-高考英語學法指導與語法易錯點歸納

1、2008-2009 高考英語學法指導與語法易錯點歸納高考英語學法指導與語法易錯點歸納 一 一 高考英語試題的主要特點如果你想在高考中取得好成績，總復習確有成效， 你就必須對高考試題的主要特點有一個清楚的 重視實際使用英語能力的考核。現(xiàn)在的高考主要考查語言運用，即在實際生活中聽說讀寫的能力。換句話說，如果你的聽力好， 閱讀強， 寫作也不錯那在 2009 年的英語高考中就能拿一個高分。如果你只知道一些語法知識的細枝末節(jié)，而聽、讀、寫都沒怎么練， 那你在高考中肯定是英雄無用武之地，分數(shù)上不去。突出語篇的作用，在活的情景中考查。所謂突出語篇的作用，即通過語篇考查聽、讀、寫的能力，而不是孤立地、無上下文

2、的單句式的考查。4. 考英語還要考思維能力和綜合文化素質英語卷不僅僅在考英語，幾乎每一個試題都滲透著對觀察、分析、記憶、想象，推理，判斷和綜合能力的測試，以及對學生全面文化素質的考查。試卷中主要試題都是在對話和短文中進行考核的，都有具體的語境，都需要分析，推測和概括。所以，只會死背句型，不善推理判斷，記憶不準確，知識面又窄，這樣的學生在高考面前就會顯得力不從心。5閱讀理解能力是重點檢查的能力高考對英語聽說讀寫諸項能力的測試并非均衡對待，而是按照教學大綱的要求，突出了對閱讀能力的測試。這不僅表現(xiàn)在閱讀理解題在試卷中占的比重最大（40 分），還表現(xiàn)在閱讀能力是決定聽力，完形填空、書面表達、單項填空

3、等題型答題效果的最基本的能力。強調對閱讀的檢測也符合中國人學習英語的規(guī)律。閱讀是目前中國人學習英語的主要方式，閱讀又是獲取較綜合，較復雜，較深刻信息的手段，突出考察閱讀能力是完全正確的。6強調基礎知識和基本技能的掌握。高考作為一種選拔性的考試，雖然有難題， 但主要考的仍是基礎知識和基本技能?；A的東西掌握好了， 才可能把試卷中的中低檔的題做對，也才有可能攻克由諸項基礎知識綜合而成的難題。高考成績的高低，主要取決于基礎知識和基本技能的掌握。那種在總復習中一味追求難題、 怪題，而忽視基礎知識的落實與基本技能訓練的作法，實在是與高考命題主導思想背道而弛。二 語法知識易錯點 本部分共 85 條，對中國

4、學生在英語語法方面容易產生錯誤或混淆的地方作了有針對性的提示，而不是系統(tǒng)地講解語法知識，這對學生抓住要點重點是有幫助的。1. 名詞變復數(shù)的特殊形式 child-children, foot-feet, man-men, mouse-mice, stomach-stomachs, tooth-teeth, woman-women, sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, a man doctor-men doctors, a woman doctor-women doctors, looker-on-lookers-on, grown-up-grown-

5、ups 誤： There are many woman teachers in my school. 正： There are many women teachers in my school. 2. ?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress 誤： What a fine weather it is! 正： What fine weather it is! 3. 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同 experience 經歷

6、（可數(shù)）；經驗（不可數(shù)）room 房間（可數(shù)）；空間（不可數(shù)）exercise 練習（可數(shù)）；鍛煉、運動（不可數(shù)）誤： Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me. 正： Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me. 4. 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of誤： There is a large number of water in the hole.

7、 正： There is a great deal of water in the hole. 5. 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of誤： There are a great deal of people living there. 正： There are a good many people living there. 6. 可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可修飾的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quanti

8、ties of, 如：There are plenty of trees along the river. There is a large quantity of snow on the top of the mountain. 7. 只有復數(shù)形式的名詞有：trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings誤： A pair of trousers are hanging over there. 正： A pair of trousers is hanging over there. 8.

