選修8-UNIT5-詞匯講解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)Unit 5Meeting your ancestors1. alternative n可能的選擇adj.供選擇的，其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(教材P37)你能想出今天我們使用的替代品嗎？I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.我提議這次要

2、么到山區(qū)要么到海邊度假。have the alternative of doing sth. 有做的選擇；可以做have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 別無選擇只好做alternative/choice/selectionalternative一般強調(diào)在只有兩種可能性或者行為方式之間進行的選擇。choice泛指從一組人或物中進行的自由選擇。selection含有從許多可供選擇的人或物中擇優(yōu)選擇的意思。(2013天水高二質(zhì)檢)In this school，the students have three _ courses and seven _ cou

3、rses.Arequired；alternative Brequiring；alternative Crequire；alternate Drequire；alternative2starvation n挨餓；餓死Did they suffer from cold，starvation or disease？(教材P37)他們遭受寒冷，饑餓或疾病嗎？There are many people suffering from starvation in the world at present.現(xiàn)在，世界上仍然有許多人在挨餓。starve vt.& vi.(使)餓死；渴望 starve.to de

4、ath 使餓死starve to death 餓死 starve for sth.渴求/需要什么starve to do sth.想要干某事 starve o sth./into doing sth. 斷絕食物(或資金)來源以迫使某人做某事3. It_is_a_great_pleasure_to_meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.(教材P38)很高興見到你們這些來自英國的且對考古學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生。這是一個復(fù)合句。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞students；主句部分It is a

5、 great pleasure to meet you students from England，是一個以it作形式主語的句子，真正的主語是to meet you students from England。It is very important for us to learn English well.對我們來說學(xué)好英語非常重要。it作形式主語的句型有：Itben./adj.v.ing結(jié)構(gòu) Itben./adj.(for sb.)to do sth.Itben./adj.of sb.to do sth. Itben./adj.that.【提示】在此句型中表示贊揚或批評的形容詞是wise，

6、clever，stupid，foolish，kind，nice，good，rude，cruel等時，介詞of不能換成for。此句型也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成sb.beadj.to do sth.。She was foolish to waste money on such clothes. 她很愚蠢花錢買這種衣服。4interrupt v打斷；中斷；插嘴Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(教材P38)對不起，打斷了你(的講話)，請問他們怎么能夠住在這個地方呢？Dont interrupt the speaker；ask questi

7、ons afterwards. 不要打斷演說者，等他講完后再問問題。interruption n中斷；阻斷物 without interruption 不間斷地interruptive adj.阻礙的；打擾的I managed to work for two hours without interruption.我總算連續(xù)工作了兩個小時。interrupt/disturbinterrupt突然中斷、打斷他人言語或行為，使其不能繼續(xù)。disturb較正式用詞，多用被動語態(tài)。指擾亂，使人不能平靜或妨礙別人工作、思維或正常秩序。Youd better not interrupt him.He is

8、sleeping. 你最好別打擾他。他在睡覺。5So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless_of the cold.(教材P38)因此我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒，就住在這些洞穴里。(1)assume v假定；假想；以為；假裝；裝作；擔(dān)任；承擔(dān)I had assumed him to be a Belgian.我本以為他是比利時人。Dont always assume the worst.別總往最壞處想。assume sb./sth.to be.假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為 It is assu

9、med that.被認為assumption n假定；設(shè)想 make an assumption認為，假定 on the assumption that.假定assuming that假設(shè)/假定It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍認為壓力來自于過多的工作。assume/guess/imagineassume假設(shè)；設(shè)想；認為。指很少或完全無根據(jù)的心理推測，并非合乎邏輯的推理，或指為論證而提出有一定根據(jù)的假設(shè)。guess猜測；猜想。最常用詞，指毫無根據(jù)僅憑個人主觀臆斷或碰運氣的猜測。imagine想象。指

10、毫無根據(jù)隨意想象，可在腦海中構(gòu)成明確的、清晰的圖像。Im sorry I couldnt guess who you were on the telephone.對不起，我在電話里聽不出你是誰。用assume/guess/imagine的適當形式填空(2)regardless of不管；不顧They rebuilt the house regardless of cost.他們不惜成本重建了那所房子。He went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety他把個人安危置之度外去救一個溺水兒童。rega

11、rdless of/despite/in spite of這三個短語都可以表示“不管，不顧”，但是用法不同。regardless of不管；不顧；不理會。一般用語。despite雖然；盡管；不顧。語氣較弱，多用于詩歌或正式的文體中。in spite of雖然，盡管；不顧。多用于書面語，語氣較重。【提示】regardless，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟從句，但可以接the fact that.。6Weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where_they_made_fires.(教材P38)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在洞

