組織學(xué)和胚胎學(xué)_組培_英語(yǔ)詞匯表_雙語(yǔ)

1、 PAGE14 / NUMPAGES14 GlossaryEpithelial Tissue,epii:lil tiju上皮組織covering epithelium被覆上皮simple squamous epitheliumskweims單層扁平上皮endothelium,endui:lim內(nèi)皮mesothelium,mesui:lim間皮simple cuboidal epitheliumkju:bidl單層立方上皮simple columnar epitheliumklmn單層柱狀上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium假?gòu)?fù)層纖毛柱狀

2、上皮stratified squamous epitheliumstrtifaid復(fù)層扁平上皮transitional epithelium變移上皮cell coat細(xì)胞衣microvillus(microvilli),maikruvils微絨毛cilium(cilia)silim纖毛tight junction緊密連接intermediate junction中間連接desmosomedezmsum橋粒gap junction縫隙連接basement membrane基膜plasma membrane infoldingplzm質(zhì)膜內(nèi)褶hemidesmosome半橋粒Connective T

3、issue結(jié)締組織connective tissue proper固有結(jié)締組織loose connective tissue疏松結(jié)締組織dense connective tissue致密結(jié)締組織reticular tissueritikjul網(wǎng)狀組織adipose tissuedipus脂肪組織fibroblastfaibrubl:st成纖維細(xì)胞macrophagemkrufeid巨噬細(xì)胞plasma cell漿細(xì)胞mast cell肥大細(xì)胞fat cell脂肪細(xì)胞ground substance基質(zhì)collagenous fiberkldns膠原纖維elastic fiber彈性纖維reti

4、cular fiber網(wǎng)狀纖維reticular cell網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞cartilagek:tilid軟骨cartilage tissue軟骨組織hyaline cartilagehailain透明軟骨elastic cartilage彈性軟骨fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage纖維軟骨chondrocytekndrsait軟骨細(xì)胞isogenous groupaisdins同源細(xì)胞群perichondrium,perikndrim軟骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissuesis骨組織bone matrix骨質(zhì)osteoprogenitor c

5、ell骨祖細(xì)胞osteoblaststiublst成骨細(xì)胞osteocytestisait骨細(xì)胞osteoclaststiuklst破骨細(xì)胞circumferential lamellalmel環(huán)骨板osteone骨單位Haversian system哈弗斯系統(tǒng)interstitial lamella間骨板periosteum,peri,stim骨外膜endosteumendstim骨內(nèi)膜Blood 血液serum sirm血清blood plasma 血漿Wrights stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte hi:msait血細(xì)胞erythrocyte irirusait紅細(xì)胞hemoglo

6、bin(Hb) ,hi:mulubin, ,hem- 血紅蛋白reticulocyte ritikjulusait 網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞leukocyte lju:kusait白細(xì)胞granulocyte rnjulusait 有粒白細(xì)胞agranulocyte eirnjulusait無(wú)粒白細(xì)胞azurophilic granules grnju:ls嗜天青顆粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) nju:trfil中性粒細(xì)胞eosinophil ,i:sinfil,-fail, -fil嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞basophil beisfil嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞monocyte m

7、nusait單核細(xì)胞lymphocyte limfusait 淋巴細(xì)胞blood platelet pleitlit血小板Muscle Tissue 肌組織muscle fiber 肌纖維sarcolemma ,s:kulem 肌膜sarcoplasm s:kplzm肌漿sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌漿網(wǎng)skeletal muscle skelitl 骨骼肌epimysium ,epimisim肌外膜perimysium,perimiim, -zim肌束膜endomysium ,endmizim肌內(nèi)膜striated muscle straieitid橫紋肌myofilame