9、復數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的有：plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics誤： The news are exciting. 正： The news is exciting. 9. 復合名詞的復數(shù)形式。girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups 誤： Therere many boys students in my class. 正： Therere many boy students in my class. 1

10、0. 名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù) police, cattle, clothes, goods 誤： Cattle sells well at that market. 正： Cattle sell well at that market. 11. 幾個應該特殊注意的名詞。people ( 民族，人 ); village ( 村莊，村民 )；man( 男人，人類 )，youth ( 年輕人，青年男 子，青春 ) 誤： The Chinese are peace-loving people. 正： The Chinese are a peace-loving people. 12. 名詞所有格

11、1) 形式 s, of Toms living room, teachers office, teachers room, a friend of mine, John and Mary school, Johns and Marys schools 2) s 適用范圍 有生命的物體、時間、距離、國家、城市、機構等誤： This is the mountains picture. 正： This is a picture of the mountain. 誤： John and Marys schools are beautiful. 正： Johns and Marys schools ar

12、e beautiful. 3) 不能被 s 所替換的所有格形式：the city of Beijing, at the age of 20, the experience of the old, the struggle of the poor13. 必須加 the 的有以下幾種情況。1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）物；I have a pen. The pen is lost. 2) 談話雙方所共知的共指的物體；Look at the blackboard. 3) 序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前；She is the best student in my class. 4) 世界上獨一無二的物體；Th

13、e earth moves around the sun. 5) 表方位的名詞前；The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 6) 形容詞前表一類人；The rich are not always happy. 7) 樂器 He is playing the piano now. 8) 山脈、河流、海洋、群島；China is on the east of the Pacific Ocean. 9) same, only, very 前；Its the very book Im looking for. 10) by the + 計量單位；

14、by the dozen, by the day, by the pound The workers are paid by the hour. 誤： Birds fly to south in winter. 正： Birds fly to the south in winter. Birds fly south in winter. 14. 不用冠詞的情況有以下幾種。1) 表泛指的名詞前；如：Do you like music? 2) 三餐前；如： have breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner3) 棋類、球類運動前；Almost all the boys in

15、 my class love playing football. 4) 表官銜、職位的名詞前；He was made monitor of the class. 5) Child as he is中的 child名詞前。Student as he is, he never obeys the teacher. 高考英語學法指導與語法易錯點歸納（一）學會自主學習二 一 關于英語總復習的幾點建議所謂自主學習， 就是學生具有學好英語的欲望，在老師的指導下能自己確定目標，自己安排進程，自己設計活動，自己尋找材料，自己監(jiān)督自己，自己總結經驗。課上課下聽老師的話是對的，但要有主動性，作學習的主人。堅持實踐

16、第一， 以使用英語為主。簡明扼要地對學過的知識進行歸納總結是必要的，但決不能用很多的時間去鉆研語法規(guī)則。應該把大部分時間用在閱讀、寫作和聽力的練習上，即應用語言上， 尤其要加大和突出閱讀的訓練。使用英語的能力是在使用英語的實踐中產生in 和提高的，并不是靠老師給講會的。English is best learnt when always used meaningful communication.學習英語要堅持模仿為主，理論分析為輔，不要過分鉆研為什么。有的同學在學習英語時，采取君子動口不動手的態(tài)度，一味在那里琢磨理論，而不是抓緊時間動手寫寫，找出文章趕緊看看或打開錄音機聽聽。這樣的同學最終使

17、用英語的能力不會有大的提高。（二）抓好基礎題 無論什么考試， 基礎的東西都是最重要的。英語高考也不例外?？忌鷳ψ龅奖ＷC拿 到基礎題的分， 力爭難題的分。 在復習中，一定要結合實際情況安排練習的難度。如果水平 不是很高，就一定要以練習基礎題為主，不要嫌容易，不要跟別人攀比。要把基礎詞匯、基 本句型弄扎實，要做到懂、會、熟。越臨近高考越要降低難度。有人以為做多難的練習就 能達到多高的水平，其實并不是這樣，這也取決于原來的基礎。（三）把考試大綱上的詞匯表掌握好。詞匯表是高考命題的基礎，是應該重點掌握的詞匯。詞匯表上的許多名詞可歸類為閱讀詞匯，這類詞知道意思，會拼寫即可。但動詞、介詞、連詞及其他常

18、用名詞等則必須做到四 會。學習詞匯表不要照搬詞典，詞典的解釋太繁雜了，高考用不上。（四）重視總結做題規(guī)律和擴大知識面。背誦短文，例句，甚至例題好處甚多。天天練，最終會見成效，但不要渴望迅速成功，因為語言的提高是慢工夫。停一天等于前三天白練。只有那些堅持不懈，埋頭苦干，永不退 縮的人才有希望到達光輝的頂點。二 語法知識易錯點 1. it, that, one, the one, the ones, those My pen was lost. I cannot find it. （同一物體）My pen was lost. I have to buy a new one. （同類不同一）The

