航空基礎英語專題培訓課件

1、Module I Terminology Project I Aviation Terms Unit 1 Aircrafts Type Unit 2 Aircrafts Structure Unit 3 Aircrafts System 1. A vehicle which can fly is classified as follows:aircraft 飛行器lighter-than-air aircraft 輕于空氣的飛行器 balloon 氣球 airship 飛船(2) rotorcraft 旋翼式飛行器 helicopter 直升機 gyroplane 旋翼機(3) glider

2、滑翔機(4) airplane 飛機2. An airplane can be divided into the following groups according to the types of aircrafts engine.(1) propeller-driven aircraft 螺旋槳式飛機 piston propeller-driven aircraft 活塞螺旋槳式飛機 turboprop aircraft 渦輪螺旋槳式飛機(2) jet aircraft 噴氣式飛機 turbojet aircraft 渦輪噴氣式飛機 turbofan jet aircraft 渦輪風扇噴氣

3、式飛機3. An airplane can be divided into the following groups according to the aircrafts flight velocity.(1) supersonic aircraft 超音速飛機 Supersonic aircraft travels faster than the speed of sound.(2) hypersonic aircraft 高超音速飛機 Hypersonic aircraft travels much faster than the speed of sound.(3) transonic

4、aircraft 跨音速飛機 Transonic aircraft travels approximately equal to the speed of sound.(4) subsonic aircraft 亞音速飛機 Subsonic aircraft travels slower than the speed of sound but also very fast.4.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtotheaircraftsairrange.(1)short-rangeaircraft/short-haula

5、ircraft近程飛機Theairrangeisshorterthan2400kilometers.(2) medium-haul aircraft 中程飛機 The air range is longer than 2400 kilometers but shorter than 4800 kilometers.(3) long-range aircraft / long-haul aircraft 遠程飛機 The air range is longer than 4800 kilometers.5.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsa

6、ccordingtothetypesoflandinggears.(1)landplane陸上飛機Alandplaneisanairplanethatcantakeofffromorlandonland.(2)seaplane/hydroplane水上飛機Aseaplaneorhydroplaneisatypeofairplanethatcantakeofffromorlandonwater.(3)amphibianmfbn 水陸兩用飛機Anamphibianisanairplanewhichcanlandonbothlandandwater.6.Anairplanecanbedividedi

7、ntothefollowinggroupsaccordingtothenumberofwings.(1)monoplane單翼飛機Amonoplaneisanairplanewithasinglepairofwings.(2)biplane雙翼飛機 Abiplaneisan old-fashionedtypeofairplanewithtwopairsofwings,oneabovetheother.(3)multiplane多翼飛機Amultiplaneisanairplanewithmorethantwopairsofwings, say, threeorfourpairs.7.Anair

8、planecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtothepositionsofthewingrelativetothefuselage.(1)lowwingairplane下單翼飛機Alowwingairplaneisanairplanewhosewingisbelowthecabin.(2)midwingairplane中單翼飛機Amidwingairplaneisanairplanewhosewingisanywherebetweenthefuselage.(3) high wing airplane 上單翼飛機 A high wing a

9、irplane is an airplane whose wing is above the cabin.8.Anairplanecanbedividedintothefollowinggroupsaccordingtoitsmission.(1)militaryaircraft軍用飛機(2)civilaircraft民用機Module I Terminology Project I Aviation Terms Unit 1 Aircrafts Type Unit 2 Aircrafts Structure Unit 3 Aircrafts System1. Airframe(1) fuse

10、lage 機身The fuselage (or body) of the airplane holds all of the parts together and carries the passengers or cargo.(2) wing / airfoil 機翼The wings generate most of the lift necessary for flight. aileron 副翼Ailerons are parts of the wing which are used to roll the aircraft. At the trailing edge, its an

11、aileron. leading edge slat 前緣縫翼 trailing edge flap 后緣襟翼Flaps and slats are parts of the wing which are used during take off and landing to increase lift and drag. spoiler 擾流板Spoilers are parts of the wing which are used to roll the aircraft and to decrease lift and increase drag during landings. Bet

