2023屆高考英語一輪復習學案：名詞（素材）

1、名詞 學案語法填空?？键c1名詞的復數(shù)(2020浙江7月高考)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.(2020浙江1月高考)For Japan, the numbers (number) are more striking 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.(2019北京高考)No

2、matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities (activity) on Earth Day.(2018浙江11月高考)One study showed that women (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.(2018全國卷

3、)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)(2018浙江6月高考)Making Chinese dishes (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2017全國卷)This trend, whic

4、h was started by the medical community (醫(yī)學界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全國卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened

5、 in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全國卷)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017浙江11月高考)You wouldnt t

6、hink that a few months (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life .(2017浙江6月高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots (carrot) and was about to throw them away.2名詞構詞法(2020全國卷)The far side of the moo

7、n is of particular interest (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so than the familiar near side.(2020全國卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020全國卷)Filled with curiosity (curious), th

8、e artist packed his bags and left.(2020新高考全國卷)Historical accuracy (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2019全國卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief (believe) that populations are increasing.(2

9、019全國卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.(2019浙江6月高考)Other American studies showed no connection/connections (connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2018全國卷)Thi

10、s switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全國卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a scientist (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. (2017全國卷)This development was only possible with the introduction (in

11、troduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.短文改錯常考點1名詞的單復數(shù)(2020全國卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.chopstickchopsticks(2020全國卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.vacationsvacation(2020全國卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of ev

12、eryone in our families.familiesfamily(2019全國卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.playerplayers(2019全國卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.jobjobs(2019全國卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different c

13、ity.citycities(2018全國卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.chickenchickens(2018全國卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.sortsorts(2018全國卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom

14、is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” mistakemistakes(2017全國卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！”“Slow down！” “Turn left！”wordwords2不可數(shù)名詞(2017全國卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Irmationsinformation3詞性誤用(201

15、9全國卷)To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.surprisingsurprise4名詞作定語(2018全國卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.FridaysFriday(一)名詞的復數(shù)變化規(guī)則一般名詞加 s。如：jobjobs, crowdcrowds以s，x，sh，ch等結尾的名詞加es。如：boxboxes, bushbushes以輔音字母y結尾的名詞 先變y為i再加es。如：varietyvarieties, citycities以o

16、結尾的名詞(1)表示有生命的人或物的名詞后加es，如：heroheroes, tomatotomatoes(2)表示無生命的物的名詞后加s，如：pianopianos, photophotos以f或fe結尾的名詞(1)變f或fe為v再加es的名詞有：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half(2)直接加s的有：roof, belief, chief, proof, cliff變內(nèi)部元音字母的名詞(1)“oo”變“ee”的詞有：tooth, foot, goose等(2)“a”變“e”的詞有：man, woman (例外Germ

17、anGermans)特殊的幾個名詞mediummedia, bacteriumbacteria, phenomenonphenomena, mousemice, analysisanalyses復合名詞的復數(shù)(1)有主體名詞的，在名詞后加s, 如：passersby, lookerson, editorsinchief等(2)無主體名詞的，在詞尾加s，如：grownups, standbys等(二)名詞的構詞法后綴例詞-ercleancleaner清潔工； reportreporter記者； strangestranger陌生人-orinventinventor發(fā)明者； visitvisito

18、r游客； directdirector導演-arlieliar說謊者； begbeggar乞討者；乞丐-eeemployemployee雇員； interviewinterviewee 參加面試者； traintrainee 接受培訓者；實習生-esshosthostess女主人； actactress女演員-ianmusicmusician音樂家； politicspolitician政治家； historyhistorian歷史學家-istartartist藝術家； sciencescientist科學家； pianopianist鋼琴家-antserveservant仆人； partic

19、ipateparticipant參加者； assistassistant助手；助理；助教(三)不可數(shù)名詞1常考的不可數(shù)名詞有：news, information, advice, progress, equipment, fun, furniture等。2?？嫉某橄竺~具體化：success, failure，comfort, danger, surprise, shock, pleasure等。這些詞前可以加不定冠詞，表示某個具體的人或物。(四)名詞作定語名詞作定語可以用來修飾另一個名詞，表示材料、用途、時間、地點、內(nèi)容、類別等。如：cotton goods棉織品bus driver 公交車

20、司機Beijing University 北京大學evening suit 晚禮服weather forecast 天氣預報delivery service 送貨服務(一)單句語法填空1(2020濟南三模)However, longlasting health effects (effect) are not expected.2(2020濟南三模)The Chinese have high requirements (require) for the quality of the tea leaf, the water, the wares (器皿) they use to prepare and serve tea.3This was highly unusual given that the birds normally preferred to observe humans from a distance (distant)4(2020荊州三模)At the end of 2018 BDS started to provide global services.Its expected to greatly im