19、population of Shanghai is much larger than that of Tianjin. （不可數(shù)名詞）This pen is not the one I lost yesterday. （特指）The pens are not the ones I lost yesterday. The pens are not those I lost yesterday. 誤句： The weather in Beijing is much colder than the one in Shanghai. 正句： The weather in Beijing is much

20、 colder than that in Shanghai. 2. each, either, both, neither, every, all Trees are planted on either/each side of the street. Trees are planted on both sides of the street. Trees are planted on every/each side of the square. Trees are planted on neither side of the street. Trees are planted on all

21、sides of the square. 誤句： You can tie the horse to every of the two trees. 正句： You can tie the horse to either of the two trees. 3. any, either I have three books and you can choose any one. I have two books and you can choose either one. 誤句： -When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or

22、 Sunday? -Any day is OK with me. 正句： -When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday? -Either day is OK with me. 3. another, the other, the others, others Another student came in. I have two brothers. One is a teacher. The other is a doctor. Suppose there are 50 students. Some stud

23、ents (20) are playing football on the playground. Others (20) are doing their homework in the classroom. The other students (30) are playing football on the playground. The others (30) are playing football on the playground. 4. none, nothing, nobody, neither 1) -How many students are there in the cl

24、assroom? -None. 2) -How much money do you have? -None. 3) -Is there anybody in the classroom? -Nobody. 4) -Is there anything in the room? -Nothing. 5) -Would you please lend me some ink? -Sorry, but I have none left myself. 6) I want neither of the two books. I want none of the three books. 誤句： -Wha

25、t do you want? -None. 正句：1) -What do you want? -Nothing. 2) -Of the three things, which do you want? -None. 5. 反身代詞應注意以下幾點。1) I myself think2) Help yourself! 請隨便吃吧3) Make yourself at home! 別客氣4) Dont upset yourself. 別自尋煩惱5) make oneself heard/ understood I couldnt make myself heard above the noise.

26、聲音被淹沒了。6) between ourselves, do you think 私下里說的。7) In itself, his illness is nothing to worry about. 就疾病本身而言，沒什么可擔心8) He is not quite himself today. 他感到不舒服9) by oneself = alone, without help 單干、無人幫忙10) for oneself 為 You have the right to decide for yourself. 11) of oneself 自動地The light went out of i

27、tself. 6. 代詞的其他注意事項：1) this, that My plan is like this: first second third He was ill. Thats why he didnt come. 2) much, many 3) some, any 4) it 可以指代分不清性別的小孩 Is it a boy or a girl? 5) she, he也可以用于月亮、太陽、輪船或動物擬人化。beautiful country in the China is our motherland and she is the most world in my opinion.

28、 6) you, he and I, you and I, ladies and gentlemen 7. 數(shù)詞 1) 大于某數(shù) more than 20 years, over thirty, above twenty degrees 2) 小于 less than ten days, fewer than 50 people, children under 7 3) 至少 at least 10 dollars, no less than 100 people 4) 大約 about three days, around 2 oclock, two miles or so 5) 至多 no

29、t more than 5 rooms, at most ten days 6) 僅有 no more than 1 year, only 2 years 7) 倍數(shù) This ruler is twice/three times longer than that one. This ruler is twice/three times as long as that one. This ruler is twice/three times the length of that one. 誤： This box is as three times heavier as that one. 正：

30、 This box is three times as heavy as that one. 8. 數(shù)字 +形容詞 +名詞 Its a five-foot-deep hole. The hole is five feet deep. Its a hole five feet deep. 誤句： Its a three-meters-long table. 正句： Its a three-meter-long table. 9. 形容詞，副詞的比較級和最高級 busy-busier-busiest hot-hotter-hottest important-more important-most

31、important good-better-best many/much-more-most bad/ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest little-less-least far-farther/further-farthest/furthest badly-worse-worst well-better-best 10. 形容詞需要注意以下幾點：1) 只能做定語的形容詞有：live, main, chief; My main purpose is to help you here. 2) 只能做表語的形容詞有：alone, alike

32、, awake, asleep, lit, content He is alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 3) 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序依次是：冠詞（所有格；指示詞；數(shù)詞）；品質；大小 長短；形狀；新舊；顏色；產地；材料；用途；例如：a beautiful little round red Chinese wooden public reading room 4) 能修飾形容詞比較級的有：a lot, a great deal, yet 等；Im much better now. Im a great deal better now. much, rather

