Module 3 Foreign Food Grammar 課件 高中英語外研版選修八（2022年）

1、Module 3 Foreign FoodTo review attributes and attributive clauses1. I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served.2. Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down.3. The first time I saw a three-year-old kid cheerfully chewing a chicke

2、ns head I had bad dreams for weeks. 4. At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes.Work in pairs. Look at the sentences and answer the questions about the underlined words or phrases.5. I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.6. The things inside sand

3、wiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed food.(a) Can you find examples of these parts of speech: 1 adjectives 2 numbers 3 pronouns 4 infinitive verbs 5 nouns(b) Which words and phrases come before the noun they describe and which come after it?colourful/ big/ three-year-old/ bad/

4、baked/ various/ mashed/ vast/ totaltuna/ cheese/ a chickenseach/ theirto be servedeight or nineAdjectives, numbers, pronouns and nouns come before the noun they describe, while the infinitives come after the noun.定語是用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“的”表示。充當定語的有: 形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語、動

5、詞不定式、動詞-ing形式、動詞-ed形式、介詞短語和從句。定語定語的位置有兩種：一種是前置定語，位于中心詞之前，此時定語多為單個的詞或復合詞；另一種是后置定語，位于中心詞之后，此時定語多為詞組或從句。英語中兩個或兩個以上的單詞作定語放在中心詞前共同修飾一個名詞，其基本次序是由小范圍到大范圍，由次要意義到主要意義，由程度弱到程度強，由一般到專有。意思越具體，物質(zhì)性越強，就越接近名詞。限定詞數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)描繪詞大小、長短、高低等形體新舊顏色國籍材料名詞the advanced foreign experience 外國的先進經(jīng)驗the ancient Chinese write

6、r 中國古代的作家the three Japanese cities 三座日本城市a young American artist 一位年輕的美國藝術(shù)家a small round wooden table 一張木頭小圓桌a nice little old black Japanese leather bag一個小的漂亮的黑色的日本舊皮包形容詞作定語：e.g. I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served. His deeds moved everyone present.注意：不定代詞so

7、mething，anything，everything，nothing的定語要放在后面。e.g. There is something wrong with my watch. 數(shù)詞作定語相當于形容詞：e.g. English is spoken as an official language in over sixty countries throughout the world. Over two hundred auto workers are out on strike.代詞作定語：e.g. Our government tries every possible means to sa

8、tisfy our needs.介詞短語作定語：e.g. Antarctica is the coldest place in the world.名詞或名詞所有格作定語：e.g. I still remember what I ate: a fish and cheese sandwich. In many homes, the willow pattern plates (named after the willow tree in the center of the design) are kept for special occasions, when important guests

9、 come to dinner. Where is the presidents office?副詞作定語：e.g. The noise outside woke him up. The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.不定式作定語：e.g. The letters to be delivered to the manager arrived five minutes ago. He is always the first person to leave the o

10、ffice.動詞-ing形式作定語：e.g. The rising sun in the early morning looks bigger than the one at noon. Do you know the girl dancing over there?動詞-ed形式作定語：e.g. There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. The man badly wounded in the stomach lay on the ground, motionless.從句作定語：e.g. The perfect host is the one

11、who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.Rewrite the sentences below with words or phrases from the box, and make adjectival phrases. Change any other words if necessary.a number of strange-looking compl

12、ete green online some wonderful well-cooked1 The dinner party was a success.The dinner party was a complete success.a number of strange-looking complete green online some wonderful well-cooked2 The dish contained fruits that I had never seen before.3 There were smells coming from the kitchen.The dis

13、h contained a number of strange-looking fruits that I had never seen before.There were some wonderful smells coming from the kitchen.a number of strange-looking complete green online some wonderful well-cooked4 I only like meat.5 Have you ever tried shopping using your computer?I only like well-cook

14、ed meat.Have you ever tried online shopping using your computer?6 You should eat lots of vegetables. Theyre good for you.You should eat lots of green vegetables. Theyre good for you.Rewrite the sentences. Use the infinitive, -ing form or -ed form.He cooks dishes that use a lot of ginger.He cooks dis

15、hes using a lot of ginger.1 Do you know the people who are coming to dinner tonight?2 These are the dishes which will be cooked tonight.Do you know the people coming to dinner tonight?These are the dishes to be cooked tonight.3 I wanted to use the recipe that your mother recommended to me.4 You must

16、 come to the banquet which we will hold tomorrow. I wanted to use the recipe recommended by your mother. You must come to the banquet to be held tomorrow. 5 The party we are going to hold tomorrow is very important; its my parents wedding anniversary.6 I like to cook dishes that contain a lot of veg

17、etables.The party to be held tomorrow is very important. Its my parents wedding anniversary.I like to cook dishes containing a lot of vegetables.1. The rules arent obvious for the foreign visitor who has been invited to a party.2. If you eat up all the food which is on the plate, you are paying a co

18、mpliment to the chef.3. If theres something that I want, is it OK to ask for it?Look at the sentences. Answer the questions about the underlined words.(a) Which word refers to a person?(b) Which word refers to a thing?(c) Which word can be used instead of which or who?(d) In which sentence can the u

19、nderlined word be left out?whowhich/ thatthatSentence 31. 在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。2. 定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。3. 引導定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞: who, whom, whose, that, which, as 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why定語從句如果先行詞是指人, 用who, whom, whose, that引導定語從句。如果先行詞是指物, 用that, which, whose引導。關(guān)系代詞:1. who指人, 作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)。 e.g. The m

20、an who I talked with is our teacher. 我談論的這個人是我們的老師。 A person who steals things is called a thief. 偷東西的人叫賊。2. whom指人, 作賓語(作賓語可省略，如介詞提前則不能省)。 e.g. The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr Li. 我對他點頭的那個男人是李先生。 The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 對我點了點頭的人是李教授。3. which指物, 作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)。 e.g

