二步，用定位詞文中找到Take a view is a desirable annual c

5、ompetition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. 可知，對(duì)于來(lái)自英國(guó)和世界各地的攝影師來(lái)說(shuō)，Take a view是一項(xiàng)令人向往的年度比賽。第三步，對(duì)比各項(xiàng)只有B項(xiàng)正確對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1. 2020年新高考卷23 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air ticket

6、s, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50

7、honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 2.2020年全國(guó)卷22Train InformationAll customers travelling

8、on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between trai

9、n services and bus services. Lost property (失物招領(lǐng))Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. At which station can you find the lost pr

10、operty office?Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.2、間接信息題（語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換）同義互釋轉(zhuǎn)換解題關(guān)鍵：閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞掃讀原文，鎖定信息用同義、近義或反義的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換間接信息題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。在做間接信息題時(shí)，要做到“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”?！皟申P(guān)注”是指關(guān)注正確選項(xiàng)的兩個(gè)特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中語(yǔ)言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思；二是對(duì)文章信息的歸納?！耙环婪丁笔侵阜婪陡蓴_選項(xiàng)的逼真性，稍有不慎就會(huì)落入命題人設(shè)置的陷阱

11、中。因此，在做細(xì)節(jié)理解間接信息題時(shí)，要根據(jù)所找信息，分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)比其中所用詞匯，避免誤選答案。必要時(shí)要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行歸納，然后比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)而選出正確答案。典型例題2020年全國(guó)卷33The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These inc

12、lude plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of

13、 chemical engineering at MIT. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A. To detect plants lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 點(diǎn)撥：由第二句 “These include plants that have sensors pri

14、nted onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water”可知，這些傳感器是用來(lái)檢測(cè)植物是否缺水的。故選A項(xiàng)，lack of water與be short of water同義。對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1.(2020年全國(guó)卷26)The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-i

15、ncome parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during pu

16、zzle play than the parents of girls. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game. C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.2.(2018年全國(guó)卷25) Many of us love July because

17、its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin CWhen combined with berries or slices of other fruits, froz

18、en bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas

19、will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.3.數(shù)

20、字計(jì)算題：“加減乘除”巧破解解題關(guān)鍵：閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞查找段落，劃定信息計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)，整合分析一般涉及年齡、時(shí)間、價(jià)格、距離等的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算。一般而言，數(shù)字計(jì)算題只要找到原文出處，經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單換算就可找出正確答案，但命題者往往會(huì)采取偷換概念、變更細(xì)節(jié)等手段設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)，考生若不仔細(xì)比較，很容易失分。解題方式：一定：將題干中的數(shù)字、名詞等確定為定位詞二找：在文中找到相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù) 三運(yùn)算：將相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，選出答案特殊詞： 40%off (打6折), fortnight兩周,dozen 十二，score二十,decade 十年，one out of five=one in five 五個(gè)當(dāng)中有1個(gè)， free

21、 of charge=for free免費(fèi)，discount折扣典型例題2020年新高考卷1Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office

22、of National Geographic World. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.點(diǎn)撥：根據(jù)Prizes部分中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice.”可知，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨伎梢詭б幻议L(zhǎng)和另一名由獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哌x擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢詭蓚€(gè)人，故選A項(xiàng)

23、。對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)(2018年全國(guó)卷25)In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. For many wh

24、o made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. O

25、ne out of five people got rich. C. Almost everyone gave up. D. Half of them died.4. 歸納概括題典型例題2020年新高考卷4Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (學(xué)費(fèi)), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work. B. S