33、, even , still, far, any, no, a little, a bit, 5) 能修飾形容詞最高級的有：by far, very, much。He is by far the best student in my class. 高考英語學法指導與語法易錯點歸納 三 一、聽力測試的準備與應試聽力是語言交際諸項能力中主要靠聽覺捕捉信息的一種能力。聽力理解力的強弱是語言多種能力的綜合反映。聽力測試在高考中占 30 分，比例不小。 一般考九個對話和一篇短文，對話是由一男一女朗讀的。試題的語速為每分鐘 120-140 個詞，比英美人一般語速每分鐘140-150 個詞略慢。試題前有試聽

34、段落，基本沒有生詞但有個別難句。讀音標準，英美音都有。對話的重點包括表示看法、活動安排、購物、看病、就餐、旅游以及打電話等日常生活內容。 對話和短文后所問問題包括話題、時間、地點及職業(yè)。人物關系、 態(tài)度觀點、 順序、 計算、 原因、 結果、在做聽力測試時，一定要調整好心態(tài)，緊張、焦慮、不安都不利于捕捉聲音信息。試聽時，應注意聽，爭取理解大意。試聽可以熟悉講話者的語音語調，使學生注意力集中，盡快轉向英語思維。 播放錄音前，盡量爭取將下一對話的問題看一下。帶著問題聽，可集中注意主要的信息，效果肯定好。其實兩題之間有 10 秒的停頓，這 10 秒可以省出三四秒看看下一題。學會預測， 對理解全文意義重

35、大。邊聽邊在草稿紙上用自己熟悉的簡單符號速記數(shù)字、地名、人名等。 有的對話或獨白要讀兩遍 ,第一遍不必追求全聽懂，有些聽不懂是很自然的，努力抓住大意就是好的。第二遍再結合問題聽要點，以便答題。學會抓住關鍵詞。一個關鍵詞就能解決一道題。聽的能力是在聽的實踐中提高的。任何理論的講解都是輔助性的。有志于提高聽力的同學，應該趕緊打開錄音機，利用一切機會，多聽、勤聽。熟能生巧，經過一段時間練習，聽力肯定會有提高。要精聽泛聽相結合。泛聽主要練習聽大意或部分內容，不必什么都聽懂。泛聽對培養(yǎng)良好的感覺，提高聽力技巧也是重要的。材料的選取要難易適度，并注意趣味性。不要一開始就練聽太難的東西，這樣，會挫傷積極性，

36、欲速則不達。掌握正確的語音語調。聽者本人的語音語調正確，在聽的過程中的語音識別能力就強。要學會抓住主要信息，忽略非主流信息，要練習看到問題和聽到某一詞時能迅速預測下面內容。另外，聽說讀寫是互相聯(lián)系、互相影響的。要想聽力提高，不但要多聽，還應重視說、讀和寫。某些階段有所側重是應該的，但不能偏廢任何一方面。一個讀寫能力強、說的也不錯的人，是很容易提高他的聽的能力的。二、語法知識易錯點1. 注意幾個短語的用法。1) the tallest of all The girl is the best student of all. 2) the smaller of the two This island

37、 is the larger of the two. 3) less rich than He is less poor than his brother. 4) as rich as He is as tall as his brother. 5) the more , the better The more you look at it, the better you like it. 6) not more beautiful than, no more beautiful than 誤： He is no more clever than his brother. So he can

38、solve the problem. 正： He is no more foolish than his brother. So he can solve the problem. 2. 注意幾組副詞的區(qū)別。1) deep, deeply I was deeply touched by the moving story. 2) high, highly I thought highly of his idea. 3) wide, widely English is widely spoken in China nowadays. 4) direct, directly Go direct ho

39、me. 5) first, firstly 6) free, freely He can talk freely in English. 7) hard, hardly I can hardly move. 8) late, lately Where have you been lately? 9) just, justly 10) loud, aloud, loudly Reading aloud is important for English learners. 11) most, mostly My friends are mostly Chinese. 12) near, nearl

40、y, almost Almost nobody was there to help him. 13) fair, fairly, rather, quite 14) also, as well, too, either 15) very, much, very much 誤： Im deep moved by what he said. 正： Im deeply moved by what he said. 3. 幾個易錯的副詞 home, downtown, downstairs, abroad 誤句： He went to abroad three years ago. 正句： He we

