Chapter10-1路由器配置和應(yīng)用

1、Chapter 10 路由器配置和應(yīng)用課前復(fù)習(xí)Ping 查看TCP/IP是否安裝成功TTL 經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)設(shè)備（路由器或三層交換）Windows TTL一般128Ping 或本地 觀察結(jié)果Tracert 觀察結(jié)果 （丟棄并產(chǎn)生ICMP報(bào)文）Route printMicrosoft Office Visio華為、思科模擬器華為6臺(tái)+思科5臺(tái)（如何分組）2本章目標(biāo)路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的根本配置常見(jiàn)廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議學(xué)習(xí)本章節(jié)，您應(yīng)該能夠：3課程內(nèi)容路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的根本配置常見(jiàn)廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議4路由器工作流程IPETHPPP以太網(wǎng)口串口IPPPPETH串口以太網(wǎng)口協(xié)議封裝路由選擇協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)換路由器

2、路由器傳送拆包接收發(fā)送工作過(guò)程5路由器的結(jié)構(gòu)硬件組成CPU(處理器）：中央處理單元，和計(jì)算機(jī)一樣，它是路由器的控制和運(yùn)算部件。RAM(存儲(chǔ)正在運(yùn)行的配置文件)：內(nèi)存，用于存儲(chǔ)臨時(shí)的運(yùn)算結(jié)果。如路由表、ARP表、快速交換緩存、緩沖數(shù)據(jù)包、數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列、當(dāng)前配置文件。眾所周知，RAM中的數(shù)據(jù)在路由器斷電后是會(huì)喪失的。FLASH Memory（負(fù)責(zé)保存OS的映像和路由器的微碼）：閃存，可擦除、可編程的 ROM，用于存放路由器的IOS，F(xiàn)lash的可擦除特性允許更新、升級(jí)IOS而不用更換路由器內(nèi)部的芯片。路由器斷電后，flash的內(nèi)容不會(huì)喪失。Flash容量較大時(shí)，就可以存放多個(gè)IOS版本。6路由器的結(jié)構(gòu)

3、硬件組成：NVRAM（保存配置件）ROM（加載OS） Cisco(Internetwork Operating System，網(wǎng)際操作系統(tǒng))Huawei(Versatile Routing Platform，通用路由平臺(tái))接口（完成路由器與其它設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)交換）7路由器的結(jié)構(gòu)軟件結(jié)構(gòu)BOOT ROM：主要功能是路由器加電后完成有關(guān)初始化工作，并向內(nèi)存中參加操作系統(tǒng)代碼VRP（通用路由平臺(tái)）：Quidway路由器上運(yùn)行的軟件平臺(tái)路由器的廠商：銳捷，神州數(shù)碼8VRP體系結(jié)構(gòu)9中低端路由器開(kāi)展路標(biāo)低端路由器R1600/2500介入中低端路由器之間R1760中端路由器R2600/3600增強(qiáng)型中端路由器

4、R2630E/R3600E智能型中端路由器R2611/26101996199820022003統(tǒng)一的VRP平臺(tái)2000ADSL寬帶接入路由器4/8口語(yǔ)音網(wǎng)關(guān)冗余電源款型R2600-RPS/3600-RPS2004AR18,28,46系列路由器Aolynk路由器10AR 18-1XAR 18-2XAR 28-0X/1XAR 28-3X/40/80AR 46-20/40/80SOHOSMB企業(yè)分支企業(yè)大型分支企業(yè)中心靈活性能業(yè) 務(wù) 性 能Quidway AR全系列路由器11課程內(nèi)容路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的根本配置常見(jiàn)廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議12AR28-31備份口配置口13配置路由器通過(guò)console口

5、配置通過(guò)撥號(hào)遠(yuǎn)程配置通過(guò)telnet方式配置通過(guò)啞終端方式配置通過(guò)FTP方式傳送配置文件14通過(guò)console口配置建立本地配置環(huán)境配置口(Console)配置口（console）電纜R232 串口（db9的簡(jiǎn)化應(yīng)用） Console線就是反轉(zhuǎn)線 (rollover cable):一端采用568A或568B做線標(biāo)準(zhǔn),另一端把568A或568B的順序剛好從第一根到最后一根反過(guò)來(lái)。一般小于15米，所以本地配置。反轉(zhuǎn)線一般長(zhǎng)度固定，可以購(gòu)置RJ45-DB9轉(zhuǎn)接器。15創(chuàng)立超級(jí)終端（II）16選擇串口（III）17端口設(shè)置（IV）18通過(guò)撥號(hào)線路配置路由器將路由器和PC分別與modem連接 備份電纜m

