四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作答疑

1、四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作答疑Bobby1評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)整體評(píng)分法5分：基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。8分：基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫;語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11分：切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。14分：切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。字?jǐn)?shù)不足應(yīng)酌情扣分。 2. 閱卷老師的評(píng)分考慮23應(yīng)對(duì)的原則努力做到少出錯(cuò)四、六級(jí)考生的最大問(wèn)題不是寫(xiě)得太簡(jiǎn)單，基礎(chǔ)一般的同學(xué)即使使用中小學(xué)掌握的詞匯和句型，只要使用得基本正確，也可以得到及格分?jǐn)?shù)。應(yīng)避免嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤:最常犯的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤包括：語(yǔ)法、拼寫(xiě)、不成句子。最常犯的

2、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤包括：，時(shí)態(tài)、冠詞、主謂一致、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等 4應(yīng)對(duì)的原則2. 努力做到多出彩詞匯-豐富多變最常用的詞要規(guī)避重復(fù)，使用頻率高的詞要注意升級(jí)-同、近義詞的替換5句型-豐富多變句子長(zhǎng)短有變-大珠小珠落玉盤(pán)短句是指10個(gè)詞左右的句子，不能全篇都是5、6個(gè)詞的短句。長(zhǎng)句一般有1520詞即可，太長(zhǎng)則易冗贅。全文應(yīng)有一定數(shù)量的長(zhǎng)句。6-精煉的短句可以放在段首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句可以進(jìn)行具體的論證、舉例或描述。-盡量加大并列句和復(fù)合句的比例，而減少簡(jiǎn)單句的比例7句子寫(xiě)好寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)大學(xué)生剛剛畢業(yè)就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的 It is impossible for sb. to do sth. 填詞：在s

3、b. 的位置填上“剛剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生”，在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”，如下所示：It is impossible for 剛剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生to找到高薪的工作。8形容詞 “剛剛畢業(yè)的” -你會(huì)嗎？定語(yǔ)從句：college students who have just graduated形容詞 “高薪的” -想得起來(lái)嗎？變招定語(yǔ)從句：to find jobs which can give them a lot of money 整個(gè)句子寫(xiě)成：It is impossible for college students who have just graduated to find jobs w

4、hich can give them a lot of money. （真的贊賞這樣的句子嗎？）9換種思路，再簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)大學(xué)生剛剛畢業(yè)就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。 拆分成為四句：每年，都有很多大學(xué)生畢業(yè)。他們都想找到工作。這些工作可以給他們很多錢(qián)。這是不可能的。10拆解翻譯容易啊Every year, many college students graduate。They all want to find jobs。These jobs can give them a lot of money。This is impossible。11潤(rùn)色一下：Every year, many colleg

5、e students graduate。換詞： many=？擴(kuò)充：graduate from.(可以填什么呢？）最后變成：Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes.(成氣候了）12They all want to find jobs。These jobs can give them a lot of money。怎么處理好呢？ =They all want to find jobs，which can give them a lot of money. 潤(rùn)色

6、1）換詞 give=？a lot of money =?give=offer a lot of money =handsome salaries2) 變身為： They all want to find jobs，which can offer them handsome salaries.3) 還能變嗎？再?gòu)?fù)雜點(diǎn)They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries。13They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handso

7、me salaries.This is impossible。這句怎么辦？這次不采用復(fù)合句，而采用并列句,與上句是什么邏輯關(guān)系？轉(zhuǎn)折-but 潤(rùn)色： impossible太簡(jiǎn)單了，也太絕對(duì)了改為：hardly possible 14Every year, many college students graduate。They all want to find jobs。These jobs can give them a lot of money。This is impossible。對(duì)比一下1）Every year, heaps and heaps of college students g

8、raduate from universities and institutes. They all want to find jobs，which they hope can offer them handsome salaries，but this is hardly possible。再對(duì)比2）It is hardly possible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs 你喜歡那個(gè)句子？但那個(gè)更適合你呢？15應(yīng)對(duì)的原則結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，層次分明-各類(lèi)指路詞,連接詞的運(yùn)用16應(yīng)對(duì)的原則語(yǔ)言比內(nèi)容更重要 17應(yīng)對(duì)的步驟18審題

9、-“明目”細(xì)讀題目以及所列提綱中的內(nèi)容劃出考題關(guān)鍵詞是我們解決內(nèi)容的第一步，確?！皩?xiě)的對(duì)” 依據(jù)審題的過(guò)程中劃出的關(guān)鍵詞，打開(kāi)思路，構(gòu)思內(nèi)容，保證 “寫(xiě)的多” 篩選出最佳的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容和思路從而達(dá)到 “寫(xiě)得好”19常見(jiàn)話題大學(xué)生的視角/公民的視角06年上半年考察大學(xué)生自主選擇任課教師06年底考察對(duì)除夕春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)的看法20常見(jiàn)話題大學(xué)生的視角/公民的視角07年考應(yīng)用文：An announcement to welcome students to join to a club07年底考察對(duì)選修課的看法和具體選擇的原因。21常見(jiàn)話題大學(xué)生的視角/公民的視角08年上半年考察娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，要求大學(xué)生站在自己的