41、nt abroad three years ago. 4. 介詞與動詞的搭配。agree with, belong to, break away from, care for He agreed with what I said. 5. 介詞與形容詞的搭配。afraid of, angry with, different from, good at Im afraid of falling behind others. 6. 介詞與名詞的搭配。answer to, key to, reason for, cause of, visit to How about your visit to th

42、e Great Wall? 7. 注意幾組介詞的區(qū)別。1) at, in, on ( 表地點，表時間 ) 2) from, for, since ( 表時間 ) 3) below, under, above, over 4) between, among 5) by, with, in ( 表方式 ) You can get there by bus. He cut the meat with a knife. He wrote the letter in ink. 8. 一般現(xiàn)在時注意以下兩點。1) 表時刻表的情況下，一般現(xiàn)在代替將來時態(tài)用；如：2) 主將從現(xiàn)符合的原則是：if 條件句，時間

43、狀語從句，方式狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。If he comes, Ill let you know. He will be happy when I tell him. Next time Ill do as you say. Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place. 3) be to do 表有責任、有義務做某事 be going to do 表示有計劃性、準備做某事will do 一般情況下使用誤： The plane will take off at 10p.m. 正： The plane takes off a

44、t 10p.m. 9. 現(xiàn)在進行時注意以下四點。1) 和 always, constantly, forever, continually 連用表示說話人的感情色彩，責備，埋怨等；He is always thinking of others. 2) 強調情況的暫時性；He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired. 3) 強調一時的表現(xiàn)；He is being silly. 4) 表將來。Im going shopping this afternoon. 誤： He types his own letters when h

45、is secretary is ill. 正： He is typing his own letters when his secretary is ill. 誤： He always makes the same mistake. 正： He is always making the same mistake. 10. 一般將來時注意以下三點。1) 表傾向，習慣性動作。意為會，不能，沒法；We will die sooner or later. The medicine wont help. 2) 表推測 The man in the middle will be visiting pres

46、ident. 3) 表容量 The hall will seat 500 people. 誤： The machine doesnt work. 正： The machine wont work. 11. 一般過去時說沒有想到是指過去沒有想到。如：I didnt expect you were here. I didnt think you would come. 12. 現(xiàn)在完成時的適用范圍。1) 過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結果；Ive already finished my homework, so I can leave now. 2) 過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；Great changes hav

47、e taken place in China in the past five years. 3) 曾經經歷過的事情；Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 4) 在主將從現(xiàn)中，如果沒有一般現(xiàn)在，可以選現(xiàn)在完成。如：If I finish/have finished my homework, Ill go home. 13. 過去完成時注意兩點。1) 它是和一般過去時對應存在的，沒有一般過去時，就不存在過去完成時。2) 用在 no sooner than, scarcely hoped, had planned 等短語中。 when, hardly w

48、hen, had intended, had 誤： I hoped to go there, but I didnt. 正： I had hoped to go there, but I didnt. 14. that從句用完成時。 如：It/This/That is the first/second/last time thatThis is the first time that I have been in Beijing. It/This/That is the only that 如：That is the only book that I have really enjoyed i

49、n my life. It/This/That is the + 最高級 that It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read. 15. 一般不用進行時的詞。沒有延續(xù)性的詞 （accept, decide, want等），know, think, agree, mean, love, like, cost, exist, hate, dislike, fear, 系動詞。誤： Im wanting to know the reason. 正： I want to know the reason. 高考英語學法指導與語

50、法易錯點歸納四 一、如何學習英語語法英語語法亦即英語的語言法則，是英語語言特點的反映。中國人學英語不能采取英美人學英語的方法， 因為與英文差別極大的中文在我們的頭腦中已深深扎根了。適當研究英語語法，對比兩種語言的差異，就能使我們更快更好地掌握英語的特點，從而迅速提高英語聽說讀寫的能力。對鉆研語法，高三學生不要有什么懷疑，這不單是為了應試，也是為今后向更高層次發(fā)展打基礎。建議在學習語法時注意以下幾點：1弄清知識網絡。英語語法可分為兩部分，即詞法和句法。詞法研究十大詞類（名，代，數(shù)，冠，形，副，介，連,動,感嘆）。句法研究關于句子的六項知識(如各種從句 ,主謂一致等 )。兩個附加部分是語音知識和構

