C程序設(shè)計教學(xué)課件：CHAPTER 1 Object-Oriented Programming

1、C+ Programming CHAPTER 1 Object-Oriented Programming 11.1 Introduction1.2 Object-Oriented and Procedural Programming 1.3 Classes and Abstract Data Types1.4 The Client/Server Model and Message Passing1.5 Inheritance and Polymorphism1.6 Interfaces and Components21.1 IntroductionProgramming LanguagesTh

2、e genesis of the computer revolution was in a machine. The genesis of our programming languages thus tends to look like that machine. 31.1 Introduction1 Machine Language: Binary instruction, which is also called an instruction system, is the only one used directly by computers.Example：Addition 10010

3、1 Subtraction 01001141.1 Introduction2 Assembly Language: The assembler language is a kind of symbolic language. It adopted some mnemonic symbols which can show the instructional functions to present the content of the program. Example：Addition add Subtraction sub51.1 Introduction3 High-level langua

4、ge: It is a programming language based on English. Its operators and expressions are similar to ordinary mathematical formulas.Example： int a,b,c,d; a=10; b=5; c=8; d = a + b c; FORTRAN，BASIC，PASCAL，C61.1 Introduction4 Object-oriented programming languages: They have three characteristics in common:

5、 encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance.Example: Smalltalk，LISP，C+，Java，C#；71.1 IntroductionAlgorithmsAlgorithms are methods for solving problems which are suited for computer implementation.81.1 IntroductionData StructureData structure is the type and organization of data in a program.91.2 Obj

6、ect-Oriented and Procedural Programming Procedural ProgrammingProcedural programming is associated with a design technique known as top-down design. In top-down design, a problem is associated with a procedure. Example: C, Pascal.101.2 Object-Oriented and Procedural Programming Object-Oriented Progr

7、ammingObject-oriented programming is an alternative to procedural programming. The design technique associated with object-oriented programming is object-oriented design. In an object-oriented program, the modules are classes rather than procedures.111.2 Object-Oriented and Procedural Programming Ar

8、istotle was probably the first to begin a careful study of the concept of type; he spoke of “the class of fishes and the class of birds.”In object-oriented design, a class is a collection of objects.121.2 Object-Oriented and Procedural Programming Objects in a class share properties, features, or at

9、tributes. For example, if Human is a user-defined data type in C+, we can define a variable such as maryLeakey to represent the object who belongs to the class of human beings. Just like:Human maryLeakey; 131.2 Object-Oriented and Procedural Programming In C+, the member variables or fields are call

10、ed data members. The functions that belong to a class are called function members. In object-oriented languages generally, such functions are called methods.141.3 Classes and Abstract Data TypesInformation HidingIn an object-oriented language, a class is a module that supports information hiding. In

11、 a C+ class, we can use keywords such as public and private to control access to the classs properties and operations. 151.3 Classes and Abstract Data TypesEncapsulationIn procedural programming, data are manipulated by procedures with passing arguments to and returning a value from a function. 161.

12、3 Classes and Abstract Data TypesIn object-oriented programming, data and the procedures to manipulate the data can be encapsulated or contained within a class. 171.3 Classes and Abstract Data TypesAbstract Data TypeA data type is abstract if it exposes in its public interface only high-level operat

13、ions and hides all low-level implementation details. For example, the classes in C+, which provide information hiding, are abstract data types.181.4 The Client/Server Model and Message PassingClient/Server ModelObject-oriented programming is based on client/server model of computing. This model expl

14、ains the emphasis placed on information hiding in object-oriented programming. 191.4 The Client/Server Model and Message PassingExample:#include using namespace std;int main()string s1=”Hello World!”; int n=s1.length(); return 0;The C+ program that uses the string class is a client. A client request

15、s services from a string object by invoking one of its methods, which is characterized as sending a message to the object.201.4 The Client/Server Model and Message PassingMessage Passing #include using namespace std;int main()string s1=”Hello World!”; int n=s1.length(); return 0;211.4 The Client/Ser

16、ver Model and Message PassingData membersFuction membersFuction membersobjectData membersFuction membersFuction membersobjectData membersFuction membersFuction membersobjectmessagemessagemessage221.5 Inheritance and PolymorphismClasses can be stand-alone or they can occur in inheritance hierarchies,

17、 which consist of parent/child relationships among classes.parrentchild 231.5 Inheritance and PolymorphismInheritanceOne of the most compelling features about C+ is code reuse. Inheritance supports a form of code reuse.241.5 Inheritance and PolymorphismPolymorphismThe term polymorphism means having

18、many forms. Polymorphism allows improved code organization and readability as well as the creation of extensible programs that can be “grown” not only during the original creation of the project, but also when new features are desired.251.6 Interfaces and ComponentsInterfacesInterfaces, if well built and shared among classes, are a convenience to programmers. Learning a shared inter