2023屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：名詞（素材）

1、名詞 學(xué)案語(yǔ)法填空?？键c(diǎn)1名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(2020浙江7月高考)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.(2020浙江1月高考)For Japan, the numbers (number) are more striking 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.(2019北京高考)No

2、matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities (activity) on Earth Day.(2018浙江11月高考)One study showed that women (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.(2018全國(guó)卷

3、)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)(2018浙江6月高考)Making Chinese dishes (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2017全國(guó)卷)This trend, whic

4、h was started by the medical community (醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全國(guó)卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened

5、 in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全國(guó)卷)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017浙江11月高考)You wouldnt t

6、hink that a few months (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life .(2017浙江6月高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots (carrot) and was about to throw them away.2名詞構(gòu)詞法(2020全國(guó)卷)The far side of the moo

7、n is of particular interest (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so than the familiar near side.(2020全國(guó)卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020全國(guó)卷)Filled with curiosity (curious), th

8、e artist packed his bags and left.(2020新高考全國(guó)卷)Historical accuracy (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2019全國(guó)卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief (believe) that populations are increasing.(2

9、019全國(guó)卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.(2019浙江6月高考)Other American studies showed no connection/connections (connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2018全國(guó)卷)Thi

10、s switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全國(guó)卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a scientist (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. (2017全國(guó)卷)This development was only possible with the introduction (in

11、troduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.短文改錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)1名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)(2020全國(guó)卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.chopstickchopsticks(2020全國(guó)卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.vacationsvacation(2020全國(guó)卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of ev

12、eryone in our families.familiesfamily(2019全國(guó)卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.playerplayers(2019全國(guó)卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.jobjobs(2019全國(guó)卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different c

13、ity.citycities(2018全國(guó)卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.chickenchickens(2018全國(guó)卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.sortsorts(2018全國(guó)卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom

14、is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” mistakemistakes(2017全國(guó)卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！”“Slow down！” “Turn left！”wordwords2不可數(shù)名詞(2017全國(guó)卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Irmationsinformation3詞性誤用(201

15、9全國(guó)卷)To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.surprisingsurprise4名詞作定語(yǔ)(2018全國(guó)卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.FridaysFriday(一)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則一般名詞加 s。如：jobjobs, crowdcrowds以s，x，sh，ch等結(jié)尾的名詞加es。如：boxboxes, bushbushes以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞 先變y為i再加es。如：varietyvarieties, citycities以o

16、結(jié)尾的名詞(1)表示有生命的人或物的名詞后加es，如：heroheroes, tomatotomatoes(2)表示無(wú)生命的物的名詞后加s，如：pianopianos, photophotos以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞(1)變f或fe為v再加es的名詞有：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half(2)直接加s的有：roof, belief, chief, proof, cliff變內(nèi)部元音字母的名詞(1)“oo”變“ee”的詞有：tooth, foot, goose等(2)“a”變“e”的詞有：man, woman (例外Germ

17、anGermans)特殊的幾個(gè)名詞mediummedia, bacteriumbacteria, phenomenonphenomena, mousemice, analysisanalyses復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)有主體名詞的，在名詞后加s, 如：passersby, lookerson, editorsinchief等(2)無(wú)主體名詞的，在詞尾加s，如：grownups, standbys等(二)名詞的構(gòu)詞法后綴例詞-ercleancleaner清潔工； reportreporter記者； strangestranger陌生人-orinventinventor發(fā)明者； visitvisito

18、r游客； directdirector導(dǎo)演-arlieliar說(shuō)謊者； begbeggar乞討者；乞丐-eeemployemployee雇員； interviewinterviewee 參加面試者； traintrainee 接受培訓(xùn)者；實(shí)習(xí)生-esshosthostess女主人； actactress女演員-ianmusicmusician音樂(lè)家； politicspolitician政治家； historyhistorian歷史學(xué)家-istartartist藝術(shù)家； sciencescientist科學(xué)家； pianopianist鋼琴家-antserveservant仆人； partic

19、ipateparticipant參加者； assistassistant助手；助理；助教(三)不可數(shù)名詞1?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有：news, information, advice, progress, equipment, fun, furniture等。2?？嫉某橄竺~具體化：success, failure，comfort, danger, surprise, shock, pleasure等。這些詞前可以加不定冠詞，表示某個(gè)具體的人或物。(四)名詞作定語(yǔ)名詞作定語(yǔ)可以用來(lái)修飾另一個(gè)名詞，表示材料、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類別等。如：cotton goods棉織品bus driver 公交車

20、司機(jī)Beijing University 北京大學(xué)evening suit 晚禮服weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào)delivery service 送貨服務(wù)(一)單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2020濟(jì)南三模)However, longlasting health effects (effect) are not expected.2(2020濟(jì)南三模)The Chinese have high requirements (require) for the quality of the tea leaf, the water, the wares (器皿) they use to prepare and serve tea.3This was highly unusual given that the birds normally preferred to observe humans from a distance (distant)4(2020荊州三模)At the end of 2018 BDS started to provide global services.Its expected to greatly im