6、odemmodemPSTN/ISDN19通過(guò)Telnet配置本地路由器Quidway-Ethernet0/0ip address 00 24 缺省的telnet登錄用戶名：admin 口令：admin效勞器PC工作站工作站10Base-T 網(wǎng)口20通過(guò)啞終端配置Quidway-Serial0/0physical-mode async同/異步串口21通過(guò)FTP配置在路由器上啟動(dòng)FTP效勞器在終端上啟動(dòng)FTP客戶端程序Ethernet22命令行概述用戶視圖系統(tǒng)視圖 RIP視圖OSPF視圖BGP視圖以太網(wǎng)接口視圖同步串口視圖Dialer接口視圖注意：視圖切換（華為） 模式切換（思科）23進(jìn)入路由器配

7、置界面 User interface Con 0 is available. Press ENTER to get started. console用戶視圖：system 進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)模式 H3C用戶模式：Routerenable 進(jìn)入特權(quán)模式 Router#24用戶視圖常用命令? cdChange current directory debugging Enable system debugging functions delete Delete a file displayDisplay current system informationpingSend echo messagessaveS

8、ave current configuration resetReset operationreboot Reboot system25系統(tǒng)視圖常用命令system-viewQuidway?aclSpecify acl configuration information arpAdd static ARP entry bgpSpecify BGP(Border Gateway Protocol) configuration informationfirewallSpecify firewall configuration information ipsecSpecify IPSec(IP Se

9、curity) configuration information local-userSpecify local user configuration information pppSpecify PPP(the Point-to-Point Protocol)26接口視圖命令Quidwayinterface s0/0 Quidway-Serial0/0？ baudrateSet transmit and receive baudrate async Asynchronous line configuration command ipSpecify IP configuration info

10、rmation shutdownShut down the specified interface physical-mode Set synchronous or asynchronous mode on serial interfacedialer Specify DCC(Dial-Control-Center) configuration information quit Exit from current command view loopbackSet loopback on an interface27在線幫助Quidway display ?aclAcl status and c

11、onfiguration information arp Display ARP entryaspf ASPF status and configuration information auto-config Specify auto configuration information bgp BGP status and configuration informationcurrent-configurationCurrent configurationdebuggingCurrent setting of debugging switches dhcp DHCP configuration

12、 subcommands diagnostic-information System Information for Diagnosis 28命令行錯(cuò)誤信息 Quidwaydispaly ? % Unrecognized command found at position. Quidwaydisplay % Incomplete command found at position. Quidwaydisplay interface Serial 0/0 0 % Too many parameters found at position.29歷史命令display history-command

13、補(bǔ)全命令使用Tab鍵查看歷史記錄使用 鍵使用Ctrl P快捷鍵歷史命令30編輯特性普通按鍵 輸入字符到當(dāng)前光標(biāo)位置退格鍵BackSpace 刪除光標(biāo)位置的前一個(gè)字符刪除鍵Delete 刪除光標(biāo)位置字符左光標(biāo)鍵 光標(biāo)向左移動(dòng)一個(gè)字符位置右光標(biāo)鍵 光標(biāo)向右移動(dòng)一個(gè)字符位置上下光標(biāo)鍵 顯示歷史命令31Language中英文顯示方式切換暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入Ctrl+c 停止顯示和命令執(zhí)行暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入空格鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一屏信息暫停顯示時(shí)鍵入回車鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一行信息顯示特性32狀態(tài)查看命令display versiondisplay current-configurationdisplay interfaced

14、isplay ip route 根本操作命令33常用命令Quidwaydisplay flashRouter# show flashH3Ccopy tftp flashH3Ccopy cur startup-config (current-config)Router# copy run saved-config (running-config) 34display versionQuidwaydisplay version Copyright Notice: All rights reserved (Apr 08 2005). Without the owners prior written