10、立場(chǎng)發(fā)表看法覺(jué)得娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)是使人受益還是對(duì)人有負(fù)面影響08年底考察對(duì)限塑令的個(gè)人看法和其意義所在。22常見(jiàn)話題大學(xué)生的視角/公民的視角09年考察博物館是否應(yīng)該對(duì)公眾免費(fèi)開(kāi)放，并要求考生站在一個(gè)普通市民的角度提出看法，判斷博物館是否應(yīng)該免費(fèi)開(kāi)放09年12月考察的就直接是校園綠化的話題，要學(xué)生提出搞好校園綠化的建議措施。232010年6月四級(jí)考題Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling1. 如今不少學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫(xiě)，2. 出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是3. 為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為.24想得到才能寫(xiě)得出-“醒腦”問(wèn)題一：不知寫(xiě)什么方法一：頭腦風(fēng)暴：25方法二

11、：逐層遞進(jìn)法：個(gè)人-家庭-社區(qū)-國(guó)家-世界262. TMM STREEC 法（他媽媽上街法）streec =street27Technology & Efficiency (效率)Mind & Soul (精神)Money & FunSociety & CrimeTime & SpaceRights & ResponsibilitiesEnvironment & HealthEmployment (就業(yè)) & Competition (競(jìng)爭(zhēng))Culture & Population28Tech & EfMind & SoulMon & FunSoci & CrimTime & SpaRi &

12、RespEnvi & HealEmpl & compCul & Pop29科技(提高)效率頭腦(對(duì)應(yīng))精神金錢(qián)(買(mǎi)到)樂(lè)趣社會(huì)(常有)犯罪時(shí)間(對(duì)應(yīng))空間權(quán)利(對(duì)應(yīng))義務(wù)環(huán)境(影響)健康就業(yè)(帶來(lái))競(jìng)爭(zhēng)文化(繁榮)人口30例子What electives to choose就業(yè)（employment)In order to obtain an extra certificate for their job hunting after graduation 頭腦 （mind)Because they think more knowledge can ensure more chances of

13、getting a good job.樂(lè)趣 （fun)Others may have their choices made just for fun. They tend to hold the idea that college life could be more colorful if .31段落的組織-“強(qiáng)骨”三段式（內(nèi)容依提綱所提示）段落內(nèi)部的三類(lèi)句子：主題句+支持局+擴(kuò)展句32如何布局三類(lèi)句子：主題句+支持局+擴(kuò)展句33一個(gè)主題句+三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)（三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)各帶有自己的支持句）34Example 1 Para.1Nowadays, students attach less import

14、ance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students writing and brings on worries among teachers.35Para.2There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to sp

15、elling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they dont emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.36Since spelling is one of the most important aspects in English study, due attention should be given

16、 to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselves,

17、they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.37一個(gè)主題句+兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)（兩個(gè)個(gè)分論點(diǎn)各帶有自己的支持句）38Example 2 Para.1Correct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay mu

18、ch attention to it.basic: fundermentalhowever: nevertheless, nonethelesspay attention to: attach importance to39Para.2They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be v

19、ery strict in students spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling.There are various reasons accounting for this40Para.3To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and the students should work together. On one hand, the teachers shoul

20、d give more attention to students spelling, asking the students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.41To sum up, corr

21、ect spelling is so important that both students and the teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling.42通脈三類(lèi)句子的竄連明確的指路詞first、second和thirdon the one hand、on the other hand 或for one thing、for anotherto begin with，moreover，whats the most important in the first place，in the second place，l

22、ast but not least43通脈-還要給力用好連接詞-“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”44“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”關(guān)聯(lián)詞（一） 有關(guān)“啟”的常用詞語(yǔ)用于引導(dǎo)主題句，或用于主題句的后面，引導(dǎo)第一擴(kuò)展句。first(ly) 第一 at first 最初 first of all 首先，第一in the beginning 起初 in the first place 首先，第一 to begin with 首先，第一 to start with 首先，第一for one thing首先(常與 for another 連用)lately 最近 currently 目前 recently in general 一

23、般來(lái)說(shuō) generally speaking 一般地說(shuō)45有關(guān)“承”的常用詞語(yǔ)用于承接主題句或第一個(gè)（或前一個(gè)）擴(kuò)展句。second(ly) 第二，第二點(diǎn) in other words 換句話說(shuō)third(ly) 第三，第三點(diǎn) in particular 特別，尤其also/too 并且，又，也 in the same way 同樣地besided(this) 此外 moreover /in addition 46furthermore 而且，此外 what is more 而且，此外 for another 其次 similarly 同樣地for example 例如 for instanc

