最終版初中英語(yǔ)句子成分和五大基本句型.ppt課件

1、初中英語(yǔ)句子成分句子成分和五大基本句型1.(Members of a Sentence)2.什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位句子的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě)，結(jié)尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !3.現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有八種：主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、表語(yǔ)（predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、定語(yǔ)（attribute）、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（co

2、mplement）、同位語(yǔ)。句子包括哪些成分？4.主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是在句子中說(shuō)明全句中心主題的部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.5.謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，以什么狀態(tài)或特征存在，由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.6.表語(yǔ)：表

3、語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)，或者從句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞后面I am a teacher.She feels happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.He went mad.Seeing is believing.7.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作，行為的對(duì)象，由名詞，代詞，短語(yǔ)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么，在謂語(yǔ)之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop

4、this afternoon.I think that he is good boy.8.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中，有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么，怎么樣的作用它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng) If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home.I heard my name called.9.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞

5、，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，也可由從句來(lái)充當(dāng)He did it carefully.He studied very hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.10.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，從句都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The black bike is mine. Whats your

6、 name? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy is sleeping. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack.11.三、同位語(yǔ)：同位語(yǔ) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語(yǔ)。We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批學(xué)生）Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today.(my brother是Li Lei的同位語(yǔ)） 12.一

7、) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.13.(二) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)- The old man was feeling very

8、tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.14.(三) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. A beautiful girl is running to us.5. T

9、he boy in the clssroom is crying.15.(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He asked her to study hard. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.16.(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English whe

10、n he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.17. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books.18.句子成份練習(xí)1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The su

11、n keeps us warm.6、I told him to open the window.7、We watched the train leaving the station.狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)間語(yǔ)+直賓賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)19.8. I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9. There seems little hopes of success.10、To our joy, they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team will win

12、the game.12. After graduation he will work where he came from. 賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)20.有哪幾種常見(jiàn)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)？21.按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：簡(jiǎn)單句、 并列句和復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They walked, talked and laughed.22.英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)

13、構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）23.種類(lèi)類(lèi)型主語(yǔ)S謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v表語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)p賓語(yǔ)0賓補(bǔ)oc第1種S+VWework第種He playsviolin.第種We arestudents第種S+v+IO+DOshegaveme a pen.第種S+V+O+OCHe mademelaugh24.基本句型一 +i（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、狀語(yǔ)從句等。25.i （不及物動(dòng)詞）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4

14、. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone26.基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類(lèi)：be, look, feel,smell,taste,soun

15、d等屬一類(lèi)，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn,go等屬另一類(lèi)，表示變化。be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。27.（是系動(dòng)詞）(表語(yǔ))1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(聞)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red

16、. 28.系動(dòng)詞詞義不完整，在句中不能單獨(dú)使用（除省略句外），后面必須接有表語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。 29.一、系動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)： 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞大致可分為三類(lèi)。 第一類(lèi)：表示特征或狀態(tài)的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（結(jié)果是、證明是）等。 You dont look very well. I feel rather cold. 30. He seems to be ill. The roses smell sweet. The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet

17、the music sounds! 31.第二類(lèi)：表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的變化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。 He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The food has turned bad. 32.第三類(lèi)：表示保持狀態(tài)的，有keep， remain， continue，stay等。 Keep quiet, children! It remains to be proved. 33. 基本句型

18、三 +t +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。34.（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）(賓語(yǔ)) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. Good morning.

19、35. 基本句型 四 +t +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。36.（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new

20、dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 37. 基本句型 五 +t + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。38.（及物）（賓語(yǔ)）（賓補(bǔ)）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found m

21、akes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 39. 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.40.典型例題分析（二）41.1.They work

22、hard. 主 + 謂2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 簡(jiǎn)賓5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 謂42.a， b， c， d， e， 1，Pleas tell us a story._2, She smiled._3. I have a lot work to do._4. His job

23、 is to train swimmers._5. He noticed a man enter the room._6. Please look at the picture._daebec43. 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.44.并列句 定 義 用 法 45.并列句是由and, but, or, for等并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義有關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡(jiǎn)單句

24、+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。并列句是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是中考的?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就讓我們一起聆聽(tīng)它的“四重奏”吧! 定義并列句是由and, but, or, for等并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義有關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。并列句是初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是中考的?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句,就讓我們一起聆聽(tīng)它的“四重奏”吧! 定義46.聯(lián)合并列句 并列連詞:and(和、并且), 其中and意為“和、又、而”，表示動(dòng)作先后等，not only.but also.(不但而且)等。 Jim finished his

25、homework and he went to bed.吉姆寫(xiě)完作業(yè),就上床睡覺(jué)了。Not only I come to school early, but also my teacher does. 不但我到校早,而且我的老師也是如此。 and在表示條件時(shí)，可與if引導(dǎo)的肯定條件句轉(zhuǎn)換 keep passing the ball to each other, and you”ll be Ok! If you keep passing the ball each other, you”ll be Ok! 47.轉(zhuǎn)折并列句并列連詞:but(但是),however(然而),yet(但是),whil

26、e(而,然而)等。其中but意為“但是、可是、然而、不過(guò)”，表意思轉(zhuǎn)折 。Shes good at English, but her Chinese isnt good. 她擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ),但語(yǔ)文不好。He worked hard, yet he failed.他努力地干,然而失敗了。Tom is tall while his brother is short. 湯姆個(gè)兒很高,而他的兄弟卻很矮。Id like to go with you, however my hands are full. 我想和你一塊兒去,可是我忙不過(guò)來(lái)。 48. 特別提醒: though, although(雖然，盡管)不能

27、 與 but(但是)連用。 雖然他很累,但是他沒(méi)有停止工作。誤:Although he is very tired, but he doesnt stop working. 正:Although he is very tired, he doesnt stop working.正:He is very tired, but he doesnt stop working. 49.選擇并列句并列連詞:or(或者;否則,要不然),either.or.(或者或者),neither. nor.(既不又不)等。 You must tell the truth, or you will be punishe

28、d. 你必須說(shuō)真話(huà),否則你將會(huì)受到懲罰。 Either you can do it by yourself, or you can ask someone else to do it. 你或者自己做,或者讓別人去做。 提醒:“祈使句+or/and+簡(jiǎn)單句”也是一個(gè)固定句型,此句型中的祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句 。 Work hard, and youll pass the exam. (=If you work hard, youll pass the exam.) 努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。 50.因果并列句并列連詞:for(因?yàn)?,表示因果關(guān)系，起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。so(

29、所以)等。其中so為“所以、結(jié)果”，表因果關(guān)系。 That was our first lesson, so she didnt know all our names. 那是我們第一堂課,因此她并不知道我們所有人的名字。She didnt come to school today, for she was ill. 今天她沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×恕?提醒: so與because不能連用。 因?yàn)槲矣绣X(qián),所以我能給自己買(mǎi)很多東西。誤:Because Im rich, so I can buy myself lots of things. 正:Because Im rich, I can buy myself lots of things. 正:Im rich, so I can buy myself l