15、consent, no decompiling nor reverse-engineering shall be allowed. Huawei-3Com Versatile Routing Platform Software VRP(R) software, Version 3.40, Release RT-0009 Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Hangzhou Huawei-3Com Tech. Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Huawei Tech. Co.,Ltd. All rights r

16、eserved. Quidway AR28-11 uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 1 minute CPU type: PowerPC 8241 200MHz 128M bytes SDRAM Memory 32M bytes Flash Memory Pcb Version:1.0 Logic Version:1.0 BootROM Version:9.09 SLOT 0 AUX (Hardware)1.0, (Driver)1.0, (Cpld)1.0 35display current-configurationQuidwaydisplay curren

17、t-configuration# sysname Quidway# enable# local-server nas-ip key huawei# domain default enable system#radius scheme system server-type huawei primary authentication 1645 primary accounting 1646 user-name-format without-domain#domain system access-limit disable state active#36display interface顯示接口信息

18、Quidwaydisplay interface Serial 1/1Serial1/1 current state :UPLine protocol current state :UPDescription : Serial1/1 InterfaceThe Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)Internet protocol processing : disabledInternet Address is /8 Link layer protocol is PPPLCP initialOutput queue : (Urg

19、ent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/500/0Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0Physical layer is synchronous,Baudrate is 64000 bps, Interface has no cable Last 300 seconds input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec La

20、st 300 seconds output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec Input: 0 packets, 0 bytes 0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts 0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants 0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overruns 0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers 0 frame errors Output:0 packets, 0 bytes 0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions 0 deferred DC

21、D=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP 37Quidway interface serial 0/0Quidway-serial0/0 undo shutdown開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉端口開(kāi)啟已經(jīng)關(guān)閉的端口Quidway interface serial 0/0Quidway-serial 0/0 shutdown人工關(guān)閉端口38解讀端口狀態(tài)Quidwaydisplay interface serial 0/0physical layer is synchronous, baudrate is 64000 bps, no cable Link-protocol is PPP LC

22、P initial, IPCP initial, IPXCP initial, CCP initialline protocol is downSerial0/0 is down,物理層組件的狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的狀態(tài)39display ip routing-tableQuidwaydis ip routing-tableRouting Tables:Destination/Mask proto pref Metric Nexthop Interface /0 Static 60 0 Serial0 /8 RIP 100 3 Serial0 /8 OSPF 10 50 Ethernet0 /8 RI

23、P 100 4 Serial0 /8 Static 60 0 Serial0 /8 Direct 0 0 Ethernet0 /32 Direct 0 0 LoopBack0 . 40terminal debuggingdebugging ? all All debugging functionsarp ARP moduleaspf ASPF moduleatm ATM modulebgp BGP modulebridge Debugging bridgedhcp DHCP moduledialer DCC moduledlsw Data Link Switching moduledns Do

24、main name system module調(diào)試命令：debugging41 Quidwayping PING : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=0 ttl=255 time = 31 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 31 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time = 32 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 t

25、ime = 31 ms Reply from : bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 31 ms - ping statistics - 5 packets transmitted 5 packets received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 msping:網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通測(cè)試命令42tracert:網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通測(cè)試命令 Quidway tracert 86 traceroute to 86(86) 30 hops max,40 bytes packet 1 29 ms 22 ms 21 ms

26、 2 86 38 ms 24 ms 24 ms43課程內(nèi)容路由器的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和接口路由器的根本配置常見(jiàn)廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議44廣域網(wǎng)V.24 ,V.35, X.21BisEIA/TIA-232/449LAPB,Frame Relay,HDLC,PPP,SDLC網(wǎng)絡(luò)層X(jué).25物理層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層路由器 A廣域網(wǎng)的下三層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層物理層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層路由器 B45廣域網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層專用點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)HDLC,PPP分組交換X.25,幀中繼電路交換PSTN:PPPISDN B信道:PPPISDN D信道:LAPD46高級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路控制HDLC 面向比特 透明傳輸零比特填充法 運(yùn)行于同步串行線路地址標(biāo)志控制信息幀校驗(yàn)標(biāo)志47HDLC

