全國職稱英語等級考試綜合類(A級)試題

1、2016年度全國職稱英語等級考試綜合類(A級)試題第1部分：詞匯選項(第l15題，每題l分，共l5分) 下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請為每處畫線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. A. honestB.qualified C. enabledD.clever 2. The latest car model embodies the new research development. A. lists B. includes C. borrowsD.broadens 3. The coastal

2、area has very mildwinter, but the central plains remain extreme A. severeB.hard C.warmD. dry 4. Sheis an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time. A. gradeB.attract C. bearD. suffer 5. Hewore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill. A.old B.big C. newD.smal

3、l 6. The weather was so gorgeous thatmany people went outing. A. uncontrollableB. pleasant C. cloudy D. unbearable 7. Competitors must abide by thejudges decision A. keep B. read C. understandD. obey 8. The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket. A. seriouslyB. cleverly C. atten

4、tivelyD. carefully 9. Some newspapers in the west are notablybiased. A.especially B.wholly C. totallyD. fairly 10. His answers were obscure and confusing. A.unclearB.obvious C. clearD. direct 11. The way she looked after her youngsister was really touching A. disturbing B. connecting C.movingD.wavin

5、g 12. We are worried about this fluid situationfull with uncertainty. A. stableB. suitable C.changeableD.adaptable 13. They have built canals to irrigatethe desert. A. decorateB.change C. visit D.water 14. The details of the costume were totallyauthentic. A. outstanding B. real C. creative D. false

6、15. The new garment fits herperfectly. A.clothesB.haircutC. purse D.necklace第2部分：閱讀判斷(第l622題，每題l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Income tax For many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out of the dorm room a

7、nd beginning to register ones annual earnings with the US government. That last item is the law, though sometimes its a hassle(難事)to obey. Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system amazingly complicated. But he adds that very little of the complicated tax law applies to youn

8、g people who are just beginning their careers. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the systems complications. Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to

9、 do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilberts. According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents lead when filling their income forms. Young people who grow up in wealthy househol

10、ds typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so, said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State. On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor. I

11、n fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxes and are entitled to the difference. Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student, expects he will get

12、 a refund of about 100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills. Thalman called the whole process a hassle, but added that he didnt wat to test the law by not filling his income tax papers. Im worried about what would happen if I failed to

13、 file, he said. I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and hes now in federal prison. I certainly dont want that. 16. A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】C 17. The US income tax sys

14、tem does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】A 18. Its pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】B 19. When young people file their income tax form, they will o

15、ften follow in their parents footsteps. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】A 20. Young people from poorer families neednt file their income tax forms. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】B 21. If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in pri

16、son. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】A 22. The US income tax system will be simplified in the next few years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【答案】C第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第2330題，每題l分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個選項中為第l4段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。Tunguska Event1 A hundred ye

17、ars ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across

18、an area of 2,000 square kilometers. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, afte

19、r traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists.“Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(塊) of land . and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,” the British

20、science journal Nature commented recently.4 But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuse

21、ppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect (使偏轉(zhuǎn)) it or blow it up in space.5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germanys Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by

22、 a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earths crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.23. Paragraph 2C24. Paragraph 3F25. Paragraph 4E26. Paragraph 5A A. Competing ExplanationsB. Unknown

23、 AttacksC. Mysterious ExplosionD. Star WarE. Importance of Finding EvidenceF. Explanation that Worries Scientists27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years agoA28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling lightD29.The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with

24、the EarthB30. Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theoryC A. has remained a puzzleB. lacks sufficient evidenceC. is a university professorD. was generated by the explosionE. will kill many animalsF. are attacked by aliens第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

25、第一篇 Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about t

26、he giant center is his celebrity (名氣). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as th

27、e No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (選拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he isa handful (難對付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluab

28、le to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder

29、 (震動) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success,and though the estimated four-month recovery perio

30、d will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China,where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally ske

31、ptical of TCMs benefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I d

32、ont think that its short on science.”31.The word towering in Paragraph 1 meansA.Iarge.B.fat.C.tall.D. great.32.Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of hisA.mobility.B.assaultC.defense.D.celebrity.33.Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments becauseA.his right foot ha

33、d been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.34.Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international

34、figure.35.In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM isA.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.第二篇 Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-Destruct Scientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close

35、. The black holes gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigg

36、er a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life, as it veered towards a super massive black hole.

37、When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested tha

38、t the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.

39、There will be an explosion of the star it will be completely destroyed, Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach,

40、 he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-ra

41、ys. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US.It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough, h

42、e says. Brassart agrees. Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied, he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate,

43、 and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their Case that they explode in the process. 36. Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole.Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. The black hole could tear apart

44、the star. B. The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star. C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably. D. The black hole could devour the star. 37. According to the third paragraph,researchers differed from each other in the problem of A.whether nuclear reaction would occur

45、. B. whether the stars would increase its density and temperature. C. whether shock waves would occur. D. whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars. 38. According to the fourth paragraph,which of the following is NOT true? A. No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star. B. The st

46、ar would be destroyed completely. C. Much of the stars matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black holes reach. D.The black hole would completely devour the star. 39. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star? A. The stars matter will move further away from by the

47、black hole. B. The black holes matter will heat up. C.The torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole. D. The black holes matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays. 40. According to the context,the word “disruption”in Paragraph 6 means A. “Confusion.” B. “Tearing apart.” C. “Interruption

48、.” D. “Flattening.”第三篇Dont Count on Dung Conservationists(自然保護主義者) maybe miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(糞) the creatures le

49、ave behind. The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions,according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. “We really n

50、eed to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,” says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants. Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given are

51、a. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays: Because its extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from

52、region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(離開正道), says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more sl

53、owly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around. This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates

54、calculated locally, says Plumptre. “However accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result.” Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring

55、only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says ”If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷

56、獵) outside.” Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞). 41. The word threatened in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by A.endangered. B. frightened. C. killed. D.

57、angered. 42. Piles of dung cant be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because A. they are different in size. B. they scatter all over the region. C.they are different in decay rate. D. they are different in quality. 43. Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by

58、 counting dung piles? A. Because elephants are difficult to catch. B.Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane. C. Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants. D. Because elephants are shy animals. 44. According to Plumptre, the region over which a dung-pile census is carr

59、ied out should be A. small enough. B. well protected. C. carefully monitored. D.large enough. 45. The first word He in paragraph 6 refers to A.Andrew Plumptre. B. Katy Payne. C. Anthony Chifu Nchanji. D. the writer of the article.第5部分：補全短文(第4650題，每題2分，共I0分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原

60、有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Sauna Ceremonial(儀式性的)bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath._C_(46)Dry heat and st