8、nt ,maiufilmnt肌絲isotropic band ,aisutrpik I帶anisotropic bandn,aisutrpik A帶sarere s:kmi肌節(jié)myofibril ,maiufaibril 肌原纖維transverse tubule (T tubule) 橫小管longitudinal tubule ,lnditju:dinl縱小管terminal cisternaet:minlsist:ni:終池triad traid, -d三聯(lián)體cardiac muscle k:dik心肌intercalated disc 閏盤(pán)diad daid 二聯(lián)體smooth mus

9、cle 平滑肌Nervous Tissue 神經(jīng)組織nervous cell 神經(jīng)細(xì)胞neuroglial cell 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞neuron njurn神經(jīng)元somasum胞體neurite njurait突起dendritedendrait 樹(shù)突axon ksn軸突Nissls body 尼氏體neurofibril ,njurufaibril 神經(jīng)原纖維neurofilament ,nurfilmnt神經(jīng)絲microtubule ,maikrutju:bju:l微管synapsesainps,突觸axosomatic synapse 軸體突觸axodendrite synapse 軸樹(shù)突

10、觸chemical synapse 化學(xué)性突觸presynaptic element ,pri:sinptik突觸前成分synaptic vesicle vesikl 突觸小泡synaptic cleft 突觸間隙postsynaptic element 突觸后成分glial cell lail膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞astrocyte strsait星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞oligodendrocyte liudendrsait少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞microglia maikrlai 小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞ependymal cell epend,meri 室管膜細(xì)胞Schwanns cell 施萬(wàn)細(xì)胞neurilemmal cell ,

11、njurlmtik神經(jīng)膜細(xì)胞satellite cell stlait衛(wèi)星細(xì)胞nerve fiber 神經(jīng)纖維myelinated nerve fiber mailineitid,有髓神經(jīng)纖維unmyelinated nerve fiber 無(wú)髓神經(jīng)纖維central axon ksn軸索myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神經(jīng)膜Ranviers node 郎飛結(jié)internode intnud 結(jié)間體nerve 神經(jīng)epineurium ,epinjurim 神經(jīng)外膜perineurium ,pernju:rim神經(jīng)束膜endoneurium ,pernju:rim神經(jīng)內(nèi)膜

12、sensory nerve ending 感覺(jué)神經(jīng)末梢free nerve ending 游離神經(jīng)末梢encapsulated nerve ending inkpsleitid 被囊神經(jīng)末梢tactiletktail corpuscle k:psl 觸覺(jué)小體lameller corpuscle k:psl環(huán)層小體muscle spindle spindl肌梭motor nerve ending 運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢somaticsumtik motor nerve ending 軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢visceral visrlmotor nerve ending 內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)末梢motor end pla

13、te 運(yùn)動(dòng)終板Circulatory System循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Cardiovascular system ,k:diuvskjul心血管系統(tǒng) heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium,enduk:dim心內(nèi)膜endothelium,endui:lim內(nèi)皮subendothelial layerlei內(nèi)皮下層subendocardial layer心內(nèi)膜下層Purkinje fibers浦肯野纖維 myocardium,maiuk:dim心肌膜epicardium,epik:dim心外膜 artery:tri動(dòng)脈medium-sized artery 中動(dòng)脈muscular

14、 artery肌性動(dòng)脈tunica intimatju:nikintim內(nèi)膜 internal elastic membrane內(nèi)彈性膜 tunica media中膜 tunica adventitia,dventii外膜external elastic membrane外彈性膜large artery大動(dòng)脈elastic artery彈性動(dòng)脈small artery小動(dòng)脈arteriole:tiriu微動(dòng)脈capillarykpilri, kpi-毛細(xì)血管continuous capillary連續(xù)性毛細(xì)血管fenestratedfinestreitid capillary有孔毛細(xì)血管 di

