課程三與實驗一、CISCO 路由器操作與配置Cisco IOSppt課件

1、第四章操作與配置Cisco IOS設備本章目的經(jīng)過本章的學習，您應該掌握以下內(nèi)容:開啟交換機和路由器并察看其啟動過程留意交換機的出廠初始配置情況，完成路由器的初始參數(shù)配置在網(wǎng)絡設備上進入并辨識不同的命令方式本章目的(續(xù))在不同的用戶界面下運用各種協(xié)助和命令行編輯功能查看并確認并于各網(wǎng)絡設備的根本信息 Cisco IOS 軟件提供多種網(wǎng)絡效力進而支持各種網(wǎng)絡運用.Cisco 互連網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)(IOS)軟件網(wǎng)絡設備的配置基于以下各方面來配置設備: 所需功能的網(wǎng)絡戰(zhàn)略 與協(xié)議關聯(lián)的地址和相關參數(shù) 管理方面的需求 交換機將出廠缺省設置作為初始配置假設路由器中沒有配置文件，會提示進入初始化設置過程 硬件自

2、檢定位并加載Cisco IOS映象文件定位并運轉(zhuǎn)配置文件Cisco設備的簡單啟動過程可以經(jīng)過多種途徑來配置配置直接在設備的內(nèi)存中生效控制端口Aux 端口端口PC or Unix效力器Web 或網(wǎng)絡管理效力器 虛擬終端多種途徑的配置TelnetTFTP提供命令行界面在不同的網(wǎng)絡設備上運轉(zhuǎn)時有差別 在命令方式下可以鍵入或粘貼命令 鍵入命令后回車，設備即解析和執(zhí)行所鍵入的命令兩個主要命令方式是用戶方式和特權方式不同的命令方式有不同的提示符CiscoIOSCisco IOS用戶界面的根本特性用戶方式對交換機和路由器的有限操作命令提示符為 主機名主要有兩個命令方式提供命令鍵入.方式一:Cisco IOS

3、的主要命令方式特權(或enabled)方式對交換機和路由器更深化的操作有配置和監(jiān)視權益是進入其它配置方式的前提命令提示符為 主機名#方式二 (也是最常用的方式):Cisco IOS的主要命令方式(續(xù))系統(tǒng)啟動例程會初始化交換機初始啟動利用缺省配置參數(shù)1. 啟動前確認正確銜接線纜和控制線2. 接入電源3. 察看啟動順序面板上的指示燈LEDsCisco IOS輸出到控制臺上的內(nèi)容交換機的初始啟動檢查交換機指示燈(LEDs)交換機自檢期間的端口指示燈 1. 啟動時，一切端口指示燈變綠.2. 每個端口自檢終了，對應的指示燈熄滅.3. 假設端口自檢失敗, 對應指示燈呈黃色.4. 假設有任何自檢失敗情況，

4、系統(tǒng)指示燈呈現(xiàn)黃色.5. 假設沒有自檢失敗, 自檢過程完成.6. 隨著自檢過程的完成, 指示燈閃亮后熄滅.交換機初次啟動時的顯示信息控制臺銜接Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0PCA Number: 73-3121-01PCA Serial Number: FAA0252A0QXModel Number: WS-C19

5、24-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0304S0U3Power Supply S/N: PHI025101F3-1 user(s) now active on Management Console. User Interface Menu M Menus K Command Line I IP ConfigurationEnter Selection: 控制臺登入交換機并鍵入特權方式密碼 enableEnter password:# disable quit用戶方式提示特權方式提示上下文關聯(lián)協(xié)助錯誤信息提示指出所輸入交換機命令的錯誤所在，以便于修正或糾正.可以重新調(diào)出一

6、個較長或較復雜的命令或其它內(nèi)容，用來再次運轉(zhuǎn)、查看或修正. 之前命令保管區(qū)交換機命令行協(xié)助機制提供命令清單和與特定命令相關聯(lián)的參數(shù). Switch#show interfacesSwitch#show version顯示交換機初始啟動的形狀Switch#show running-config顯示交換機的各種運轉(zhuǎn)形狀wg_sw_c#show versionCisco Catalyst 1900/2820 Enterprise Edition SoftwareVersion V8.01.01 written from 171.068.229.225Copyright (c) Cisco Syste

7、ms, Inc. 1993-1998wg_sw_c uptime is 15day(s) 21hour(s) 53minute(s) 11second(s) cisco Catalyst 1900 (486sxl) processor with 2048K/1024K bytes of memoryHardware board revision is 5Upgrade Status: No upgrade currently in progress. Config File Status: No configuration upload/download is in progress 27 F

