[強(qiáng)烈推薦]高中英語語法——情態(tài)動詞總結(jié)(附帶練習(xí))

1、情態(tài)動詞總結(jié)I情態(tài)動詞的特征：本身有詞義。不能獨立作謂語。2.后接動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。不隨人稱和數(shù)的變化。II情態(tài)動詞各自的基本意義及用法1.can與could用法對比點cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldntunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“許可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“懷疑”No,no,itcantbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotb

2、etrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can與beableto區(qū)別could代替can，表示語氣更為婉轉(zhuǎn)。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Icancan（能夠）=beableto（僅表能力時），但beableto表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時態(tài)。2.may與might用法對比點maymight1.表“詢問”MayI.?（=CanI？）MightI.?（=CouldI.?）（但比用may更客氣）2.表“允許”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.（might與told相呼應(yīng)）3.表“可能”“或許”

3、Shemaynorlikethisplace.Imafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：MayI.?的答語。may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!may（might）用于目的狀語從句。肯定：Yes,youmay.否定：No,youmustnt不行（語氣強(qiáng)硬）No,youmaynot或No,youdbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.3.must與haveto用法對比點musthaveto1.表“必須”（主觀看法）必須；沒有過去式，可用于間接引

4、語中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時態(tài)。Itsrainingheavily,wecantgonow.2.疑問句MustI.?Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneednt./youdonthaveto.Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.（不必）Youdonthavetoworryaboutthat.4.need與dare用法對比點needdare1.情態(tài)v.+動詞原形1）否定式2）疑問式Heneednot(neednt)go.-Needwedoitagain?-No,youneedntdoi

5、tagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayImunfair?Ifhedaredothat,hellbepunished.Idaresay.(固定用法)2.實義v.+todo1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑問式Heneedstogo.Hedoesnt(doesnot)needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesntneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot(doesnt)daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhe

6、re,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示過去沒必要做Shedidntneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.(她沒有參加)5.should與oughtto用法對比點shouldoughtto1、表“應(yīng)該”表勸告、建議Youshouldlistentothedoctorsadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua.“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估計”Th

7、eyshouldgethomebynow.“非常可能”的事，可譯為“總應(yīng)該”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.注：should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用注意：oughtto的疑問式及否定式-Oughthetogo?-Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.-No,heoughtntto.否定式：oughtnttodo(不說oughttonotdo)反疑問句：oughtnt?6.shall與will用法shallwill1.征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：ShallI(we).?Shallhe(she).?Wheres

8、hallI(we)waitforyou?1.詢問對方的意思或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆螅篧illyou(please).?Wontyou.?Wouldyouliketo.?(would替代will更客氣)Wontyougoandseethefilm?你不去看電影嗎-Yes,IthinkIwill.不，我想去。2.表示說話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強(qiáng)制”“允諾”“決心”等,用于第二、三人稱。YoushalldowhatItellyou（todo）.我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。2.表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種

9、人稱：Iwontdoanythingyoudontlike.我不會做任何你不喜歡的事。Would表示過去時間的意志意愿Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。7.usedto與would用法usedtowould1表示過去的動作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比，不一定要有時間狀語。Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.只表示過去動作的重復(fù)，有明確的時間狀語。IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasin

10、themiddleschool.would后只接表動作的動詞，不接表認(rèn)識或狀態(tài)動詞Heuswdtobenervousintheexam.2.表示過去的習(xí)慣有時可互換：Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.3.表示過去的次數(shù)時，不能使用：(V)WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.注：usedtodo的否定式：usednttodo或didntusetodo

11、(usednt也可寫作usent)疑問式：fDidyouusetodo?JDidntyouusetodo?1Usedyoutodo?LUsedntyoutodo?II情態(tài)動詞表推測：1.大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞（除表能力、許可、意志外），都可以表示推測，其程度有差異。按可能性程度的高低排列為：mustwillwouldoughttoshould完全肯定完全可能很可能cancouldmaymight可能有可能區(qū)分情態(tài)動詞的否定含義：maynot或許不、可能不mightnot可能不cant不可能mustnt不許、禁止shouldnt不應(yīng)該neednt不必情態(tài)動詞表推測具體運用：情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過去

12、推測。S主+情態(tài)動詞+be+adj對“性質(zhì)”“特征”的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞+be+n對“職業(yè)”“事物”的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形對經(jīng)常性行為的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞+be+V-ing對進(jìn)行著的行為的推測S主+情態(tài)動詞+have+PP對過去的行為的推測情態(tài)動詞表推測時：1、can只能用于否定句和疑問句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了）3、如句中有情態(tài)動詞+完成時，定是對過去的推測。4、句中如有表示不肯定的話語E.gIamnotsure;Idontknow之類，常選may/might的各種形式。4.表示反勸的特殊的表推測形式1）.could+have+P.P.表示

13、本來能做到，但事實上沒有做到。Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame.2）.couldnt+have+P.P.表示本來不能做到，但已經(jīng)做到了。Shecouldnothavecoveredthewholedistance,butinfactshearrivedaheadoftime.3）neednt+have+P.P.表示本不必做的，但已經(jīng)做到了。Sheneednthaveattendedthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.4.)should/oughtto+have+P.P.表示該做而沒有做Theplan