15、scontinuous sinusoidal,sinsidl capillary不連續(xù)毛細(xì)血管blood sinusoid血竇 veinvein靜脈lymphatic ,limftik system 淋巴系統(tǒng)lymphatic capillary毛細(xì)淋巴管 lymphatic vesselvesl淋巴管 lymphatic trunks淋巴干 lymphatic ducts淋巴導(dǎo)管Immune imju:n System免疫系統(tǒng)lymphoid limfid organ淋巴器官central lymphoid organ中樞淋巴器官peripheralprifrl lymphoid organ

16、周圍淋巴器官lymphatic tissue淋巴組織diffuse lymphoid tissue彌散淋巴組織 lymphoid nodulendju:l, -du:l淋巴小結(jié)immune cell 免疫細(xì)胞thymusaims胸腺capsulekpsju:l被膜interlobular septum小葉間隔thymocyteaimsait胸腺細(xì)胞epithelial reticular cell上皮網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞thymic epithelial cell胸腺上皮細(xì)胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小體lymphoid node淋巴結(jié)trabecula小梁cortical sinussains

17、皮質(zhì)淋巴竇subcapsular sinus被膜下淋巴竇peritrabecular sinus小梁周竇superficial ,sju:pfilcortexk:teks淺層皮質(zhì)paracortex zoneprk:teks副皮質(zhì)區(qū)thymus dependent area胸腺依賴區(qū)medullary cordmedlri髓索medullary sinus髓竇spleen脾white pulpplp白髓periarterial lymphatic sheath動(dòng)脈周圍淋巴鞘central artery中央動(dòng)脈splenic corpusclek:psl脾小結(jié)red pulp紅髓splenic

18、cord脾索splenic sinus脾竇marginal zonem:dinl邊緣區(qū) palatinepltain tonsiltnsil腭扁桃體mononuclear,mnunju:kli phagocytic ,fsitiksystem單核吞噬細(xì)胞系統(tǒng)Digestive System消化系統(tǒng)digestivedidestiv tract消化管mucosamju:kus粘膜lamina propria固有層muscularis mucosa粘膜肌層submucosa粘膜下層muscularis肌層adventitia,dventii外膜tonguet舌l(xiāng)ingual liwl papill

19、appil舌乳頭filiform papilla絲狀乳頭fungiformfilif:m papilla菌狀乳頭circumvallate ,s:kmvleit papilla輪廓乳頭esophagusi:sfs食管stomach胃fundic fndikgland胃底腺chief cell主細(xì)胞zymogen cellzaimudn胃酶細(xì)胞parietal cellpraiitl壁細(xì)胞oxynticksintik cell泌酸細(xì)胞mucous mju:ksneck cell頸粘液細(xì)胞small intestineintestin小腸plicae plaikcircularis環(huán)行皺襞abso

20、rptive bs:ptivcell吸收細(xì)胞striated border紋狀緣goblet cell杯狀細(xì)胞endocrine cellendukrain,內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞small intestinal gland小腸腺Paneth cell潘氏細(xì)胞undifferentiated cell未分化細(xì)胞intestinal vilus腸絨毛large intestine大腸digestive gland消化腺pancreaspnkris胰exocrine portionekskrain外分泌部pancreas isletailit胰島glucagon lu:kn胰高血糖素insulininsjul

21、in胰島素somatostatin,sumtsttin,生長(zhǎng)抑素liverliv肝hepatic hiptiklobule/liver lobule/lbju:l/肝小葉hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyteheptsait,肝細(xì)胞Kupffer cell庫(kù)普弗細(xì)胞hepatic sinusoidsainsid肝血竇Disse space狄氏間隙perisinusoidal space竇周隙bile bailcanaliculus,knlikjuls膽小管portal canal area門管區(qū)interlobular vei

22、n小葉間靜脈interlobular artery小葉間動(dòng)脈interlobular bile duct小葉間膽管Respiratory resprtri,System呼吸系統(tǒng)tracheatrki:, treiki氣管lungl肺conducting portion導(dǎo)氣部lobar bronchusbrks葉支氣管small bronchus小支氣管bronchiolebrkiul細(xì)支氣管terminal t:minlbronchiole終末細(xì)支氣管respiratoryresprtri, portion呼吸部respiratory bronchiole呼吸性細(xì)支氣管alveolar lvi