21、. These are the trees which were planted last year. 這是去年種的那些樹。 This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan. 他正在用的這臺錄音機是日本制造的。Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?這個是你借書的圖書館嗎？注意: 介詞提前時只能用which 而不能用 that。4. that指人/物, 作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)。

22、 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機是會飛的機器。 He is the man (that) I told you about. 他是我告訴你的那個男人。5. whose在定語從句作定語 e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen last week. 他就是上周汽車被偷走的那個人。It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語，又能作賓語。whose的先行詞常用來指

23、人，但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念, 這時可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換。that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用that而不用which。(1) 先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow. 我確信她有你要借的東西。(2) 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時。 Ive read all the bo

24、oks that are not mine. 我已經(jīng)讀了的所有的書都不是我的。(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。 This is the first book that he has read. 這是他讀的第一本書。(4) 先行詞被the only, the very, the same修飾時。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 只有這本書屬于他。在下列情況下只用which, 不用that。1. 引導非限制性定語從句。 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the y

25、oungest film director in the world. 他制作了一部短片，這使他贏得了世界上最年輕的電影導演的稱號。2. 直接作介詞的賓語。 Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 當許多人記起電影中人們被鯊魚吃掉的場景時，便不敢在海里游泳。3. 避免與that重復。關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞指代所做成分是否可省略when時間狀語否where地點狀語否why原因狀語否1) This is th

26、e factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.2) The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.3) We visited the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. We visited the house where Lu Xun on

27、ce lived. 關(guān)系副詞where：where引導的定語從句修飾表示地點的名詞, 并在定語從句中作地點狀語, 相當于“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞(which)”。e.g. This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which(=in the house)=1) Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland

28、.2) The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days. The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.關(guān)系副詞when：3) There was a time. The businessman lost heart at that time. There was a time when the businessman lost heart.when引導的定語從句修飾表示時間的名詞, 并在定語從句中作時間狀語, 相當于“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞（which）”。e.

29、g. Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on which(=on the day)=We still remembered the days when we travelled together.in which(=in the days)=why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。e.g. That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.關(guān)系副詞why： 如何判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞(1) 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須用關(guān)系代詞；

30、而不及物動詞則要用關(guān)系副詞。 e.g. I will never forget the beautiful days which we spent together. 我永遠不會忘記我們在一起度過的美好的日子。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永遠不會忘記和你一起工作的那些日子。(2) 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。定語從句引導詞的選擇要由引導詞在從句(注意：不是主句)中所作的成分決定。引導詞在從句中作主語、定語、賓語，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who，who

31、m，that，which，whose)；引導詞在從句中作狀語，應選擇關(guān)系副詞(where為地點狀語，when為時間狀語，why為原因狀語)。1 Salad is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving, while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.2 But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat.3 The menu included asparagus, which

32、his guest had never eaten before.4 The perfect host is the one who saves his guests from embarrassment.5 The willow tree, which gives its name to the plate, has two songbirds flying overhead.Look at the sentences and answer the questions.Which words do the underlined parts refer to?(b) Which clause

33、adds essential information about the subject?(c) Which clause adds extra information about the subject?(d) Which punctuation mark separates a non-defining clause from the subject?They refer to the nouns which precede them.The ones in Sentences 1, 2 & 4 (defining clauses)The ones in Sentences 3 & 5 (

34、non-defining clause)A comma.限制性定語從句就是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語, 如果去掉, 主句就失去意義或意義不完整。這種從句和先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切, 書寫時不用逗號和主句分開。限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句:非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系并不十分密切, 只是對先行詞做些附加說明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號隔開。在講話時須停頓，一般不用that引導。限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 形式上 不用逗號“ ，”與主句隔開用逗號“ ，”與主句隔開 意義上 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。 只是對先行詞的補

35、充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 譯法上 譯成先行詞的定語：“的 ” 通常譯成主句的并列句 關(guān)系詞的使用上 1. 作賓語時可省略1. 不可省略 2. 可用that 2. 不用that 3. 可用who 代替whom 3. 不可用who 代替whom e.g. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗當時很老了，生病后就死了。 (去掉從句，主句的意義仍然完整：他的狗生病死了。) Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seeme

36、d to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了，他好像很忙。 (去掉從句，意義仍然完整：昨天我碰上李雷了。)Ken HomKen Hom is a Chinese-American cook (1)_ is very well-known in both Britain and America. He was born in Tucson, Arizona, (2)_ his Cantonese parentslived after moving to America in the 1920s. As he grew up, he found American food terribl

37、e compared to his mothers cooking, Complete the passage with the words in the box.how in which that where which who whom whosewho/thatwhereso she sent him to school with a box (3)_ she put hot rice and vegetables much better than the sandwiches (4)_ his friends had for lunch. At age 11. Ken went to

38、work in his uncles Chinese restaurant and learned (5)_ to cook everything. At university he gave cooking lessons to earn money. His first lessons were to a rich politicians wife (6)_ he taught to make Italian pasta dishes, in whichthat/which howwhomhow in which that where which who whom whosealthoug

39、h he soon went back to his great interest in Chinese food. Ken Hom, (7)_ first book was about Chinese cooking techniques, is now a famous cook. He wrote an article for a newspaper and from there, he got his first TV programme, (8)_ was a big success. Since then he has written more than 12 books and

40、had four TV series.whosewhichhow in which that where which who whom whose選用正確的關(guān)系詞填空。China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020.新課標全國I卷)In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020.新

41、課標全國III卷)wherewhose 3. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759. (2020. 全國新高考I卷)which/that 4. Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free. (2020.江蘇卷)A. Whose B. which C. when D. whom5. Thank you for your