2016屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)提優(yōu)講義閱讀理解的做題方法與技巧

1、閱讀理解的做題方法與技巧（二）-高三英語(yǔ)提優(yōu)學(xué)案推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。它要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實(shí)，在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，作出正確的推理和判斷，從而理解文章的隱含意義和深層意義。注意推理時(shí)要以文章提供的事實(shí)為依據(jù)不要憑空想象。推理題涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字依據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息作多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息進(jìn)一步推出的答案：既對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話作同義改寫(xiě)（paraphrase）或綜合考查。推理題

2、的目的是考查識(shí)別能力，并不涉及復(fù)雜的判斷和推理。一、設(shè)題方式1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seen/impliedfromthepassagethat_2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?3.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat_4.Whatstheauthorsattitudetowards_?5.Whatsthepurposeofthispassage?6.Whatsthetoneoftheauthor?7.Wherewouldthispassagem

3、ostprobablyappear?.二、解題思路（一）解答此類(lèi)題的一般步驟是：1.定位信息：認(rèn)真閱讀題干和選項(xiàng)，尋找相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)，即關(guān)鍵詞。2.字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義。3.深層理解：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。（二）選擇答案時(shí)，注意排除以下干擾選項(xiàng)，以便縮小選擇范圍：1.不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)，要嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理；2.推理的根據(jù)來(lái)源于上下文；3.如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就是正確答案；4.如果某選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它就屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是

4、正確答案；5.如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖然在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案；6.文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（should,must,may.）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于幫助我們確定正確答案；7.某些過(guò)渡詞（however,but,onthecontrary,whatsmore）后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。三、常見(jiàn)的幾種推理判斷題（一）Wearrivedinthesummer,justintimetoenjoythemidnightsun.AllthatsunlightwasfantasticforMomsvegetablegarden.Workingint

5、hegardenatmidnighttendedtothrowhertimingoff,soshedidntcaremuchaboutmybedtime.DadwasaRailwayExpressagentandMomwashisclerk.Thatleftmeinamess.Iusuallymanagedtofindsometroubletogetinto.OnceIhadalittlefiregoinginthedirt（basementofahotel.Ihadtriedtolightabarrel桶）ofpaintbutcouldntreallygetagoodfiregoing.Th

6、esmokegotprettybad,though,andwhen1mademyexit,acrowdandthepoliceweretheretogreetme.ThepolicementookmymatchesanddrovemeMomandDadwereoccupiedinthegardenandDadtoldthepolicetokeepme,andtheydid!IhadatouroftheprisonbeforeMomrescuedme.1hadntturned5yet.1.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorsfamily?A.Hisfatherwasa

7、cruelman.B.Hisparentsdidntlovehim.C.Hisparentsusedtobeverybusy.D.Hismotherdidnthaveanyjobs.Summary:此類(lèi)屬于細(xì)節(jié)推理題。要求考生要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人物關(guān)系，事件等。一般可依據(jù)短文提供的信息，或借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判定。（二）Afterthefirstexpedition,Larryslaterdivingadventuresonlygotbetterandbetter.Therewasneveradullmoment.Inhisblackandbluesuitandwi

8、thanoxygentankfastenedonhisback,Larrydivedfromboatsintothemiddleoftheocean.Dangerousareasdidnotpreventhimfromcontinuinghissearch.Sometimes,hiswaslimitedtoacageunderwaterbutthatdidnotbotherhim.Atleast,hewasstillabletotakephotographsoftheunderwatercreatures.WhydidLarryhavetostayinacageunderwatersometi

9、mes?A.Toprotecthimselffromdanger.B.Todiveintothedeepwater.C.Toadmiretheunderwaterview.D.Totakephotomoreconveniently.Summary:此類(lèi)屬于因果推斷題。要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因。考生要正確把握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。（三）Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgames,withafewr

10、acesforthosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.Whatstheauthorsattitudetowardssportsday?A.CriticalB.NeutralC.PositiveD.AmbiguousThreemenwerediscussinghowtodonate(捐獻(xiàn))moneytoGod.Atfirsttheycouldntagreewitheachother,thentheyeachtoldhisownidea.Thefirstmansaid:“Letsdrawasm

11、allcircleonthegroundandthrowcoinstotheground.ThemoneyoutofthecirclebelongstoGod.Thesecondmanadded,“WewilldonatethecoinsinsidethecircletoGodbecauseGodisinourhearts.aThethirdmansaid:“Yourideasarenotbad,butIhavebetterideathanyours.Letsthrowcoinsintothesky.ThecoinsthatGodacceptsbelongtohim.SoGodcanaccep

12、tasmuchmoneyashecan.Atlast,theyagreedtothelastidea,andtheybegantothrowcoinstotheskyhappily.Accordingtothepassage,wecandrawaconclusion_.A.Allthethreemenwerekindhearted.B.Thethirdmanismoregenerousthantheothertwo.C.NoneofthembelievedinGod.D.Threemenareallstingy(吝嗇)people.Summary:此類(lèi)屬于人物性格，態(tài)度以及觀點(diǎn)判定題。解此類(lèi)題

13、時(shí)一定要站在作者的立場(chǎng)或角度，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)描述作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞有：objective(客觀的)-pessimistic（悲觀的）;neutral（中立的）-optimistic（樂(lè)觀的）,subjective（主觀的）-approving（贊成的）,positive（積極地）-disapproving（不贊成的）,negative（消極地）-indifferent（冷漠地）,critical（批判的）-ironic（諷刺的）（四）Weareinthecomputerage.Weoftenseecomputersatwork.Theyareespecial