27、協(xié)議的配置在接口上封裝HDLC協(xié)議link-protocol hdlc翻開(kāi)HDLC所有報(bào)文調(diào)試信息開(kāi)關(guān) debugging hdlc all interface type number 翻開(kāi)HDLC事件調(diào)試信息開(kāi)關(guān) debugging hdlc event interface type number 翻開(kāi)HDLC數(shù)據(jù)包調(diào)試信息開(kāi)關(guān) debugging hdlc packet interface type number 48PPP配置命令封裝PPPlink-protocol ppp設(shè)置驗(yàn)證類型ppp authentication-mode pap|chap 設(shè)置用戶名、口令、效勞類型Quidwa

28、ylocal-user huaweiQuidway-luser-huaweipassword simple sharepassQuidway-luser-huaweiservice-type ppp49PAP配置命令驗(yàn)證方配置配置驗(yàn)證方式ppp authentication-mode pap配置用戶列表Quidwaylocal-user huaweiQuidway-luser-huaweipassword simple sharepassQuidway-luser-huaweiservice-type ppp被驗(yàn)證方配置配置PAP用戶名ppp pap local-user username p

29、assword simple|cipher password50CHAP配置命令主驗(yàn)證方配置：配置本地驗(yàn)證對(duì)端（方式為CHAP） ppp authentication-mode chap配置本地名稱 ppp chap user username將對(duì)端用戶名和密碼參加本地用戶列表 Quidwaylocal-user huawei Quidway-luser-huaweipassword simple sharepass Quidway-luser-huaweiservice-type ppp被驗(yàn)證方配置:配置本地名稱密碼Quidway-Serial0/0 ppp chap user userna

30、meQuidway-Serial1/1ppp chap password simple|cipher password51PPP典型配置舉例一主驗(yàn)證方被驗(yàn)證方RouterA RouterB PAP 驗(yàn)證S0/0S0/0RouterAlocal-user routerb RouterA-luser-routerbpassword simple helloRouterA-luser-routerbservice-type pppRouterAinterface serial 0/0RouterA-Serial0/0ppp authentication-mode papRouterBinterfac

31、e serial 0/0 RouterB-Serial0/0ppp pap local-user routerb password simple hello52PPP典型配置舉例二RouterARouterBCHAP 驗(yàn)證S0/0S0/0RouterAlocal-user routerbRouterA-luser-routerbpassword simple helloRouterA-luser-routerbservice-type pppRouterAinterface serial 0/0RouterA-Serial0/0ppp chap user routeraRouterA-Seri

32、al0/0ppp authentication-mode chapRouterBlocal-user routera RouterB-luser-routerapassword simple helloRouterB-luser-routeraservice-type pppRouterBinterface serial 0/0RouterB-Serial0/0ppp chap user routerbRouterB-Serial0/0ppp authentication-mode chap主驗(yàn)證方被驗(yàn)證方53幀中繼的配置封裝幀中繼協(xié)議link-protocol frame-relay MFR

33、 |nonstandard | ietf 配置幀中繼接口的終端類型fr interface-type dce | dte | nni 選擇LMI類型fr lmi type ansi | nonstandard | q933a 54配置幀中繼地址映射手工配置靜態(tài)映射：fr map ip | ipx protocol-address dlci broadcast 動(dòng)態(tài)建立：使能動(dòng)態(tài)逆向地址解析協(xié)議fr inarp ip | ipx dlci 幀中繼地址映射也就是建立對(duì)端協(xié)議地址與本地DLCI的映射關(guān)系，該地址映射可靜態(tài)配置，也可動(dòng)態(tài)建立55配置幀中繼本地虛電路為主接口分配一條虛電路號(hào)fr dlci dlci56配置幀中繼子接口創(chuàng)立幀中繼子接口，進(jìn)入子接口配置模式interface type number.subinterface-number multipoint | point-to-point 配置幀中繼子接口的虛電路號(hào)fr dlci dlci建立地址映射的命令和物理接口相同，可以使用靜態(tài)或動(dòng)態(tài)地址映射。地址映射只有在點(diǎn)到多點(diǎn)的情況下才需要配置