23、l duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary, plmnriacinussins肺泡alveolar epithelium肺泡上皮type alveolar cell型肺泡細(xì)胞type alveolar cell型肺泡細(xì)胞surfactants:fktnt表面活性物質(zhì)alveolar septumseptm肺泡隔alveolar pore肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage肺巨噬細(xì)胞dust cell塵細(xì)胞blood-air barrier血?dú)馄琳蟫espiratory membrane呼吸膜Urinaryjurinri System 泌尿系統(tǒng)kidney ki

24、dni腎renalri:nl cortexk:teks腎皮質(zhì)renal medulla medl腎髓質(zhì)cortical labyrinth lbrin皮質(zhì)迷路medullary ray 髓放線uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron nefrn腎單位renal corpuscle 腎小體vascularvskjul pole 血管極urinary pole 尿極renal glomerulus lmerjuls腎小球mesangium mesndim血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜細(xì)胞mesangial matrixmeitriks系膜基質(zhì)renal capsul

25、e kpsju:l腎小囊parietal layer praiitl壁層visceral layer visrl臟層capsular space 腎小囊腔podocyte pdsait足細(xì)胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtrationfiltrein membrane 濾過(guò)膜filtration barrier 濾過(guò)屏障renal tubule 腎小管proximalprksiml tubule 近端小管thin segment semnt細(xì)段distal tubule distl遠(yuǎn)端小管pars convolute knv,lu:t曲部pars recta rekt直部proxim

26、al convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷狀緣lateral process 側(cè)突basal striation 基底縱紋distal convoluted tubule 遠(yuǎn)曲小管collection tubule 集合管juxtaglomerular ,dkstlmerjul plex 球旁復(fù)合體juxtaglomerular apparatus ,preits腎小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁細(xì)胞renin ri:nin, re-腎素macula mkjul densa 致密斑extraglomerular mesangial ce

27、ll 球外系膜細(xì)胞Skin皮膚epidermis,epid:mis表皮dermisd:mis真皮stratumstreitm, basale基底層stratum spinosum棘層stratum granulosum顆粒層stratum lucidum透明層stratum corneumk:nim角質(zhì)層melanocytemelnusait黑素細(xì)胞Langerhans cell朗格漢斯細(xì)胞papillaryppilri layer乳頭層reticular layer網(wǎng)織層hypodermis,haipud:mis皮下組織Eye 眼eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic tju:nik

28、纖維膜vascular tunic vskjul血管膜retina retin視網(wǎng)膜corneak:ni角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界層corneal stromastrum角膜基質(zhì)posterior limiting lamina 后界層corneal endothelium 角膜內(nèi)皮layers of retina 視網(wǎng)膜的分層pigmentpimnt epithelium layer 色素上皮層layer of rods and cones 視桿視錐層layer of bipolar baipul cell 雙極細(xì)

29、胞層layer of ganglion cell lin節(jié)細(xì)胞層pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮細(xì)胞visual cell vizjul視細(xì)胞photoreceptor cell ,futurisept感光細(xì)胞rod cell 視桿細(xì)胞cone cell kun視錐細(xì)胞bipolar cell baipul雙極細(xì)胞ganglion cell 節(jié)細(xì)胞Endocrine Systemendukrain, -krin內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)endocrine gland內(nèi)分泌腺nitrogen-naitrdncontainine hormone h:muncell含氮激素細(xì)胞steroid

30、 secretory sikri:tri cell類固醇分泌細(xì)胞thyroid glandairid甲狀腺thyroid hormone甲狀腺激素follicular flikjul epithelial cell濾泡上皮細(xì)胞thyroglobulin,airulbjuliiodination,aiudinein碘化的甲狀腺球蛋白colloidklid膠體thyroxineairksi:n, -sin甲狀腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲狀腺原氨酸t(yī)etraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲狀腺原氨酸parafollicular cell濾泡旁細(xì)胞calcitonin,k