14、lyusefullyinautomaticcontrol,dataprocessing(數(shù)據(jù)處理)andsolvingcomplicatedproblems.Andtheyarefindingtheirwayintothehome.Thepartplayedbycomputersisbecomingevenmoreimportantwitheachpassingday.Moreandclevercomputerswillcontinuetoappear.Theywillrunfaster,havemorefunctionsandworkmuchmoreskillfully.Theywillta

15、keovermoretasksfromus,helpingtochangethefaceofourworld.Somepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceus.HoweverWhichofthefollowingwillbestcontinuethethirdparagraph?A.Computerswillsoonstopdeveloping.B.Manypeoplelikecomputersverymuch.C.Computersareasclevererasman.D.Idonotthinkcomputerswillre

16、placeuscompletely.Summary:此類(lèi)屬于文脈邏輯關(guān)系推理題。要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路（如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按照因果關(guān)系，對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)描述）從而作出比較科學(xué)的，合情合理的猜測(cè)。（五）Imaginethatthegenome（基因組）isabook.Thebookconsistsof23chapterswiththousandsofstoriesmadeupofparagraphs，wordsandlettersondifferentlevels.Thereareonebillionwo

17、rdsinthebook，whichmakesitlongerthan5000volumesthesizeofthisbook.oraslongas800Bibles.IfIreadthegenomeouttoyouattherateofonewordpersecondforeighthoursaday，itwouldtakemeacentury.IfIwroteoutthehumangenome,oneletterpermillimeter，mytextwouldbeaslongastheRiverDanube.(多瑙河).Therealpurposeoftheauthorscomparis

18、onofthegenometoabookis.A.tofocusonthedifferencesbetweenthetwoB.tolayemphasisonthesimilaritiesbetweenthetwoC.tosimplifytheconceptofthehumangenomeD.togiveanexactdescriptionofthehumangenomeWithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscou

19、rsesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.

20、AnadvertisementSummary:此類(lèi)屬于寫(xiě)作意圖推測(cè)題?？忌鶕?jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖以及運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的寫(xiě)作方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。常見(jiàn)的有：1.娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑，如tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience.2.說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)于廣告類(lèi)的文章。如tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience.3.告知讀者某些信息。多見(jiàn)于科普類(lèi)、新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)，文化類(lèi)或

21、社會(huì)類(lèi)的文章。如toinformthereadersofsth.四、能力提升，小試牛刀IbeganwritingpoemsfifteenyearsagowhileIwasincollege.OnedayIwasinthelibrary,workingonatermpaper,whenIcameacrossabookofcontemporarypoetry.Idontrememberthetitleofthebookoranyofthetitlesofthepoemsexceptone:“FrankensteinsDaughter.”Thepoemwaswild,almostrude,andno

22、thingliketherhyme-and-meterpoetryIhadreadinhighschool.Ihadalwaysthoughtthatpoetrywasflowerywritingaboutsunsetsandwalksonthebeach,butthatlibrarybookcontaineddirectandsometimesshockingpoetryaboutdogs,junkedcars,rundownhouses,andTVs.Icheckedthebookout,curioustoreadmore.Soonafterward,Istartedfillinganot

23、ebookwithmyownpoems.AtfirstIwasscared,partlybecausemypoetryteacher,towhomthisbookiswrittenfor,wasaseriousandstrictmanwhocouldseetheerrorsinmypoems.Also,Irealizedtheseriousnessofmydevotion.Igaveupgeographytostudypoetry,whichagoodmanyfriendssaidofferednofuture.IignoredthembecauseIlikedworkingwithwords

24、,usingthemtoreconstructthepast,whichhasalwaysbeenasourceofpoetryforme.WhenIfirststudiedpoetry,Iwassingle-minded.Iwoketopoetryandwenttobedwithpoetry.Imemorizedpoems,readEnglishpoetsbecauseIwastoldtheywouldhelpshapemypoems,andreadclassicalChinesepoetrybecauseIwastoldthatitwouldaddclaritytomywork.ButIw

25、asmosttakenbytheSpanishandLatinAmericanpoets,particularlyPabloNeruda.Myfavoritesofhisweretheodeslong,short-linedpoemscelebratingcommonthingsliketomatoes,socksandscissors.IfeltjoyfulwhenIreadtheseodes,andwhenIbegantowritemyownpoems,Itriedtoremainfaithfultothecommonthingsofmychildhooddogs,alleys(小巷),m

26、ybaseballmitt(手套)andthefruitofthevalley,especiallytheorange.Iwantedtogivethesethingslife,towritesowellthatmypoemswouldexpresstheirbeauty.Ialsoadmiredourowncountryspoetry.Isawthatourpoetsoftenwroteaboutplaceswheretheygrewuporplacesthatimpressedthemdeeply.JamesWrightwroteaboutOhioandWestVirginia,PhilipLevineaboutDetroit,GarySnyderabouttheSierraNevadasandaboutJapan,whereforyearshestudiedZenBuddhism(禪宗佛教).IdecidedtowriteabouttheSanJoaquinValley,wheremyhometown,Fresno,islocated.Someofmypoemsareabsoluteobservationsan