8、ixed Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)Base Ethernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0交換機之show version 命令wg_sw_c#show runBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!hostname wg_sw_c!ip address 3 ip default-gateway !interface Ethernet 0/1interface Ethernet 0/24!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet

9、 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27交換機之show running-configuration 命令wg_sw_c#show runBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!hostname wg_sw_c!ip address 3 ip default-gateway !interface Ethernet 0/1interface Ethernet 0/12!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0

10、/27Catalyst 1924Catalyst 1912wg_sw_c#show interfaces ethernet 0/1Ethernet 0/1 is Enabled Hardware is Built-in 10Base-TAddress is 0050.BD73.E2C1MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbits802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1Port monitoring: DisabledUnknown unicast flooding: Enabled Unregistered mult

11、icast flooding: Enabled Description: Duplex setting: Half duplex Back pressure: Disabled-More-交換機之show interfaces命令wg_sw_a#show ip IP Address: 1Subnet Mask: Default Gateway: Management VLAN: 1Domain name: Name server 1: Name server 2: server : Enabled port : 80RIP : Enabledwg_sw_a#查看交換機的IP地址配置方式:全局配

12、置方式 wg_sw_a# conf termwg_sw_a(config)#端口配置方式wg_sw_a(config)# interface e0/1wg_sw_a(config-if)#配置交換機配置交換機的各種標識為交換機設置本地標識交換機名(config)#hostname wg_sw_cwg_sw_c(config)#wg_sw_a(config)# ip address ip address maskwg_sw_a(config)#ip address 1 配置交換機IP地址系統(tǒng)啟動例程會初始化路由器假設需求，路由器可以有選擇性地回退啟動Check hardwareFind and

13、load Cisco IOSsoftware image Find and apply routerconfiguration information Load Bootstrap1.啟動前確認正確銜接線纜和控制線2.按下電源開關3.察看啟動順序 Cisco IOS輸出到控制臺上的內(nèi)容Cisco路由器的初始啟動沒有配置文件與有配置文件的路由器啟動對比- System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no:yes At any point you may enter a question mark ? f

14、or help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Setup方式wg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用戶方式提示wg_ro_c路由器啟動時在控制臺上的輸出內(nèi)容控制臺Setup: 初始配置對話框 Router#setup - System Configuration Dialog -Continue with configuration dialog? yes/n

15、o: yAt any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on

16、the systemWould you like to enter basic management setup? yes/no: n預先閱讀端口配置情況First, would you like to see the current interface summary? yes:Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolBRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downBRI0:2

17、 unassigned YES unset administratively down downEthernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down downSerial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down自檢過程中所找到的端口設置全局參數(shù)初始化全局參數(shù)Configuring global parameters: Enter host name Router:wg_ro_c The enable secret is a password used to protect access

18、 to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password:

19、 sanfran The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? no:設置全局參數(shù)(續(xù))初始化協(xié)議配置 Configure LAT? yes: n Configure AppleTalk? no: Configure DECnet? no: Configure IP? yes: Configure I

20、GRP routing? yes: n Configure RIP routing? no: Configure CLNS? no: Configure IPX? no: Configure Vines? no: Configure XNS? no: Configure Apollo? no:設置端口參數(shù)BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : 0 none.Only if you dont want to configure BRI. 1 basic-1tr6.1TR6 swi

21、tch type for Germany 2 basic-5ess.AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada 3 basic-dms100.Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada 4 basic-net3.NET3 switch type for UK and Europe 5 basic-ni.National ISDN switch type 6 basic-ts013.TS013 switch type for Australia 7 ntt.NTT switch type for Japan 8 vn3

22、.VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type 2:Configuring interface parameters:Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? no:Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? no: y Configure IP on this interface? no: y IP address for this interface: 3 Subnet mask for t

23、his interface : Class A network is , 24 subnet bits; mask is /24Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? no:設置腳本確實認與運用The following configuration command script was created:hostname Routerenable secret 5 $1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-serv

24、er!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5essinterface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownip address 1 no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip addressend0 Go to the

25、IOS command prompt without saving this config.1 Return back to the setup without saving this config.2 Save this configuration to nvram and exit.Enter your selection 2:Consolewg_ro_cwg_ro_cenablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_cwg_ro_clogoutwg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.用戶方式提示

26、特權方式提示登入路由器 只需所輸命令串在全部命令中是獨一的，可以將一個命令盡能夠地簡寫，路由器在用戶方式下的命令清單wg_ro_c?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off

27、 privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC- More -wg_

28、ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure

29、 Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also undebug) delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on pr