12、穴的中央有生火用的火爐。(1)這是一個復(fù)合句。weve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves是主句部分，where引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾先行詞the caves，并在定語從句中作狀語。(2)where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在定語從句中作地點狀語，其先行詞一般是表示地點的名詞，相當于介詞which。Is there a shop around where(in which) we can get fruit？附近有我們能買到水果的商店嗎？【提示】where在從句中只能充當狀語，如果不是作狀語，就要換用that或which。This is the

13、 factory where his father worked last year. 這是去年他父親工作的那家工廠。This is the factory (which/that) we visited yesterday. 這是我們昨天參觀的那家工廠。(2013北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks_animals and plants can be protected.AwhenBwhichCwhoseDwhere7It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to

14、cut_up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)看樣子他們可能是用磨尖的石器來切割野獸并剝皮。(1)sharpen vi.& vt.使尖銳；使急??；變尖銳，變急劇The walk has sharpened my appetite.散步增加了我的食欲。sharp adj.鋒利的；急劇的；敏銳的；尖刻的 sharpener n磨具；削具sharpen sth. up使達到標準；使符合質(zhì)量要求Be careful with that knifeits very sharp. 當心那把刀子它很鋒利。He decided to come here at two

15、oclock sharp. 他決定兩點整來這兒。en是后綴，en是前綴。有些名詞、形容詞前或后加上該詞輟后可構(gòu)成動詞，表示“變?yōu)椤薄ⅰ笆褂小?、“變得”、“變得有”，如：hearten，strengthen，darken，harden，weaken，ripen，soften，enrich，enlarge等。一些物質(zhì)名詞之后加上該詞綴后可構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“由制作的”，如：wooden，woolen，golden。(2)cut up切碎；剪碎；用刀等把某物切成小塊；摧毀，粉碎；使傷心；使悲痛He has to have his food cut up for him. 他得讓人替他把食物切碎。cut

16、 across 抄近路；徑直穿過 cut away切掉；剪掉 cut down 砍倒；殺死；消減，縮短cut in 插嘴；突然插入 cut into halves/pieces切成兩半/碎塊cut out切掉；刪掉 cut through 將鑿穿；抄近道 cut off 切掉；砍掉；從上截下I wish Jane would stop cutting in on our conversation. 我希望簡不要打斷我們的談話。8ample adj.足夠的；充足的；富裕的；大的；寬敞的After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto t

17、he skin.(教材P38), 然后，他們可能在獸皮上邊擦上大量的鹽We have ample money for the journey.我們用于度假的錢很充裕。9.as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)正如植物學(xué)分析結(jié)果所顯示的那樣，這兒四周曾經(jīng)是一個很大的淺水湖。句中as引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作賓語，指后面句子的內(nèi)容。The Pacific is the largest ocean，a

18、s we all know.太平洋是最大的洋，這一點我們都知道。(正如我們所知道的，太平洋是最大的洋。)as/whichas與which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別as的用法在從句中通常作主語指代整個主句；表示的意思是正如，正像；其引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。which的用法關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語或賓語，指代人或物。當指代整個主句時表示的意思是主句和從句之間是因果關(guān)系即因為所以。其引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。As we expected，we won the game. 我們贏了，這一點在我們預(yù)料之中。(正如我們預(yù)料的一樣，我們贏了。)As is kno

19、wn to all，he is the best student in our class. 眾所周知，他是我們班上最好的學(xué)生。(2013山東高考)There is no simple answer，_ is often the case in science. Aas Bthat Cwhen DWhere1significance n意義；意思；重要性；重要意義The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money. 大學(xué)生打工的意義不僅在于錢。the significance

20、of.的重要性/含義 be of (great) significance 有(重大)意義/(非常)重要be of no significance 無意義/不重要 be of little significance 不太重要significant adj.重大的；重要的；顯著的 significantly adv.有重大意義地；顯著地；明顯地；有某種意義of抽象名詞相當于抽象名詞對應(yīng)的形容詞，即：be of significancebe significant，如：be of importancebe important be of usebe useful be of valuebe val

21、uable2. somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某種方式Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr.Black.(教材P40)不知怎么地，他騎車30英里去了布萊克醫(yī)生家Somehow，I dont feel I can trust him.不知什么原因，我覺得我不能信任他。Well get there somehow.我們得設(shè)法到那里?！咎崾尽扛痹~somehow可置于句首、句中或句末。置于句首及句末時，也可與主句之間用逗號隔開。somewaysomehow以某種方式；不知怎么地 somewhat adv.稍微；有點兒anyhowanyway無論如何；盡管，即