12、ween the leading and trailing edges, its a spoiler.(3) empennage / the tail assembly 尾翼 vertical stabilizer 垂直安定面、垂直尾翼 rudder 方向舵A rudder is a control surface connected to the vertical stabilizer and is used to yaw the aircraft. horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面、水平尾翼 elevator 升降舵Elevators are control surf

13、aces connected to the horizontal stabilizer and are used to pitch the aircraft. stabilator 全動式水平尾翼Stabilators are control surfaces which provide both horizontal stability and pitch control for the aircraft.(4) landing gear / undercarriage 起落架Airplanes require landing gear for taxiing, takeoff and la

14、nding.(5) powerplant 動力裝置Most modern aircraft are powered by gas turbine, or jet engines.2.Four Forces on the Aircraft(1) lift 升力，浮力Lift is a mechanical force generated by a solid object moving through a fluid.(2) gravity / weight 重力Weight is a force that is always directed toward the center of the

15、earth.(3) thrust 推力，拉力Thrust is a mechanical force generated by the engines to move the aircraft through the air.(4) drag 阻力Drag is a mechanical force generated by a solid object moving through a fluid.3. Fuselage Constructioncabin / passenger cabin 客艙cargo / cargo compartment 貨艙cockpit / flight com

16、partment 駕駛艙bulkhead 隔板former 隔框wing attachment points 機翼安裝處firewall 防火墻stringer 長桁stressed skin 耐壓蒙皮semi-monocoque 半硬殼式結構4.Wing Componentswing tip 翼梢rib 翼肋spar 翼梁fuel tank 油箱stringer 長桁skin 蒙皮aileron 副翼5.Empennage Componentsvertical stabilizer 垂直安定面rudder 方向舵horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面elevator 升降舵s

17、tabilator 全動式水平尾翼trim tab 配平調整片6.Landing Gear Componentsnose landing gear 前起落架main landing gear 主起落架wheel (起落架)輪conventional landing gear 傳統起落架tail wheel 機尾(起落架)輪tricycle landing gear 三輪式起落架nose wheel 機頭(起落架)輪7.PowerPlant Compartmentengine 發(fā)動機，引擎propeller 螺旋槳cowling kal引擎罩，整流罩firewall 防火墻8. Fastener

18、 緊固件structural joint 結構縫shank 軸cotter 開口銷washer 墊圈hinge 鉸鏈wrench 扳鉗bearing 軸承bolt 螺栓，螺釘rivet 鉚釘swage 接頭鎖緊螺母nut 螺母，螺帽pin 銷釘screw 螺絲9.Implement 工具milling machine 銑床boring machine 鏜床punching machine 沖床turning machine 車床sawing machine 鋸床routing machine 特形銑床Module I Terminology Project I Aviation Terms U

19、nit 1 Aircrafts Type Unit 2 Aircrafts Structure Unit 3 Aircrafts SystemAircrafts System1. Hydraulic System 液壓系統Among the units commonly operated by hydraulic systems are landing gear, wing flaps, speed and wheel brakes, fixed-wing and rotary-wing folding mechanisms and flight control surfaces.There

20、are three types of hydraulic fluids currently being used in civil aircraft： The phosphate ester base fluids are used in high performance piston engines and turboprop aircraft.reservoir 液壓油箱filter 過濾器accumulator 蓄壓器check valve 單向閥hand pump 手動泵power-driven pump 動力驅動泵pressure regulator 壓力調節(jié)器pressure ga

21、ge 壓力表relief valve 減壓閥，安全閥actuating unit 動力傳動裝置piston 活塞cylinder 汽缸actuating cylinder 作動筒A basic hydraulic system includes:1. reservoir2. power-driven pump3. filter4. pressure regulator5. accumulator6. check valve7. hand pump8. pressure gage9. relief valve10. actuating unit11. cylinder2. Fuel System

22、 燃油系統The aircraft fuel system stores fuel and delivers the proper amount of clean fuel at the right pressure to meet the demands of the engine. A well designed fuel system ensures positive and reliable fuel flow throughout all phases of flight, which include changes in attitude, violent maneuvers an

23、d sudden acceleration and deceleration. The indicators such as fuel pressure gages, warning signals and tank quantity gages are provided to give continuous indications of how the system is functioning. Gasoline（汽油） and kerosene（煤油） are the two most widely used aviation fuels（航空燃料）.Two types of jet t