51、詞法。2關于動詞的知識是重點的知識。3記住語法規(guī)則，背會例句。學語法光懂了不行，必須得會用，而會用的前提則是背 會反映這一規(guī)則的例句?？梢哉f，沒有死背，就沒有活用。4. 在使用英語的實踐中學習語法。平時要把主要的時間花在英語的聽說讀寫上，在使用中體會語法規(guī)則，在使用中加深理解，在使用中融會貫通。you will be exact in English. If you are always sensitive, 5. 做題有好處。單項填空，改錯等都可以強化對語法規(guī)則的掌握。但不可過量。學英 語的主要時間還是應該花在不斷地聽說讀寫上。6. 英語語法并不能解釋所有語言現(xiàn)象，有些不符合語法規(guī)則的用法可

52、以稱之為慣用法。這些東西會模仿就行了，不必非要弄明白為什么。7. 適量適度學語法，不可投入主要精力鉆研語法，不可死扣語法的細枝末節(jié)。只有那 些堅持使用英語的實踐，同時又掌握了語法規(guī)則的人，才有可能成為英語學習的強者。二、語法知識易錯點 1. 被動語態(tài)的構成。2. 主動表被動的適用范圍。1) 表衡量的動詞。The room measures 5 by 6. 2) sell, write, wash, read, wear, keep, drink The pen writes well. The clothes wash well. 3) 在動詞不定式中主語發(fā)出的動作。I have a lot

53、of work to do. 4) 動詞不定式前面的詞為形容詞時。The question is easy to answer. 等表狀態(tài)的情況下；5) 在 need, want, require, be worth后面 doing主動表被動。The bike wants repairing. 注意： The bike wants to be repaired. 誤： The shoes are sold well. 正： The shoes sell well. 誤： The flowers need being watered. 正： The flowers need watering.

54、The flowers need to be watered. 3. 沒有被動語態(tài)。1) 系動詞；He looks well today. 2) 不及物動詞；The sun rises in the east. 3) 固定詞或短語中。如：up to, belong to 等。happen, take place, go up, break out, come about, add The book belonging to me is missing. 誤： Being tasted good, the food was soon eaten up. 正： Tasting good, the

55、food was soon eaten up. 誤： The government tries its best to have peoples living standard risen. 正： The government tries its best to have peoples living standard raised. 4. can, could 1) 表示體力、眼力方面的能力，能做某種動作的能力 I can ride a bike. 2) 在口語中， can 可代替 may 表示許可 Can I use your dictionary? 3) 在疑問句中表示懷疑 Can it

56、 be true? 4) 在否定句中，表示判斷或推斷 You cant be hungry so soon. Youve just had lunch. 5. may, might 1) 允許 (正式或比較客氣的場合 ) You may use my car. 2) 可能：用在陳述句中 It might be right. 3) 表示判斷：不太肯定 He might be sleeping now. 4) 表祝愿 May you succeed! 5) may/ might as well 不妨 You may as well tell me the truth. 6. must 1) 必須

57、You must do it at once. 2) 不許、禁止（否定）You mustnt waste our time. -Must I leave now? -No, you neednt /you dont have to. 3) 作判斷（肯定的判斷）The light is on. He must be in the office. 7. shall 1) 用于二、三人稱表允許、命令、警告。You shall leave the door or Ill call the police. She shall do as she is told. 2) 征求對方意見或向對方請示（用于一、

58、三人稱）。Shall I open the window? 3) 竟然 The dog should understand German. 誤： Can he come in or wait outside? 正： Shall he come in or wait outside? 8. should 1) 應該（責任 / 義務，任何人稱）。You should study English hard. 2) 預測（對將要發(fā)生的進行預測）可能、該 。They should be there by tomorrow. 9. will 1) 愿意、意愿、意志、決心（用于各人稱）。If you wil

59、l wait, Ill come back. 2) will= probably 表一種猜想。You will remember the story I told you last time. 3) 征求意見，用于第二人稱。Will you give me a piece of paper? 4) 否定表 可否 。Wont you take off your cap? 5) 表某種傾向或習慣性動作。Fish will die out of water. 10. would 1) 意愿 Would you please do me a favor? 2) Id/should/would like

60、 to=want to Id like to see Mr. Smith. 3) 表過去習慣動作（表過去習慣的動作，現(xiàn)在如何不知道）。When we were children, we would go swimming every summer. 4) 一種揣測。That would be his mother. 11. need, dare 1) 作實義動詞，要 +to （尤其 need ）She dares to speak and dares to act. I need to go now. 2) 在否定、疑問、條件句中，可作情態(tài)動詞用。If they dare come, they