31、lsitunin降鈣素parathyroid,prairid甲狀旁腺chief cell主細(xì)胞parathyroid hormone甲狀旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性細(xì)胞adrenaldri:nl gland腎上腺 zona glomerulosa球狀帶mineralocorticoid,minrluk:tikid鹽皮質(zhì)激素aldosterone,ldusterun醛固酮zona fasiculata束狀帶Glucocorticoid,lu:kuk:tikid糖皮質(zhì)激素corticosterone,k:tikstrun皮質(zhì)酮zona reticularis網(wǎng)狀帶chromaffin k

32、rumfincell嗜鉻細(xì)胞adrenalinedrenlinepinephrine,epinefrin腎上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline去甲腎上腺素pituitary gland pitju:itri垂體basophilic cell,beisfilik嗜堿性細(xì)胞thyrotroph促甲狀腺激素細(xì)胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin促甲狀腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素細(xì)胞adrenocorticotropindri:nu,k:tiku

33、trpin促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素gonadotroph促性腺激素細(xì)胞 adenohypophysis,dnuhaipfisis腺垂體pars distalis 遠(yuǎn)側(cè)部acidophilic cell,sidufilik嗜酸性細(xì)胞 somatotroph sumttruf生長(zhǎng)激素細(xì)胞somatotropin/growth hormone(GH)生長(zhǎng)激素mammotroph/prolactin cell促乳激素細(xì)胞mammotropin,mmutrupin促乳激素 follicleflikl stimulatingstimjuleiti hormone(FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizinglu:ti

34、inaiz hormone(LH)h:mun黃體生成素interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)間質(zhì)細(xì)胞刺激素chromophobe cell嫌色細(xì)胞pars intermedia中間部melanotroph促黑素激素細(xì)胞melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)黑素細(xì)胞刺激素pars tuberalis 結(jié)節(jié)部neurohypophysis,njuruhaipfisis神經(jīng)垂體 pars nervosa神經(jīng)部pituicytepitju:isait垂體細(xì)胞Herrings body赫林體hypothalamus,haip

35、ulms下丘腦supraoptic nucleus,sju:prptik視上核paraaventricular nucleus室旁核vasopressin(VP),veizupresin加壓素antidiuretic hormone(ADH)nti,daijuretik抗利尿激素oxytocin(OT),ksitusin, -t-催產(chǎn)素 infundibulum,infndibjulm漏斗 Male Reproductive System ,ri:prdktiv男性生殖系統(tǒng)testis testis睪丸seminiferous tubule ,seminifrs生精小管interstitial

36、 tissue 間質(zhì)spermatogenic epithelium ,sp:mtudenik,生精上皮spermatogenic cell 生精細(xì)胞spermatogonium ,sp:mtuunim,精原細(xì)胞primar spermatocyte sp:mtusait, 初級(jí)精母細(xì)胞secondary spermatocyte 次級(jí)精母細(xì)胞spermatid sp:mtid精子細(xì)胞spermatozoon,sp:mtuzun精子sustentacular cell ,sstentkjul,支持細(xì)胞interstitial cell 間質(zhì)細(xì)胞androgen 雄激素Female Reprod

37、uctive System 女性生殖系統(tǒng)ovary uvri卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex k:teks 卵巢皮質(zhì)ovarian medulla medl 卵巢髓質(zhì)hilus cell hails 門細(xì)胞follicle flikl卵泡primordial follicle praim:djl 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初級(jí)卵母細(xì)胞oogonium ,uunim卵原細(xì)胞follicular cell flikjul 卵泡細(xì)胞primary follicle 初級(jí)卵泡zona pellucida 透明帶corona krunradiata reidi,eit