30、ivileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system- More -路由器在特權方式下的命令清單只需輸入部分命令串(獨一表示某個命令)，緊接著按tab鍵就可以完好地輸入一個命令路由器命令行協(xié)助機制上下文關聯(lián)協(xié)助錯誤信息提示指出所輸入交換機命令的錯誤所在，以便于修正或糾正.可以重新調(diào)出一個較長或較復雜的命令或其它內(nèi)容，用來再次運轉(zhuǎn)、查看或修正. 之前命令保管區(qū)提供命令清單和與特定命令相關聯(lián)的參數(shù). 路由器的上下文相關聯(lián)協(xié)助

31、Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# cl?clear clockRouter# clock% Incomplete command.Router# clock ?set Set the time and dateRouter# clock set% Incomplete command.Router# clock set ?hh:mm:ss Current Time 符號解析命令提示調(diào)出最近用過的內(nèi)容路由器的上下文相關聯(lián)

32、協(xié)助(續(xù))Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# clear clockRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# set Set the time and dateRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# hh:mm:ss Current TimeRouter# clock set 19:56:00% Incomplete command.Router# clo

33、ck set 19:56:00 ? Day of the monthMONTH Month of the yearRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 8 % Invalid input detected at the markerRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? Year命令提示語法檢查命令提示RouterShape the future of internetworking by creating unprece

34、d運用加強的編輯命令“Shape the future of internetworking by creating unprecedented value for customers, employees, and partners.上述文字段在輸入時會超出一行Router$ future of internetworking by creating unprecedented op運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).RouterShape the value of internetworking by creating unpreced運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷)

35、.光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.光標挪動到命令行的終了位置.運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.光標挪動到命令行的終了位置.回移一個單詞Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.光標挪動到命令行的終了位置.回移一個單詞.下移一個字符.Router

36、$ value for customers, employees, and partners.運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.光標挪動到命令行的終了位置.回移一個單詞下移一個字符.回移一個字符.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.運用加強的編輯命令(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.光標挪動到命令行的終了位置.回移一個單詞下移一個字符.回移一個字符.下移一個單詞Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners

37、.(一行中長字串會自動滾卷).光標挪動到命令行的開場位置.光標挪動到命令行的終了位置.回移一個單詞下移一個字符.回移一個字符.下移一個單詞運用加強的編輯命令刪除當前字符Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.Ctrl-P or Up arrow調(diào)出最近(前一)運用過的命令Ctrl-N or Down arrow調(diào)出更近運用過的命令Router show history顯示命令保管區(qū)內(nèi)容Router terminal history size lines 設置命令保管區(qū)大小回覽之前用過的命令show version 命令wg_ro

38、_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Ver

39、sion 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102查看配置情況控制臺IOSSetup utilityshowst

40、artup-configshowrunning-config將配置參數(shù)保管到NVRAM中ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMshow running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 9 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!- More -保管在NVRAM中保管在RAM中顯示當前運轉(zhuǎn)的和保管的配置情況路由器方式一

41、覽Router(config)#RouterenableRouter#config termExitCtrl-Z (end)用戶方式特權方式全局配置方式配置方式方式提示InterfaceRouter(config-if)#Subinterface Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#LineRouter(config-line)#RouterRouter(config-router)#IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#保管配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy runn

42、ing-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#將當前運轉(zhuǎn)的配置復制到NVRAM中配置路由器的各種標識為路由器或其端口設置標識或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#開機時的固定顯示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access o

43、nly! #配置路由器的各種標識為路由器或其端口設置標識或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#開機時的固定顯示信息wg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #端口描畫wg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18

44、Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制臺密碼虛擬終端密碼Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose路由器密碼配置Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco控制臺密碼虛擬終端密碼Router

45、(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose特權方式明文密碼Router(config)#enable password cisco特權方式加密密碼Router(config)#enable secret sanfran路由器密碼配置其它控制臺命令Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#

46、logging synchronous制止控制臺會話自動退出重顯被打亂的控制臺輸入Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#端口配置type 包括 serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnelnumber 用來識別詳細的單個端口Router(config-if)#exit從當前端口配置方式退出Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(con

47、fig-if)#模塊化端口的表示法配置串口進入全局配置方式Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#指定某個端口配置串口進入全局配置方式Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#Router(config-if)#bandwid

48、th 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#指定某個端口設置時鐘頻率 (只在DCE端)調(diào)協(xié)波特率 (建議)Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is /24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set,

49、keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256

50、(active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec(output omitted) 確認參數(shù)修正情況以太網(wǎng)的 media-type 命令Router(config)#interface ethernet 2Router(config-if)#media-type 10baset為以太網(wǎng)端口選擇適當?shù)?/p>

51、介質(zhì)類型開啟或封鎖端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up 開啟曾經(jīng)封鎖的端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(conf

52、ig-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down 人工封鎖端口路由器的 show interfaces 命令Router#show interfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f) Internet address is 1/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, A