22、使這樣(2013泰州高二檢測)Im sorry I didnt recognize you just now.You look different_.AsomewhatBsomehow Canyhow Danyway3. be fed up with受夠了，飽受，厭煩Well，Im fed up with all the attention.(教材P41) 噢，我厭煩了所有的關(guān)注Im fed up with the job.我對這份工作極其厭煩。feed back反應(yīng)；反饋 feed sb./sth.on sth.用喂養(yǎng)feed sth.to sb./sth.喂給 feed on sth.(動

23、物)以為食，靠活live on sth.(人)以為主食；靠生活表示“對厭倦”的短語有：be tired of be bored with1If only it could be just like last year！(教材P43) 要是能像去年那樣就好了！if only要是就好了，引導(dǎo)感嘆句或狀語從句，動詞用虛擬語氣，表示愿望或未實現(xiàn)的條件?！咎崾尽縤f only“要是就好了；但愿”。if only后的句子常用虛擬語氣，表達強烈的愿望或遺憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般過去時(表示與現(xiàn)在事實可能相反)、過去將來時(表示與將來事實可能相反)或過去完成時(表示與過去事實相反)。if onl

24、y/only ifif only“但愿，要是就好了”，引導(dǎo)感嘆句或狀語從句，動詞用虛擬語氣，表示愿望或未實現(xiàn)的條件。only if“只有才，直到才”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，不用虛擬語氣，其中的only表示強調(diào)。因為狀語從句放在句首，又用only強調(diào)，所以主句主、謂語要倒裝。If only she would pass the examination! 但愿她考試能及格！Only if you study hard can you pass the examination. 你只有努力學(xué)習(xí)，才能通過考試。2applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊賞She had felt so proud as

25、 the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.(教材P43)當族人為他的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時候，她覺得非常自豪。applaud sb./sth.(for sth.)(因某事)贊賞某人/某事 applause n鼓掌；喝彩；夸獎；贊揚3look ahead向前看；為將來打算If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！(教材P43) 她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計劃得更好些就好了！look around/round 仔細查看；尋找 look back 回顧；回想 look down upo

26、n/on歧視；看不起look forward to希望；盼望 look on sb.as把某人看做(或當做) look into調(diào)查，審查look out當心；注意 look through瀏覽；仔細看 look up好轉(zhuǎn)，有起色；向上看；查找look up and down 上下打量4accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促進Having heard wolves howling in the forest，Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts

27、 lying in wait for her.(教材P43)聽見狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，擔(dān)心會有野獸在等著她。acceleration nU加速；促進The figures show an acceleration in the rate of economic growth.這些數(shù)字顯示了經(jīng)濟增長率的加速。accelerate/hurry/quicken/speedaccelerate vi. & vt.強調(diào)運動速度或事情進展的加快，但并不一定只用于速度。hurry n. & vt. &vi.強調(diào)造成混亂、妨礙精神集中的匆忙活動。quicken vt. & vi.強調(diào)所需時

28、間的縮短，并含有“激發(fā)、刺激”的意思。speed n. & vt. & vi.強調(diào)運動或進展的快速，作及物動詞時，意為“加速”；作不及物動詞時，作“高速行駛，高速前進”講。(2013邢臺高二檢測)As is well known，peasants often use special chemicals to _ the growth of crops.AimproveBincrease Cpromote Daccelerate5She had_almost_reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress

29、and she stopped.(教材P43)快到達目的地的時候，一陣香氣撲鼻，她不往前走了，停了下來。(1)when作為并列連詞，常常意為“在這時”，強調(diào)動作的突發(fā)性。We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我們剛剛?cè)胨?，突然鈴聲響了起來。be doing.when.正在做時突然 be about to do.when.正要做時突然be just going to do.when.正要這時 had just done.when.剛剛突然be on the point of doing.when.正要這時I was watching TV w

30、hen someone knocked at the door.我正在看電視，就在那時有人敲門。(2)arrest vt.逮捕；吸引；阻止；中止 n逮捕；拘留The police were called in，but they could not arrest anyone.警察被叫來了，但他們不能逮捕任何人。arrest sb.for 因而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 arrest ones attention引起某人注意under arrest 在關(guān)押中 make an arrest 進行拘捕6Abruptly she sat down，only_to_be_scooped_up_by_her_laughing，