24、e 例如equally important 同樣重要地 meanwhile 與此同時(shí)as an example 例如 as another example 再如 namely 即，就是 consequently 結(jié)果for this purpose 為此47（三） 有關(guān)“轉(zhuǎn)”的常用詞語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示不同或相反的情況。after all 畢竟 on the contrary 相反地but 但是 in contrat 相比之下yet 仍，然而 unlike 與不同however 然而 whereas 然而nevertheless 盡管如此 on the other hand 另一方面conversely

25、 雖然 unfortunately 不幸地though 盡管 still 仍然although 盡管 in fact 事實(shí)上in spite of sth 盡管 as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上48（四） 有關(guān)“合”的常用詞語(yǔ)用于小結(jié)段落中上文的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)最后一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句或引導(dǎo)結(jié)尾句表示段落結(jié)束。finally 最后 as has been noted 如前所述hence 因此 as I have said 如我所述in brief 簡(jiǎn)言之 at last 終于，最后in conclusion 總之 at length 最后，終于in short 簡(jiǎn)言之 by and large

26、一般來(lái)說(shuō)in sumary 摘要地說(shuō) consequently 因此therefore 因此 eventually 最終thus 因此 accordingly 于是to sum up 總而言之 indeed 的確to conclude 總而言之 surely 無(wú)疑to summarize 總而言之 no doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)briefly 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō) undoubtedly 無(wú)疑above all 最重要的是 truly 的確49語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的避免-“排毒”名詞：可數(shù)名詞一定不能光頭光腳。注意單復(fù)數(shù)等基本問(wèn)題謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：時(shí)刻注意“與時(shí)俱進(jìn)”，任何時(shí)候用動(dòng)詞都要想清楚時(shí)態(tài)的使用，分詞（現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去分詞）虛

27、擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞使用也要格外注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面：一定要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整性，一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞注意關(guān)系代詞和副詞的正確使用：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)注意主被動(dòng)關(guān)系修飾關(guān)系：動(dòng)詞和形容詞一定要用副詞修飾50不一致（disagreements）：不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致,時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等例：When one have money, he can do what he want to 詞性誤用(misuse of parts of speech)常表現(xiàn)為：形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)名詞用等 514種高分句型-養(yǎng)顏第一種句式：狀語(yǔ)提前-把一個(gè)由副詞、介詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式形成的

28、小短語(yǔ)放在句首。In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children can not be denied. Not surprisingly, students who are under great stress in their studies may suffer from mental problems or even commit crimes. 52Most importantly, the government should make sure that citizens can

29、improve their lives. To solve the problem of traffic jams, the government should encourage people to take the subway. 53第二種句式：倒裝句 Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved. On no account / by no means / under no circustances can we lose sight of the significance of education.54第三種句式：強(qiáng)調(diào)句1

30、. It is the traditions in China that attract many foreign tourists. 2. It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage55第四種句式：虛擬語(yǔ)氣It is high time we take initiative to .56詞匯的升級(jí)很多年輕人認(rèn)為提高英語(yǔ)水平是重要的。many:young men:think:important: 57模板-補(bǔ)氣1. 什么人需要模版2. 使寫(xiě)作確實(shí)是走了捷徑3. 模板協(xié)助理清思路的走向，邏輯的發(fā)

31、展，起到聚精凝神的作用4. 局限：反過(guò)來(lái)就像一條繩索勒著，束縛了自由58范文-補(bǔ)氣好的范文就是個(gè)好的老師59修改-補(bǔ)氣1是否使用了正確的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，比方說(shuō)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致、主謂一致、用詞準(zhǔn)確、詞性（尤其是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞）、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞錯(cuò)誤和介詞錯(cuò)誤等2. 句式是否有變化 （如各種從句的使用、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)等 ）3使用了一定的詞匯量 （ 如用同義詞或詞組來(lái)避免過(guò)多的重復(fù)）4單詞拼寫(xiě)沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。605. 每一段話都緊扣文章的主題。6每段的主題句中都表明了這個(gè)段落的中心思想，所有擴(kuò)展句都緊扣主題7每一分論點(diǎn)都得到充分的支持和展開(kāi)。8使用了過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)，因而句子之間和段落之間都有邏輯性和條理性。9. 提供了