14、tisdead.Ishould/oughttohavegivenotmorewater.5)shouldnt/oughtntto+have+P.P.表示不該做而做了。Yououghtntto/shouldnthavetakenherbikewithoutpermission.5.must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了）1.must+have+P.P.表示對過去肯定的推測，“一定是，準(zhǔn)是”Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedyesterday.2.can+have+P.P.表示對過去的推測邙限于問句中）Canshehavesaidso?他可能這樣說

15、嗎？3.cant+have+P.P.表示對過去的否定推測Hecannothavesaidsuchafoolishthing.、:I-注意：III情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句1.情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句，簡單來說，就是以情態(tài)動詞后的時態(tài)為淮，如句子里有明確的時間狀語，則以其為準(zhǔn)。2.以must為例：E.g.1.Youmustbehungrynow,arentyou?2.HemustbewatchingTV,isnthe?3Tommusthavelivedherforalongtime,hasnthe?4.Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didntshe?注：如選擇題中(以

16、Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didntshe?為例)既有didntshe又有hasntshe則以didntshe?為最佳答案。IV情態(tài)動詞專項練習(xí)與解析()1.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.maynot()2.Whereismypen?Iit.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost()3.IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadse

17、enD.weretosee()4.Ididnthearthephone.Iasleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen()5.IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented()6.Heyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mighthave

18、C.mayhavegivenD.maygive()7.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb()8.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe()9.Acomputerthinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A

19、.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot()10.Jennyhavekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would()11.Welastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy()12.CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou.A.mightB.willC.canD.should()13.To

20、moughtnottomeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold()14.Ifhe,hethatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()15.Petercomewithustonight,butheisntvery

21、sureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will()16.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIforher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout()17.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome()18.ShallItellJohnaboutit?No,you.Ivetold

22、himalready.A.needntB.wouldntC.mustntD.shouldnt()19.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken()20.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jackbehereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can()21.Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.Itacomfortabl

23、ejourney.A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen()22.Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt()23.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto()24.WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomo

24、rrowafternoon.Theybereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need()25.IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.D.musthavestayedD.IwontA.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstay()26.Willyoustayforlunch?Sorry,.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.Ineednt()27.AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?Imnotsu

25、re.Igototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might()28.Writetomewhenyougethome.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican()29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,youhomewithoutaword.A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleftC.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave()30.IsJohncomingbytrain?Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC

26、.needD.may【練習(xí)解析】1C從原題中Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike這一信息句可知，“你不必現(xiàn)在還”。D從原題中Whereismypen?這一信息句可告訴考生“筆丟了”丟的動作是過去發(fā)生的。因此用must+havedone表示對過去事實的肯定猜測。C原題中的yesterday這一信息詞告訴考生，在wish后的賓語從句中，用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反的愿望。B從原題中的Ididnthearthephone.這一信息可以判斷出，用musthavedone表示過去事實的準(zhǔn)確的肯定猜測。A從原題中l(wèi)astSaturday這一信息詞可知，條件句中用表示與過去

27、事實相反的過去完成時，主句用would+havedone。Amighthave+過去分詞，在次是虛擬語氣，表示“本來可以給你更多的幫助”，而事實則是幫助較少。C從原題中的yesterday這一信息詞暗示考生，該句應(yīng)選用與過去事實相反的過去完成時，Ifithadnotbeenfor“要不是因為”。D原題中的Withoutelectricity相當(dāng)于一個條件句：Iftherewerenoelectricity，故主句用humanlifewouldbequitedifficulttoday.Acan可以表示一種客觀上的能力，本句cant，表示“不能，不會”B從原題總的“Iwonderwhyshech

28、angedhermind”“我不知道為何他改變了主意了。”這句話告訴考生Janny沒有守諾言。因此，用should+havedone，表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事，而實際上沒有做”C可參看10題。意思是：“昨晚本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)，但是卻去聽音樂會了?！盋原題中的could不是過去時，而表示一種委婉、客氣的禮貌用語。因此用could提問時，用can回答。同樣用would，might提問，用will和may回答。注意一Wouldyouratherdosuchathing?Yes,Iwould.Wouldyoulikesometea?Yes,Iwould.這兩個對話中的wouldrather，wouldlike是

29、慣用法，故不能用will來回答。因為在這兩個句型中，will不能去替換would。A可參看10、15題。該句意思是：“湯姆本來不該告訴我你的秘密，但他沒有傷害你的意思。”oughtnottohavedone=shouldnthavedoneB從答語中的Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately這一信息句可提示考生，條件句應(yīng)填表示與過去事實相反的時態(tài)。B從原題中的butheisntverysureyet這一信息句可暗示考生，Peter當(dāng)晚來的可能性不大。A是“準(zhǔn)來，肯定來”，D是“將要來”。C可參看10、11、13題。“本應(yīng)該”而事實上沒有17D從原題中Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting和后文shewouldhavemetmybrother這兩個信息句可知，if條件句中應(yīng)填與過去事實相反的過去完成時?？蓞⒖?、7、14題。18A你不必告訴他。因為I