24、urbine engine（渦輪噴氣發(fā)動機） fuel in common use today are: kerosene grade turbine fuel 煤油渦輪燃料 a blend of gasoline and kerosene fractions 汽煤混合餾分燃料 The integral fuel tank（整體油箱） in a jet airliner has： fuel tank 油箱 main tank 主油箱 reserve tank / auxiliary tank 儲備油箱 center tank 中央油箱 trim tank 重心調整油箱 vent surge t

25、ank 通風(防震動)油箱 horizontal stabilizer tank (on some aircraft)Two types of fuel feed system are used to supply the fuel to the engines. They are: gravity feed system 重力式供給系統 pressure feed system 壓力式供給系統The gravity feed system is the simplest type which is still in use on many low-powered airplane, whil

26、e the pressure feed system is much complex in construction and operation.manifold cross-feed system 總管交輸系統firewall shut-off valve 防火墻關斷活門tank 油箱filter 過濾器manifold valve 總管閥auxiliary tank 儲備油箱fuel manifold 燃油總管refueling receptacle 燃油加注接頭booster / boost pump 增壓泵tank shut-off valve 油箱關斷活門engine-driven

27、fuel pump 發(fā)動機驅動燃油泵3. Flight Control System 飛行操縱系統 Flight control is the action taken to make the aircraft follow any desired flight path. When an aircraft is said to be controllable, it means that the aircraft responds easily and promptly to the movement of the controls. Moving the control surfaces

28、on an aircraft changes the airflow over the aircrafts surface.The flight control surfaces are hinged or movable airfoils designed to change the attitude of the aircraft during flight. These surfaces may be divided into three groups, usually referred to as the primary group and auxiliary group.The pr

29、imary group includes the ailerons, elevators and rudder. They are used for moving the aircraft about its three axes. The ailerons and elevators are generally operated from the cockpit by a control stick on single-engine aircraft and by a wheel and yoke assembly on multi-engine aircraft. The rudder i

30、s operated by foot pedals on all types of aircraft.The auxiliary group includes spoilers, speed brakes, slats and flaps. The auxiliary group may be divided into two sub-groups: the lift augmenting devices and the lift decreasing devices. The lift augmenting devices are trailing edge flaps and leadin

31、g edge slats. The lift decreasing devices are speed brakes and spoilers.The flight control systems may be divided into two major parts: the primary control systems and the auxiliary control systems. The primary control systems are used to control the primary group of control surfaces, while the auxi

32、liary control systems are used to control the auxiliary groups of control surfaces.(1) control surface 操縱面 primary control surface 主操縱面 aileron 副翼 rudder 方向舵 elevator 升降舵 auxiliary control surface 輔助操縱面 trim 調整片 flap 襟翼 speed brake 減速板 horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面(2) primary control system 主操縱系統(3) a

33、uxiliary control system 輔助操縱系統(4) control stick 操縱桿(5) foot pedal 腳蹬(6) control column 駕駛桿(7) control wheel 駕駛盤(8) push-pull rod 推拉桿Different control surfaces are used to control the aircraft about each of the three axes.(1) vertical axis / yaw axis 垂直軸 yaw 偏航 The nose of the aircraft swings from si

34、de to side.(2) lateral axis / pitch axis 橫軸 pitch 俯仰 The nose of the aircraft moves up and down.(3) longitudinal axis / roll axis 縱軸 roll 滾轉 The wings of the aircraft move up and down.4. Landing Gear System 起落架系統The landing gear of a fixed-wing aircraft consists of main and auxiliary units, either o

35、f which may or may not be retractable. The auxiliary landing gear consists of tail or nose wheel installations, outboard pontoons（浮筒）, skids（剎車）, etc., with necessary cowling and reinforcement.The main landing gear forms the principle support of the aircraft on land or water and may include any comb

36、ination of wheels, floats, skids, shock-absorbing equipment, brakes, retracting mechanism with controls and warning devices, cowling, fairing（整流罩） and structural members necessary to attach any of the foregoing to the primary structure. inboard retracting main gear 向內收起式主起落架 forward retracting nose gear 向前收起式前起落架 tail wheel gear 后三點式起落架 tricycle gear 前三點式起落架 landing gear bay 起落架艙 landing strut 起