32、足夠的細(xì)節(jié)、例子或論據(jù)61背誦-補(bǔ)氣可分為以下5個(gè)層次：（1）精彩詞匯，（2）精彩句型，（3）精彩句子，（4）萬(wàn)能框架，（5）經(jīng)典范文。背誦前，確保自己已充分理解所有內(nèi)容 62寫(xiě)作背誦5篇佳作每周寫(xiě)2篇練筆背誦經(jīng)典句型掌握升級(jí)詞匯63佳句推薦-再給力一句否定句There is no denying（no doubt） that + S + V .（不可否認(rèn)的.） 例句：There is no denying that the practicality of our higher education has gone from bad to worse. 不可否認(rèn)的，我們高等教育的實(shí)用性已經(jīng)每況

33、愈下 64一句眾所周知It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that it is the doctors duty and obligation to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.全世界都知道救死扶傷是醫(yī)生的天職 65一句優(yōu)點(diǎn)是An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是.） 例句：An advantage of childrens participating in some paid wo

34、rk is that this practice can cultivate their independence, self-determination and sense of responsibility. 孩子參加有償勞動(dòng)的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是這種實(shí)踐可以培養(yǎng)小孩的獨(dú)立性、自主性和責(zé)任感 66一句原因是The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why a large number of customs have altered a great deal is that most of them are connected wi

35、th some superstitious beliefs, and they cannot fit in this world with highly-developed technology.多數(shù)舊風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣都產(chǎn)生了巨大的改變的原因是它們大多與封建迷信有關(guān)，與現(xiàn)代社會(huì)格格不入 67一句通過(guò)方法（憑借手段）by means of +Ving, can （借著.，.能夠.） 例句：By means of putting the responsibility into the governments hand, citizens can enjoy a higher level of assura

36、nce in quality. 借著將這種職責(zé)放在政府手中，市民在質(zhì)量上能夠享有更高程度的保障68一句是時(shí)候干什么It is time + S + 過(guò)去式 （該是.的時(shí)候了）例句：It is time we evaluated the roles that modern technology plays in our life from more balanced and objective perspectives.該是我們從更加公正和客觀的角度來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)現(xiàn)代科技在我們的生活中所發(fā)揮的作用的時(shí)候了 69一句絕對(duì)不能On no account can we + V （我們絕對(duì)不能.） 例句：On

37、no account can we ignore the significance of education. 我們絕對(duì)不能忽略教育的重要性。 by no means =by no means = in no way = on no account 一點(diǎn)也不 70一句明顯的It is apparent that + 句子 （顯然的）It is now manifest that + 句子 例句：It is apparent that with the rapid development in society and economy, competition is becoming increa

38、singly fierce and acute 71一句值得的It pays to do （.是值得的。）或It is worthwhile to do sht例句：It pays to create a fair atmosphere in which both males and females cooperate and compete on an equal footing. 創(chuàng)造一個(gè)讓男女平等合作競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的良好環(huán)境是值得的 72一句與息息相關(guān)there is a clear link betweenandbe closely related to （與.息息相關(guān)）例句：Expanding

39、 population and influx of migrant workers are closely related to the problem.人口激增與外來(lái)民工大量涌入與交通問(wèn)題息息相關(guān) 73一句多虧有了什么Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, （因?yàn)?）例句： Thanks to coeducation system, benign competition and cooperation between male and female students are rightly encouraged.由于男女共校的教育體制，異性同學(xué)間的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和友

40、好合作精神得到了發(fā)揚(yáng)74一句對(duì)。產(chǎn)生重大影響have (exert, impose) a great influence on （對(duì).有很大的影響）例句：Quality of citizens has a great influence on a nations prosperity.國(guó)民的素質(zhì)對(duì)于國(guó)家的繁榮有重大的影響 75一句對(duì)。構(gòu)成重大威脅pose a great threat to 例句：abortion poses a great threat to both womens physical and mental health76一句對(duì)有益（有害）do good to （對(duì).有益），

41、do harm to （對(duì).有害） be beneficial to，is detrimental to 例句：Reading does good to our minds.讀書(shū)對(duì)心靈有益。Overwork is detrimental to health.工作過(guò)度對(duì)健康有害。77一句產(chǎn)生積極或負(fù)面影響句exert positive (grave side) effects on 一句發(fā)揮重要作用句play a vital role in一句就什么而言句when it comes to/in terms of 一句為了什么目的句for the sake of 78一句應(yīng)該怎么句be suppo

42、sed to/be well-advised to 一句重要的是句It is crucial that we take vigorous measures to tackle these problems 79一句什么是錯(cuò)的句It would be erroneous if we fail to acknowledge that。一句做什么是困難的句It would be hard-pressed to imagine how much pleasure and excitement tourism can afford us一句常識(shí)告訴我們句Common sense and our experience inform us that80一句什么是可能的句It is highly probable that 一句值得注意的是It is worth noting that一句好處超過(guò)壞處句Advantages created by far outweigh the disadvantages一句我堅(jiān)信句I am convinced that81一句我支持什么觀點(diǎn)句I strongly commit to the idea that 一句我的結(jié)論是句If we take a careful c